Umgaqo esebenza ngayo enjinini. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-AC-mafutha. Physics, Grade 9

Namhlanje nje senkcubeko yoluntu kunye noluntu ophezulu zobugcisa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kombane. Enye yamacebo ezingundoqo ezixhasa umsebenzi izixhobo zombane, nguye injini. Lo matshini ifumene obanzi kunayo: kushishino (fans, crushers, compressors) kusetyenziso yasekhaya (oomatshini bokuhlamba, izilumkiso, njalo njalo). Kodwa yintoni na umgaqo osebenza kuyo motor?

ukuqashwa

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-injini yombane kunye neenjongo zayo eziphambili zezi sokutshintshela imizimba zokusebenza kuyimfuneko ukuze kuzalisekiswe iinkqubo zobugcisa lwamandla ngoomatshini. I-injini ngokwayo uvelisa oko ngeendleko umbane osetyenziswayo ukusuka kwigridi. Ngokwesiseko ethetha, umgaqo osebenza kuyo injini yombane ukuyiguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla ngoomatshini. Umlinganiselo wamandla ngomatshini eveliswa kuzo ngeyunithi nganye kwexesha kuthiwa amandla.

iintlobo yeemowutha

Kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu feed womnatha iindidi eziphambili ezimbini motor umntu enokuzichongela: dc kunye ac. Eyona eziqhelekileyo oomatshini DC aba Motors kunye excitation engaguqukiyo, elizimeleyo exutyiweyo. Imizekelo iinjini kwi AC unakho ukwenza oomatshini yolunye kunye emgudu munye. Nangona ukwahlukana esibonakalayo, izixhobo kunye siseko ukusebenza motor nawuphi kuyo ngokusekelwe intsebenziswano kunye umqhubi lwangoku kwaye lo mhlaba otsalayo, okanye umazibuthe esisigxina (into ferromagnetic) ne lo mhlaba otsalayo.

Isakhelo ne yangoku - motor preimage

Ingongoma ephambili kulo mba, njengoko umgaqo osebenza kuyo injini, ekunokuthiwa ukuvela torque. Cinga into enjalo kunokuba ngumzekelo benqwanqwa kunye ngoku, equka ababhexeshi amabini kunye umazibuthe wakhe. Ngoku lisetyenziswa umqhubi emakhonkcweni slip apho ligxile batshintshana isakhelo axis. Ukungqinelana ulawulo adumileyo isandla sasekhohlo phezu isakhelo uya kwenza zamandla ukudala torque kuthelekiswa esqwini. Yena uphantsi kweempembelelo kwibutho lonke iya ukujikeleza ngakwicala ebalwa. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba torque kuba umlinganiselo ngqo induction magnetic (B), amandla yangoku (I), isakhelo (S) kwi square kwaye kuxhomekeke kwi-engile ephakathi imigca intsimi esqwini yokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwempembelelo ixesha, ukutshintsha icala layo, isakhelo oscillate. Yintoni ukuthatha ukuba ukuyilwa ngendlela rhoqo? Kukho iindlela ezimbini:

• ukutshintsha indlela yangoku yombane isakhelo kunye nendawo izinikezeli ngokunxulumene nezibonda umazibuthe;
• ukutshintsha indlela yentsimi, nangona ukuaba isakhelo lijikeleza kwicala okuqhubekayo.

A ngobuwena lokuqala lisetyenziselwa Motors DC. Nowesibini - na umgaqo osebenza kuyo AC motor.

Ukutshintsha indlela isalamane yangoku kwimagnethi

Ukuze ukutshintsha indlela sesindululo kwamasuntswana amacala umqhubi ngefreyim lwangoku, isixhobo ethe eyabelwe yona ngendlela kuxhomekeka lilungiselelo ngababhexeshi. Oku kuyilwa kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa lwabafowunelwa ukutyibilika, ezisetyenziswa unikezele yangoku kwisakhelo. Xa kutshintshwa enye khonkcweni ezimbini xa isakhelo esijikeleziswa ithuba enesiqingatha, ulwalathiso yangoku umva noovimba torque ngayo. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba khonkcweni linye ibandla ukusuka iziqingatha ezibini apho zigqunyiwe ukusuka kwenye.

