Imbali wendalo. "War Noxolo" - inoveli yeqhawe LN Tolstoy

"War Noxolo" - umsebenzi omkhulu. Yintoni imbali kwinoveli yeqhawe? L. N. Tolstoy ngokwakhe akazange ukuzibuza kutheni ubomi kwenzeka, yaye hayi ngenye ... Ewe, kutheni, yintoni kwaye flow njani inkqubo yokuyila yokudala imisebenzi mkhulu lonke ixesha? Ngapha koko, ukubhala wakhe wathabatha iminyaka esixhenxe elide ...

Imbali inoveli "War Noxolo": ubungqina yokuqala ukuqala umsebenzi

Ngo September 1863 ngo Yasnaya Polyana wafumana ileta evela uyise Sofi Andreevny Tolstoy - AE Yamalungu. Uthi le mini phambi kokuba ku Lvom Nikolaevichem waba incoko elide malunga imfazwe ngabantu nxamnye kukaNapoleon malunga ixesha lilonke - ubalo uza ukuqala ukubhala inoveli enikelwe iziganeko ezinkulu nekulula kwimbali weRashiya. Ukukhankanywa yale ncwadi ayikho ngengozi, kuba kucingwa ukuba i "uphawu yokuqala echanileyo 'ekuqaleni umbhali enkulu Russian yenoveli" War Noxolo ". Ubungqina oku, yaye enye uxwebhu yomhla loo mnyaka, ngenyanga kamva: Tolstoy ubhala umzala malunga ingcamango yakhe entsha. Waye sele inxaxheba kumsebenzi kwi kwinoveli-iziganeko iziganeko kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye ukuya kwi 50. Indlela amandla yokuziphatha kakhulu, amandla kufuneka ukuphumeza izicwangciso - uthi, nokuba bangaphi sele, uye ebhaliweyo kwaye kuqwalaselwe yonke into njengoko "akazange ebhaliweyo okanye wacinga."

Ingcamango yokuqala

Imbali yayo indalo inoveli zikaTolstoy "War Noxolo" sibonisa ukuba injongo lokuqala umbhali ukwenza incwadi malunga bayahlelwa enzima Decembrists, aza abuya ngo-1865 (ixesha leminyaka emva kokuyekiswa serfdom) kwilizwe labo emva kweminyaka ekuthinjweni eSiberia. Noko ke, Leo uhlaziywe ingcamango waza wajika kwiziganeko zembali ka-1825 - ixesha le kwimvukelo Decembrist. Ngenxa yoko, yaye lo mbono sele ishiywe: ulutsha ophambili kwenzeka nxamnye sizoku kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngo-1912, pores ezoyikekayo, ezizukileyo nabantu bonke Russian, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, enye kwikhonkco ganeko zonyaka 1805. Xelela uTolstoy wagqiba ukuqala ukusuka kanye ekuqaleni - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 - yaye waphila kwimbali-ngenkulungwane isiqingatha karhulumente Russian ngoncedo umlinganiswa ngaphezu kwesinye eziphambili kwaye isethi imifanekiso ocacileyo.

Imbali inoveli "War Noxolo" okanye "zaphawula ezintathu"

Siza kuqhubeka ... obungathandabuzekiyo, umfanekiso ocacileyo umbhali kwi inoveli inika ibali yayo yendalo ( "War Noxolo"). Ngoko ke, ixesha kunye nendawo kwinoveli ezichongiweyo. Umbhali itsalela abadlali eziphambili - i Decembrists, ezintathu ubude ebonakalayo ngokwembali bexesha, yiyo igama lokuqala "zaphawula ezintathu" umsebenzi.

Inxalenye yokuqala iquka ixesha ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 de 1812, xa amaqhawe zobutsha ungqamene imfazwe phakathi Russian kunye Napoleonic France. Okwesibini - yeyona 20, hayi ngaphandle ukuqukwa yezinto ezibalulekileyo - imvukelo Decembrists ngo-1825. Ke ekugqibeleni, isahlulo sesithathu nesokugqibela - 50 - kokubuya ekuthinjweni sabavukeli bafumane kuxolelwa umlawuli kwisiqalo wamaphepha ezibuhlungu kwimbali Russian njengoko woyiswa okuhlazisayo kwi the iCrimea War kunye nokufa uNicholas I.

Kaloku, inoveli kuyilo kunye nesiqulatho uza kuba yehlabathi kwaye ifuna ifom eyahlukileyo zobugcisa, kwaye kwafunyaniswa. Xa amazwi Tolstoy kaThixo "War Noxolo" - akukho umlando yembali, kwaye hayi umbongo, okanye kwinoveli kunye uhlobo entsha kwiincwadi - inoveli luzayo, apho bayahlelwa oonyana babantu abaninzi kunye lonke uhlanga zinxulunyaniswa neziganeko amakhulu zembali .

ohlupha

Umsebenzi kwi mveliso kwaba lula kakhulu. Imbali yendalo ( "War Noxolo") uthi kumaxesha amaninzi, uTolstoy wathabatha amanyathelo kuqala ngoko nangoko wawa ukubhala. Archive yombhali, kukho iinguqulelo ezilishumi elinesihlanu izahluko zokuqala umsebenzi. Yini eyenza? Yintoni haunted yobuhlakani Russian? Umnqweno ukubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo iingcinga zabo, izimvo zabo zonqulo bulumko ngokwabo, uphando, umbono wakhe imbali, ukuba banike uhlolo kwabo iinkqubo zentlalo kwezopolitiko, indima enkulu na ababusi, hayi iinkokheli, kwaye sonke isizwe kwimbali yelizwe. Oku kufuneka umgudu omkhulu yonke imikhosi zokomoya. Ngaphezu kanye wayelahlekelwa kwaye kokuvulwa ithemba ukufezekisa izicwangciso zethu ekupheleni. Yiyo ingqiqo inoveli, kunye namagama iintlelo yokuqala "zaphawula ezintathu", "Konke oko Well ukuba Iphele Well", "1805". Baguqula, njengoko sibonile, ngaphezu kanye.

