Ukufunyanwa yemisebe.

Imbali uyazazi iimeko ezinjalo, xa iingcamango ezinkulu kuza Scientist ngengozi. Oku kunganxulunyaniswa yamachiza French Anri Bekkerelyu, yaphunyezwa ngo-1896, kwafunyanwa yemisebe. Isizathu sokuqhuba yemifuniselo kukufundela B. Roentgen X-reyi. Kulo mzekelo, ISAZINZULU wenza kwinkolelo yokuba zinxulunyaniswa kwizinto ezenzeka ngayo chweba. Kwaye mhlawumbi, ukuba olu hlobo chweba akunakwenzeka ngaphandle imitha cathode.

Becquerel wagqiba ukufunda hypothesis abeke phambili yi V. Roentgen. Wamangaliswa ukuba iziyobisi luminescent bukhazimle kokuba ukukwazi ukungena kuzo ulwahlulo ngaphaya kwawo. Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, Becquerel wathabatha isitya yokuthathwa lusongelweyo emnyama umboniso yakhe, nigalele ityuwa camera cross uranium yobhedu zibekwe elangeni. Emva kwexesha elithile, waza wabonisa le filimu. Kwenzeka ukuba abamnyama kuloo ndawo apho kukho khona emnqamlezweni. Oku kwakubonisa ukuba uranium unako okuvelisa radiation udlulayo izinto ngaphaya kwawo kunye nezenzo epleyitini lokushicilela. Ngelo xesha, Becquerel wayekholelwa ukuba isizathu sokuba ukuvutha uranium - kwelanga.

Emva kwexesha elithile, ISAZINZULU wagqiba ekubeni ukuphinda nokuhlola. Kodwa ke eli xesha imozulu lisibekele yimvula wamalela ukuba uqale isifundo. Becquerel wabeka phantsi nembasa, xa ngumsongi ezimnyama umnqamlezo emnyama yokugcina iintsuku. Xa yemvelo wabonisa negative, kufunyaniswe ukuba, ngoxa ebumnyameni, kwaba emnyama ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba xa sibethwa lilanga. Ngokuhlolisisa inani elikhulu anemichiza, Becquerel lufumanise ukuba bukhazimle engena ngokusebenzisa iphepha ebumnyameni, into ungakwazi kuphela kuhlanganiselo apho kukho uranium. Ekubeni kwafunyanwa ubuthi kwenziwa

Kamva, le meko iye ngokupheleleyo zifundwa umfazi wakhe Mariey Sklodovskoy kunye uPierre Curie. Ukufunyanwa radioactivity yaba isizathu sokuba ukufunda ezinye izinto ezininzi. Pierre and Marie wafumanisa ukuba uninzi iikhemikhali ayakwazi di- imiqadi legalelo ezintathu: beta, alpha, wesigrike -. Baye ngokupheleleyo wafunda ngxaki yokusetyenziswa imisebe, wafundela ubuchule bakhe ezendeleyo, nokuziphatha entsimini ngemagnethi. Ezi zinto ziye ukuba izazinzulu bafumane ubunzima, uqina Isigxina amasuntswana enza ukukhanya.

Ezi zifundo zenziwa ezifunyaniswe ebonakalayo kwinkalo ye physics. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba imitha alpha ukuba nentaphane amasuntswana enzima kakhulu, ukuba uqina apho 16 ophosa ngomzuzu. Ngamnye kubo kwentlawulo ezimbili zombane kwaye inobunzima. Isiseko-beta reyi - elektroni, okanye elibi ityala iziqalelo ukukhanya. isantya awo oziikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwe-300 lamawaka ngomzuzwana. A gamma-reyi kubume iyafana X-ray. Kamva, zesayensi ziye bafumana iinyaniso ezimbalwa umdla ngakumbi. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba beta-esikhupha okanye alpha amasuntswana, atom abanye imichiza inokujikwa ibe kwabanye.

Ukufundwa esikrwada, nto leyo eyinxalenye thorium neyuranium, iye yavulwa entsha ngokupheleleyo, kungekhona ngaphambili wafunda into imichiza. igama layo - epheleleyo - kwaba imbeko kwilizwe kwikhaya likaMariya - Poland. A yemvelo emva koko wavula element enye radioactive - Radium (obuma-). Eli candelo yabelwa kwemitha ngokwanelisayo womelele. Table Radium Mendeleev ukuba yimilinganiso atomic ka- 226, 88 ahlala iseli. Kamva, kwakugqitywa ukuba imichiza, inani ukulandelelana mkhulu kuno 83, ngokwemvelo radioactive, oko kukuthi ezinako ukudala kwemitha izenzekele.

Ngowe-1903, i-Curies ngenxa kwafunyanwa radioactivity sele imbasa Prize Nobel. UMariya Sklodovskaya waba ngunjingalwazi mfazi wokuqala. Ngenxa yakhe, ngexesha Sorbonne University wafunda radioactivity kuqala zaziswa.