Umlambo i-Irkut eBuryatia

Umlambo we-Irkut ungumgcini we-Angara ophuma eLake Baikal. Kucingwa njengenye yeendlela ezinkulu zamanzi aseMpuma yeSiberia. Umbhede umlambo udlula eBuryatia nase-Irkutsk. Ubude bayo buyi-488 km.

Ngokufutshane malunga nokuphambili

Umlambo uthatha ukuqala kwawo eMpuma Sayan. Umthombo usekuphakamileyo kweNuksu-Daban node yentaba - eMunku-Sagan-Sardyk. It flows out of the Ilchir echibini, efumaneka kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-1850 m. Ichibi, kwiinkcazo, lifana neBhaikal ngokwayo, linomfanekiso obuninzi, kodwa lukhulu kuncinane. Ubude ubude bubekwe u-6 km, kwaye bubanzi - kwi-1 km. Irkut (umlambo waseRashiya), wehla ukusuka emithameni yentaba, ubizwa ngokuba ngu-Black Irkut, kwaye udibanisa ne-tributaries-eMid na-White Irkut. Emva koko, yenziwe ibe ngumlambo omkhulu ogcwele amanzi. I-Black Irkut ihamba ngeentlambo ze-Sayan ephezulu ngasecaleni ukusuka ngasenyakatho ukuya empuma ngokusebenzisa intlambo yaseTankinsky. Iphula iintaba, zenza i-Zirkazun gorge. Kulo lonke ubude balo, i-Irkut ifumana iindleko zayo ezinkulu - i-Bolshaya Zangisan, iZun-Mourin, iTunku kunye neBolshoy Rapid imifula.

Umlomo womlambo we-Irkut

Umlambo e-Irkutsk ugelela kwi-Angara. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi amaninzi emifudlana yamanzi kwenzeka kumda weedolophu. Kwiintlangano zentaba yase-Irkut kunye ne-plain Angara umntu unokubona into engokwemvelo yendalo. Kubonakala kakuhle kwimbono yeentaka. Irkut iyanciphisa isantya sekhoyo ngoku ejikeleze umlomo wayo, kodwa ayixube ngokukhawuleza kunye namanzi ase-Angara. Kuyo yonke indawo yaseBratsk, imilambo yomibini ihamba "ngapha nangapha": omnye umgca unxweme lwamanzi ase-Irkut, enye iyenziwa ngamanzi e-Angara. Ummandla wendawo yokubambisa i-15,000 square meters. Km.

Black Irkut

I-Irkut ngumlambo, oye wahlukana ngokweemeko zibe zii-3 zezithili. Ziyahlukana phakathi kwazo ngoku, uhlobo lobutyebi obuphantsi, ummandla wonxweme kunye neendawo ezijikelezayo. Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kweentlawulo ze-Middle and White Irkut, umlambo umlambo wamanzi weentaba. Le ndawo ayifumaneki, njengoko iphakamileyo ezintabeni. Iibhanki eziseduze nomlambo zithela, ziphakamileyo, kwaye ngoku kukhawuleza. Amanzi abanda kwaye avulekileyo, kwaye intlanzi ayitholakali ngenxa yokuhamba ngokukhawuleza. I-bottom is rocky, unstable, ngoko ukuloba i-Black Irkut ayifanelekanga. Le ndawo ifinyelela kwimida yeTunka Valley. Ukususela kule ndawo, i-Irkut iyancipha ikhoyo ngoku, iyancipha, kwaye umbhede wayo uyanda.

Umlambo wase-Irkut eBuryatia

Ukuxinezeleka kweTankinskaya, kunye neentaba zeKhamar-Daban, inxalenye yendawo yokugcina indawo yaseBuryatia - ipaki kazwelonke. Injongo yendalo yayo yindawo yokuphila kwendawo. Kwenziwe ngokungaqhekeki kwaye ihluke kakhulu.

Le ntlambo ijikelezwe ngamathambeka aseToukinsky Goltsy. Ezinye iintaba zinokuphakama kwe-2000-3000 m. Indawo ephakamileyo yeentaba i-Strelnikov (3216 m). Le ndawo yeMpuma Sayan idla ngokuthelekiswa neAlps ngokufana kwendawo kunye neendawo. Umlambo we-Irkut (isithombe esingezantsi), udlula kwimigodi. Empuma kukhona indawo apho intambo yeentaba iqwengqelekile, kwaye yilapho ikhefu lokuhamba kwamanzi libekwa khona. Ngombulelo kwintlambo, utshintsho oluphantsi komlambo, luba ngumdaka. Kukho idizithi ze-mica apha, ngoko ke amanzi athola ubunzima bokubala, kodwa alahlekelwe ukukhanya kwawo ngenxa ye-deposit deposit. Le nxalenye yomlambo idlula kwimida yeBuryatia kwaye iphela kufuphi nomda welizwe lase-Irkutsk, kungekude nelali. Tibelti.

Iibhanki zase-Irkut kule ndawo zizintlu, zixhamle ngezityalo. Kulo lonxweme unokufumana indawo ezininzi zokuhlala: iGuhir, Mondy, Torah, Dalahay, njl. Kukho iindawo zokuhlala ezili-16 kumlambo, kubandakanywa isikhungo sokulawula sithili sase-Irkutsk.

