Umsantsa kwenkulungwane ye-17

Career le Moscow uBhishophu Nikon iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Kwixesha elifutshane ngexesha unyana umlimi, abo bathatha izifungo yimonki kwi i Solovki Islands, waba umphathi eMonastri yasekuhlaleni. abahlobo koko, bemthomalalisile kunye Alexis, ukumkani olawulayo, waba umphathi we Novospassky woonongendi eMoscow kakade. Emva kweminyaka emibini Novgorod Metropolitan wakhethwa of eMoscow.

abazifunayo zakhe ijolise ekwenzeni iCawa Orthodox Russian embindini kwehlabathi. Uhlaziyo of Ubhishophu Nikon kwindawo yokuqala sichaphazele ubunye izenzo kunye nokusekwa kwe-nkonzo ecaweni enye kuwo onke amabandla. Nikon wathabatha isampulu izithethe kunye nemithetho iCawa yamaGrike. Innovations ayehambisana ukunganeliseki omkhulu ethandwayo. Ngenxa yoko, kwabakho kwahlukahlukana kwenkulungwane ye-17.

Abachasi Nikon - amakholwa Old - akazange afune ukwamkela imithetho ezintsha, babiza ukuba abuyele-odolo athathwe phambi kokuba inguquko. Phakathi abaxhasi abutment yangaphambili ugxininisa ngumbingeleli uHabhakuki. Amathuba, ngenxa apho umsantsa kwenkulungwane ye-17, baba zokuphikisa ukuba, indlela yamaGrike okanye IsiRashiya ukuya ukudibanisa iincwadi ibandla esemthethweni. Kwakhona wayengakwazi afikelele kwisivumelwano ngoko, iminwe ezintathu okanye ezimbini ukuze ukubhaptizwa, ngokutsho khosi solar, okanye kuye ukuba enze loo mngcwabo. Kodwa kuphela oonobangela yangaphandle noqhekeko. Xihinga ephambili ukuba Nikon waqalisa maqhinga ngoobhishophu bobu izinduna, abo bakhathazekile ukuba utshintsho kuya kuquka ukwehla igunya loluntu webandla, kwaye kungoko igunya labo kunye namandla. Utitshala iintshumayelo-gqiphu ecenga uhamba inani elikhulu abalimi. Babaleka eSiberia, i Urals, wasentla, akubunjwanga yesisombululo amakholwa Old. abantu abaqhelekileyo efanisa ngokonakala ubomi bakhe kunye zinguquko Nikon. Ngoko ke, lo kwahlukahlukana kwenkulungwane ye-17 yaye baba uhlobo yinqobo yoqhankqalazo ethandwayo.

Iliza kakhulu ezinamandla itshayelwe kuye iminyaka 1668-1676, xa kwakukho Solovetsky Monastery Uprising. Le isigodlo waba iindonga obukhulu kanye eninzi ukutya, nto leyo yatsala abachasi uguquko. Baya athontelana apha kulo lonke eRashiya. Apha ke ukufihleka razintsy. Esibhozo iminyaka engama-600 abantu zabanjwa apho ke kuloo nqaba. Kanti ke wafumana umngcatshi lowo ke imikhosi yokumkani woonongendi emngxunyeni ngasese. Ngenxa yoko, 50 kuphela abasindayo abavikeli weemonki.

Avvakum kunye nabalandeli bakhe kulahlwa Pustozersk. Apho wachitha iminyaka eli-14 kwintolongo somdongwe base bephila. Ukususela ngoko, amakholwa Old waqalisa ukuba bazibeke self-bazibulala ndingavumelani utshintsho ze Umchasi - ubhishophu entsha.

Nikon ngokwayo, ngenxa yeziphene kunye ubunzima iyantlukwano kwenkulungwane ye-17, kwakungekho kwekamva ngaphantsi kabuhlungu. Yaye ngenxa yokuba waye kakhulu esithatyathwe, kakhulu ukuba ukuzihlawula. Ekugqibeleni Nikon got isihloko awayesibawela "umlawuli omkhulu 'kwaye echaza ukuba ufuna ukuba ubhishophu lonke Russia, hayi eMoscow, demonstratively washiya ikomkhulu ngo-1658. kweminyaka esibhozo kamva, ngowe-1666, xa ibhunga ecaweni kunye inxaxheba Oosolusapho-Antiyokwe kunye Alexandria, nayo leyo onke amagunya kwakhona esinayo baseYerusalem eConstantinople, wagxothwa isithuba uMphathi Nikon. Waye wathunyelwa Ferapontov Monastery, ukuba kufuphi Vologda, ekuthinjweni. Nikon ubuyele apho emva kokufa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Wafa yangaphambili njengomphathi ngo 1681 kufuphi Yaroslavl, waza wangcwatywa kwidolophu Istra kwi Voskresensky New Jerusalem Monastery, ngokwezigqibo necebo lakhe, yaye kanye kwakhiwa.

nengxaki Isakhiwo kweli lizwe, kwakunye ukunganeliseki ebantwini kwezinye imiba befuna utshintsho ngoko nangoko ehambelana kwimingeni yexesha. Kwaye ke impendulo ezi mfuno sele inguqu Peter I ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18.