War of 1812

Ngenxa yoko, kuba abaninzi umbhali ngokujulwa lokudala yaphela ukuvala ixesha elibekiweyo - uTolstoy swi yonke ingqalelo yabo kwi-1812 imfazwe nxamnye neRashiya "Grand Army" i-French uMlawuli uNapoleon, yaye kuphela UYobi yachukumisa phezu ngemvelaphi intshukumo Decembrist.

Iphunga nemisindo yemfazwe ... Kuba ukufunda kwabo ugqithiso efunekayo isixa esikhulu sezixhobo zokufunda. Le fiction yexesha, kunye namaxwebhu zembali, memoirs kunye neeleta ababephila ngayo ezo ziganeko, izicwangciso emfazweni, imiyalelo kunye nemigaqo yabaphathi-mikhosi ... Xa lo mbhali bayisindisile akukho xesha okanye umgudu. Ukususela ekuqaleni, wazikhaba zonke iingxelo zembali eziye zafuna kukuveza imfazwe nje zedabi abalawuli ezimbini, bebulela enye okanye ezinye. Umbhali imke ngokwemeko yazo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo, kodwa ephambili abantu kunye nomoya wabo.

Njengoko kunokubonwa imisebenzi ibali emangalisayo umdla wendalo. "War Noxolo" inama omnye okunika umdla. Phakathi yesandla elondolozwe yenye uxwebhu encinane, kodwa kunjalo kubaluleke - intwana iphepha amanqaku umbhali, eyenziwe ebudeni bokuhlala yakhe entsimini Borodino. Belisenziwa apho ke zazibonisa kunina, ebonisa kanye apho ezithile emaphandleni. Apha ke ezibonakalayo umgca ukuhamba kwelanga ngexesha edabini ngokwayo. Konke oku ke, imizobo ndandize, uyilo rough oko umiselwe kamva phantsi lusiba ithuba misebenzi ibe umfanekiso wenene ebonisa enkulu kwedabi Borodino, luzele intshukumo kunye nobomi, imibala engaqhelekanga kwaye izandi. Iyinto akumangalisi, akunjalo na?

Chance wawo

UTolstoy kumaphepha inoveli bakhe bathetha lukhulu malunga nemithetho yembali. izigqibo zakhe isicelo ebomini, ayadibana kakhulu ngokuphathelele umsebenzi omkhulu, ingakumbi kwimbali yendalo. "War Noxolo" kuphunyeziwe kwizigaba ezininzi ukuze ube wobugcisa wokwenene.

Science uthi zonke nandzu ithuba wawo: ityala wacebisa kusetyenziswa iindlela zobugcisa ukufaka imbali-ngenkulungwane isiqingatha Russia, kunye yingqondi - Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy - babesebenzisa kuyo. Kodwa kuthetha umbuzo omtsha ukuba kunjalo, yintoni na leyo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba amagama nje yenzelwe ukucacisa into obala ngokwenene, kodwa kwi enye - akunakwenzeka ukukhanyela, yaye ezinye ukufaneleka kwabo kunye nokusebenza, ubuncinane, emela "iqondo elithile nokuqonda izinto."

Phi kwaye ingcamango ngokwayo kunye imbali inoveli "War Noxolo" njani - de kube sekupheleni ukufumana phandle akunakwenzeka, phambi nje izibakala ezingenanto, ndiyaphinda, ndithi "ithuba". Ngapha - ngakumbi, funda inoveli, kwaye asikwazi ukucinga ngamandla ukuba umoya womntu, okanye mandithi super-babantu, owakwaziyo wabambesa iingcinga ezinzulu zefilosofi kunye iingcinga zibe imilo emangalisayo - ". Misebenzi" ndiyaphinda, ndithi

Okukhona careening phambi kwethu uthotho "iimeko", kokukhona ke olo lwabonakala ubuso ubungqondi umbhali, ngenxa yoko kuyabonakala, kokukhona sifumana kubungqondi ofihlakeleyo Tolstoy kunye nabanye ngenyaniso obungenakuqondwa eziqulethwe kwimveliso. Kodwa le yinto engekhoyo. Yintoni ukwenza ntoni? UTolstoy bakholwa ukuqonda kuphela komyalelo emhlabeni - kukulahlwa lolwazi njongo. Xa siqonda ukuba injongo ephezulu ekudaleni zenoveli ayifumaneki kuthi, akayi kukulahla na abantu kuzo zonke izinto, ezisemazulwini nezisemhlabeni, ezinokubonwa nezingenakubonwa, kwenza ukuba umbhali akwazi ukwenza ukubhalwa umsebenzi, siziqonde, okanye ubuncinane omthandayo ukonwabela, eyenzelwe ukuba bakhonze iinjongo ngokupheleleyo ubunzulu ngantoni ongapheliyo, hayi kusoloko zifikeleleke ukuqonda kwabantu. Njengokuba umbhali wathi xa besebenza kwinoveli, le njongo artist ayisiso isisombululo obupheleleyo imiba, kwaye UPawulos nokunyanzelisa umfundi kwinto yokuba uthando wobomi zonke obubonakala bagxothe amawaka, kangangokuba wakhala wahleka kunye nabalinganiswa abaphambili.