"Tale of adlulileyo Years". isishwankathelo umlando

Etafileni kwisisele cwaka kudala imibhalo yayo ngembali esi silumko. Lonke ububanzi iphepha yayo ezingcakacileyo ukwandisa imibhalo - amangqina iingcinga balumke kodwa ubuchule. Iinwele zakhe ezingwevu yegolide nesilivere emehlweni akhe waziva umphefumlo ukukhanya-ezaliswe nozuko, iminwe yakhe - umsebenzi unguwo isixhobo - zezilungela elide. Yena - umbhali zezona ngcali zinetalente, njengomntwana onengqondo izilumko ingubo emishini, yentsimbi loncwadi, owabhala "I Tale of adlulileyo Years". Isishwankathelo ingxelo isinika ixesha awayephila kulo Nestor umkhumbuzi.

Akukho mntu owaziyo ukuba ebuntwaneni bakhe. Akucacanga ukuba yintoni eyabangela ukuba woonongendi, ngubani bamfundisa ubomi. Siyazi kuphela ukuba wazalwa emva kokufa Yaroslav Mudry. Around 1070 umfana ezikrelekrele ivele Kiev-Pechersk eMonastri, onqwenela ukubathobela. Kwiminyaka 17, lendela wamnika igama eliphakathi uStefan, nje kancinci emva koko, wamiswa imiyalelo umdikoni yakhe. Egameni wenyaniso, akazange azibone imvelaphi yamandulo kunye esikhulu ezweni - "The Tale of adlulileyo Years". Isishwankathelo yemihla kufuneka sinikele elo xesha, nto leyo, ukongeza phambi kumsebenzi, kunye ngumbhali ebomini bakhe ngoku. Ngaloo maxesha ke indoda efundile kakhulu yaye wabanika lonke ulwazi lwakhe lwemisebenzi yoncwadi. Nestor umkhumbuzi abantu uye wanceda ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni na eyenza i-Russia yaMandulo kule minyaka 900-1100.

Umbhali yenoveli "Iminyaka adlulileyo" ezifumaneka ebutsheni bakhe ixesha xa eRashiya yayilawulwa abathetheli Yaroslav. Yaroslav Mudry, njengokuba uyise wabo umthetho ukuba ukukhusela enye kwenye, ukuba baphile eluthandweni, kodwa abathathu njengenkosana phantse waphuka isicelo kayise. Kwelo xesha, uxabana Polovtsy - nabemi emathafeni. indlela yobuhedeni yokuphila wamtyhala ukuba baye ngamandla amalungelo abo ayikho kwi ubhaptizo Rus 'sabangela ngedlela neziphithiphithi ezithandwayo kunye neenkokeli, usiyazi lowo. Oku uxelela "Tale of adlulileyo Years".

Isishwankathelo iziganeko yezopolitiko yemihla data usebenza ubomi Yaroslava Mudrogo - ngunozala ubuncwane boncwadi, ithala leencwadi yokuqala eRashiya. Kule, ithala leencwadi kunye wafunda ulwazi lwabo makhwelo eKiev-Pechersk Monastery. Nestor umkhumbuzi wenzayo ngamaxesha utshintsho olukhulu; yaba ixesha iingxabano njengenkosana feudal ukuba ungabi nako ukwaphula amandla Kievan Rus. Ke ikomkhulu ephilileyo, ekhokelwa Svatopluk - ngumlawuli ngokunyoluka wengcibi yokuluka ke lowo. abantu abahluphekayo akwazi kuyinyamezela ayisendim ebukhobokeni nasekuxhatshazweni feudal, kwaye kwimvukelo ezithandwayo kwaqala ngo-1113. Osesikhundleni Kwanyanzeleka ukuba babuyele Vladimir Monomakh - Prince Pereyaslavl, ngoko wathabatha izinto ezandleni zabo. Akazange afune ukuba bangenele egunyeni kolawulo langaphandle, kodwa ubukele ububi Kievan Rus, ayikwazanga ukukhanyela abantu kumgaqo-nkqubo omtsha.

Xa umsebenzi wakhe "I Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" isishwankathelo Yamandulo Russian Imbali Nestor umkhumbuzi alusincedanga ubuchule babo wongezelela nemifanekiso obugcisa: ihonjiswe merit abathetheli kunye sabamnyama abalawuli ukusondela kuye. Zemihla sinika umbono ocacileyo apho evela kwimithombo Russian zehlabathi, yaye ngubani owokuqala ukuba ngukumkani waba. Lubonakale kweyoqobo ibali isihloko elide ngokungaqhelekanga ucacisa isishwankathelo. "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" wangena yokuba, xa umbhali wayemalunga amathandathu eminyaka ubudala. Nestor Ulumkile kunye nangenkuthalo kwiintliziyo zabantu Russian akazange kuphela, indela kodwa njengomntwana onengqondo onesiphiwo wayekwazi ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha ndikunyibilikise ngokufezekileyo ekuqaleni uhambo lwethu.