Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "Ukufa a Imbongi 'ukusuka lulusiba MU Lermontov

Lermontov - enkulu Russian imbongi, umbhali kunye umbhali, yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi ngomsebenzi wayo omangalisayo, bazizityebi inkcubeko Russian. Yoncwadi lwamandulo, Russian Lermontov ngokusesikweni ubekwa kwindawo yesibini emva Pushkin.

Aba ezimbini Igama ezaziwayo-kakuhle edityaniswe i ngomsonto ongabonakaliyo, ngenxa yokuba ukufa kabuhlungu kuka Pushkin, abasweleke 1837 ukusuka yokwenzakala kakhulu Kungquzulwano, uye wakhonza unobangela unwitting ngeenkwenkwezi ekuphumeni zemibongo Lermontov, kuqala waduma ngenxa kumbongo wakhe "Xa ukufa wembongi."

Uhlalutyo wombongo Lermontov kaThixo "Ukufa imbongi" unika ukutya kakhulu ukuba ingcamango. Lo mbongo, ngendlela apho sisazi - equka iinxalenye ezintathu (inxalenye yokuqala - ukusuka ku-1 ukuya 56 nokwakheka kwezitanza, inxalenye yesibini - ukususela 56 ivesi 72, kwaye epigraph), ndafumana uhlobo layo lokugqibela kwangoko. Uhlelo yokuqala mbongo umhla wama-28 Januwari, 1837 (ngosuku olunye phambi kokufa Pushkin) kwaye wayebunjwa inxalenye yokuqala ophela nge ivesi "Emlonyeni wakhe yoshicilelo."

Ezi 56 ivesi inxalenye yokuqala, nto, nto ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe Isiqwenga ezimbini ezizimeleyo kakhulu, eyodwa kunye neencwadi imvakalelo. Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "Ukufa a Imbongi" ubonisa somahluko wala ngamaqhekeza: i izitanza 33 zokuqala ezibhaliweyo trehstopnym pentameter obuluqilima kunye Ndilicukuceze rap ngaphezu kokufa wembongi, ukuyilahla akukho engozini kuyo, nokubulala, ityala apho i ukungakhathali abandayo "Intliziyo engenanto 'oluntu wempangelo, ukungabikho kwakhe ukuqonda nokuqiniseka komoya lokudala nenkululeko-bothando wembongi Pushkin.

Ngohlalutyo ngakumbi umbongo "Ukufa a Imbongi", siyabona ukuba inxalenye yesibini-ngqangi yokuqala eyenziwa vesi zilandelayo 23, yahlukile ukusuka utshintsho yokuqala wemitha ukuya tetrameter iambic. Kwakhona, ukutshintsha obenosinga namabali iingxoxo malunga ezibangela ukufa ityala ngqo amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu kwaye onke amalungu ayo - "abanyelisi yanto." Umbhali akoyiki ukugibisela amagama A.V.Druzhinina "vesi yentsimbi 'ebusweni lobhedu kwabo musa ukuthandabuza bhinqa imemori engcwele imbongi enkulu kunye nomntu, njengoko ibonisa kwethu uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lo mbongo. "Ukufa a Imbongi" Lermontov wabhala, awunandaba malunga neziphumo, nto leyo sele a feat. Ukwenza uhlalutyo mbongo "Ukufa a Imbongi", inxalenye yesibini, equlathe iivesi 56th ngomhla wama-72, sibona ukuba elegy ezilusizi inxalenye yokuqala kutshintshwa uvuthondaba wakhe ukhohlakeleyo.

Epigraph wabonakala kuphela kamva, xa ebuzwa yimbongi ukunika uMlawuli ikopi ngesandla umbongo ngenxa sakho. Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "Ukufa a Imbongi" ubonisa ukuba oku Isaci lathathwa nentlekele imbongi "Wenceslas" ngokuthi umbhali French Zhana Rotru.

Kwakusazeka ukuba lonke uluntu enkundleni kunye noMlawuli Nicholas I "noku" eshushu angxamele ubugcisa le misebenzi entsha, wayithanda kakhulu ifomu vesi, ngenxa yokuba lo msebenzi ebangele uvavanyo elibi kakhulu urhulumente olawulayo yaye uchazwa 'bokungabi nazintloni ezamahala-iingcinga, ngaphezu isaphuli-mthetho. " Isiphumo sale basabela ukuqaliswa inkqubo "Kwi ivesi ezingavumelekanga ...", kulandele omnye ukubanjwa Lermontov kaThixo, esenzeka ngoFebruwari 1837, yaye kubhekiswa imbongi (phantsi ngesebe kwenkonzo) ukuya eCaucasus.