Ukusetyenziswa kweendawo eziphezulu zomlambo

Abahlali beedolo ngenxa yokusondela kwamanzi banethuba lokubandakanya kwezolimo kunye nokuzaliswa kweenkomo. Kule ndawo, i-Irkut ihlanganiswe ngamacandelo, ukuzalisa ngamanzi. Ingqikithi, ikhupha malunga nemifula emikhulu nemifutshane kunye namachibi amancinane ama-13.

I-Irkut yintaba yomlambo, kodwa kuphela kwizicwangciso ezimbini eziphezulu. Ukuphindaphinda kwama-rapids kunye ne-rapids, isiteshini esiphezulu esinokuqhubela phambili kunye nomdla wokukhawuleza ukuheha abalandeli bezemidlalo ezimbi kakhulu kule ndawo. Kule nxalenye yomlambo ungabandakanyeka kwi-rafting kunye nezinye iintlobo zokutyelela kwamanzi. IAlloys yahlula kwiindidi zemidlalo: "Upper Irkut" - 4 c., "I-Irkut ephantsi" - 2 c. (I-Cs - uluhlu lwe-alloy).

Izixhobo zomlambo osondele emlonyeni

Icandelo lokugqibela lomlambo lithe cwaka. Iyenzeka kwimida yommandla wase-Irkutsk kwaye iphelela ngendawo yokudibanisa kwi-Angara. Ububanzi beli khululo apha lifikelela kwiimpawu eziphezulu: ukususela kwi-150 m ukuya kuma-250 m. Inani lokugqibela lihambelana nomlomo. Ubunzulu obuphakathi buyahlukahluka kummandla we-1-2 m, ubukhulu becala bu-6 m. Kwangexesha elide kwiindawo ezisezantsi ze-Irkut babandakanyeka kwi-rafting kunye ne-rafting. Le nxalenye yomlambo iyingxenye ye-Baikal Nature Reserve - indawo yokugcina indawo, enjongo yokulondolozwa kwamahlathi emisedare angafunyanwanga.

Imozulu

I-Irkut ngumlambo ophantsi ngokupheleleyo kwindawo epholileyo yemozulu. Imozulu apha ihlobo lwelizwekazi. Ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kuyabonakala kule ndawo. Ubusika bubanda kwaye kubanda, ihlobo litshisa ngokukhawuleza. Inyanga efudumele kakhulu ngoJulayi. Ngeli xesha, ikholomu ye-thermometer iphakama ukuya ku-19 ... + 22 ° С. Kwaye amanzi anokufudumala ukuya kwi -15 ° C - kwindawo ephantsi, kuze kube ku-+ 7 ... + 9 ° C - kwindawo ephezulu yomlambo. Iinyanga ezibandayo zonyaka ziDisemba noJanuwari. Iqondo lokushisa lomoya linciphisa ukuya -15 ... -17 ° С. Ngethuba lokusukela ngo-Oktobha, xa iqhwa lokuqala liqala, i-Irkut ikhululeka. Kubonakala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Umyinge wempompo yonyaka kwindawo esondeleyo: 400 mm - kumathafeni kunye ne-600 mm - ezintabeni. Uninzi lwawo luhlobo ehlobo kwaye luwela ngaphandle kwemvula. Kodwa uMlambo we-Irkut unondla kakhulu ikhephu. I-Meltwater igcwalisa umzila wayo kunye neentlawulo. Kodwa ngenxa yemvula, ukuzaliswa okuyingxenye kuphela kuyenzeka.

Abemi bomlambo

Irkut ngumlambo ngehlabathi elinotyebileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwale mqathango, ulwahlula ngamacandelo amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, ekuphakameni okuphezulu ngenxa yelikhulu leentaba ezikhoyo, akukho nto inentlanzi, kwaye kukho ezininzi kwiindawo eziphantsi kwelamahlanjeni. Ukuloba kuphuhliswa kakuhle. Emanzini ase-Irkut, i-taimen, i-roach yaseSiberia, i-gray, i-burbot, i-catfish, i-bream ifumaneka. Kuzo zonke iintlobo ezili-16. Phakathi kwama-amphibians umntu unokufumana isiqhwithi saseSiberia, intonga yaseMongolia kunye ne-Siberian angler. Izidubedube ziqhelekileyo : I- Shield-humerus eqhelekileyo, i- skid ye-skid, inyoka.

Ihlabathi lezilwanyana likwahluke kakhulu. Emahlathini elunxwemeni, unako ukudibana nezilwanyana ezinjengobhere, impisi kunye ne-artiodactyls - i-moose kunye ne-roe deer. Kwaye izilwanyana ezincinci zininzi zeprotheni kunye noonogwaja.

Hydronym

I-hydronym yomlambo ivela kuMongol-Buryat. Ekuguquleleni, igama elithi "irkut" lithetha "amandla", "amandla". Isixeko sase-Irkutsk samukelwe igama elihle ngenxa yalo mlambo. Kuyaziwa ukuba ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII kwimidwebo yomdwebi webalazwe waseSiberia S. Remezov lo kuphuma kwamanzi sele sele ubizwa ngokuba ngu "Irkutsk".