Uyilo imishini DC

Umzekelo ngentla - i siseko umsebenzi motor DC. Lo matshini real, uye ngokwendalo isakhiwo ezinobunzima esebenzisa amashumi izakhelo ekulelona armature jiko. Izinikezeli ye oko kwayijikeleza babekwa vee eyodwa core zezindlu ferromagnetic. Iziphelo engathi uqhagamshele emakhonkcweni ekwanti ukuba zenze ngezilingo. Jiko, umqokeleli kunye undoqo - ke ankile ejikelezayo in iibheringi phezu izindlu enjinini. Intsimi excitation Imagnethi wenziwa yi izinti umazibuthe isigxina, nto leyo akhe izindlu. Ukusongwa liqhagamshelene mbane, kwaye ziquka zombini ngokuzimeleyo ukusuka chain iankile nangendlela ecwangciswe kakuhle ngokulandelelana. Kwimeko yokuqala, imoto uya kuba excitation eyahlukileyo, elinesibini - ziyangqinelana. Kukho kwakhona uyilo excitation elingumxube xa usebenzisa nje ezimbini iintlobo ngokubhijela xhulumaniso.

umatshini yolunye

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-injini yolunye yimfuneko ukwenza i batshintshana zibuthe. Emva koko kufuneka ifakwe kwibhokisi owenziwe zingatshintshi kwicala izinikezeli yangoku. Umgaqo nokusebenza isithuthi yolunye, nto leyo yande kakhulu kushishino, makususele kulo mzekelo ungentla, ngefreyim kunye current. Intsimi kwamaphiko eveliswe umazibuthe wenziwe ziinkqubo ukuba udityanisiwe kwi-mbane jiko. Ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa engathi ontlantlu-ntathu, kodwa umgaqo yokusebenza ye ezi-motor akayi kuba AC ezahlukeneyo ukusuka-kwesigaba sesithathu, ngaphandle ukuba inani izigaba ngokwabo, nto leyo mncinci kakhulu xa kuqwalaselwa iimpawu zoyilo. Le engathi ibekwa kwiindawo zokubeka stator kunye shift circumferentially. Oku kwenzelwa ukuba ukudala batshintshana mhlaba otsalayo abunjwe ethubeni emoyeni.

synchronism

Ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu ukusebenza ngaxesha nye na injini yombane yokwakha ngasentla. Xa intsebenziswano lo mhlaba otsalayo kunye zangoku kwi plane jiko ezikhandelwa ngokwayo inkqubo ujikelezo motor leyo yolunye ngokumalunga ukujikeleza lo mhlaba otsalayo akhiwa stator. Synchronism iya kugcinwa ukuya torque, nto leyo kubangelwa uxhathiso. Xa umthwalo kwandisa, umatshini inokuphela sync.

kuFacebook motor

Le yokusebenza Umgaqo induction yombane kukuba kukho batshintshana Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye izakhelo ezivaliweyo (iisekethe) kwi plane - nesabelo ukujikeleza. Imagnethi yomhlaba senziwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo motor yolunye - kwiindawo zokubeka usebenzisa akhiwe engathi stator anxulumene kumsebenzi wothungelwano nokuxuba ombane. engathi plane iqanjwa kweziporo zikaloliwe-ezilishumi kunye sikhokelo ngokubanzi iindidi ezimbini yokusebenza: Isigaba elifutshane circuited. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-injini AC kuzo zombini macala efanayo, kuphela kuyilo tshintsho. Kwimeko apho plane unomatse-cage (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "unomatse ebuhlanti") ngokubhijela aluminiyam watyhida kungena vee. Kwisigaba nemveliso kwemicimbi iziphelo kwisigaba ngasinye ofakwe ngaphandle nge emakhonkcweni sliding-qha, njengoko oku kuya kwenza ukuba resistors ezongezelelweyo kwisekethe eziyimfuneko ukulawula isantya injini.

umatshini eyendawo

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo imoto ibambelele kuyafana enjinini kunye lwangoku ngqo. Ukususela ngoku inikezelwa-mbane inyathelo-up sombane. Okulandelayo, isigaba ezintathu-ifildi wangoku idluliselwa sezitishana imoto ezikhethekileyo. Kukho a rectifier. Itshintsha AC ukuya DC. In Scheme wazithwala wokwephuka lwalo ukuya ucingo netroli, omnye - ngqo naLindiili. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iindlela ezininzi ibambelele ukusebenza rhoqo eyahlukileyo kule ndawo mveliso (50 Hz) apha. Ngoko ke, sebenzisa chastotnik kuba imoto, isimiso ukusebenza yayo ukuguqula frequency nokulawula le isici.

Ngu pantograph ombane yaphakamisa inikezelwa egumbini apho resistors ukuqala kunye contactors. Kunye rheostats nabaqondisi udityanisiwe iinjini ibambelele, leyo zicwangciswe kwi bogies asi. Ukusuka kubo, indawo yangoku aqukuqela avuthayo neentsimbi waza wabuyela nesitishi ibambelele, sivala kwisekethe yombane.