Ntoni igama elithi 'kul'

Ngaphandle ekuqondeni yintoni na amandla ngoku, izifundo ezinxulumene ne umbane icandelo ye physics akunakwenzeka. Ingcamango i electric current sisiseko apho, ufana indlu phezu kwesiseko esomeleleyo, iisekethe umgca izibalo phambili kwaye definition entsha ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kul umele elinye lamaxabiso ngezizwe SI, ngoko iyunithi yokulinganisa bendawo ampere (A).

Intsingiselo ebonakalayo zeyunithi ebonisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i ngoku kwelinye ampere motion kwenzeka xa amasuntswana ukuba umthetho izinikezeli ezimbini ubude ongapheliyo, ezidibanisa phakathi kwemitha enye. Xa oku kwenzeka kwimitha ukuzolula abaqhubi nganye intsebenziswano mandla yi ngamanani alinganayo 2 * 10 -7 isidanga Newton. Ngokubanzi wongezelela ukuba abaqhubi zilungiselelwe kungekho (evumela yokungenelela impembelelo sokungenelela medium), kunye zabo cross-candelo lidla iqanda (oku conductivity maximum).

Noko ke, njengoko kuqhele ukuba njalo, le nkcazo ezaziwa eqondakalayo kuphela iingcali, leyo, enyanisweni, akusekho unomdla ezisisiseko. Kodwa babengaqhelananga umntu umbane "Badidekile" nangakumbi. Ngoko ke, makhe achaze oko ngoku, ngokoqobo "phezu iminwe". Simela ibhetri eziqhelekileyo, ukusuka apho izibonda ibhalbhu ilayite hamba iingcingo ezimbini xa igqunyiwe. Le uqhekeko of wire enye enxulumene iswitshi. Njengoko sisazi kwikhondo physics samabanga aphantsi, i electric current - intshukumo ye amasuntswana ukuba ezabo kagesi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bagqiba electron (enyanisweni, le electron oyedwa isimangalo negative), nangona eneneni isuntswana nzima ngakumbi. Ezi amasuntswana luphawulwa ngento conductive (metal), lo gama iigesi utshintshela ion intlawulo engaphezulu (amagama bakhumbule "ionization" yaye "Ukuqhekeka sithuba somoya"); Uhanjiso e semiconductors, kungekuphela nje elektroniki kodwa umngxuma (a intlawulo HIV); e izisombululo electrolytic conductivity kuphela ionic (umz, iibhetri imoto). Kodwa makhe sibuye yomzekelo yethu. Le ivelisa isiphakamiso yangoku electron free. De iswitshi ivuliwe, isiphaluka ivuliwe, amasuntswana ukuhamba akukho ngoko, ngoku ngu zero. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba 'kuqokelela scheme "njengoko elektroni baphuthume ukusuka ezingakhiyo ukuya kwipali ezintle ibhetri udlula ibhalbhu nzeke ukuba evutha. Amandla, ebanyanzela ukuba ukuhamba, lithatyathwe evela entsimini zombane eveliswe yi ibhetri (EMF - ifildi - current).

ngamandla yangoku - umlinganiselo isigxina ngelo xesha. Oko kukuthi, enyanisweni sithetha ngalo umbane edlula umqhubi ukuba iyunithi eziqhelekileyo kwexesha. U nga tshinela isifaniso ngamanzi: kokukhona vula impompo, amanzi kokukhona uya kucanda mome. Kodwa ukuba amanzi ulinganiswa neelitha (cubic metres), ngoku - isixa carrier okanye, nayo amperes okwenyaniso. Loo nto ilula kakhulu. Asinto nzima ukuqonda ukuba andise amandla ngoku ngeendlela ezimbini: ngokususa ibhalbhu ukusuka wesekethe (ukuxhathisa ekuchaseni intshukumo), kwakunye nokwandisa endle yombane eyenziwe ibhetri.

Enyanisweni, sele sifikelele ukuba, kwimeko jikelele, ukubalwa amandla yangoku. Kukho ezininzi ifomula: umzekelo, kuba wesekethe epheleleyo, ucinga impembelelo yeempawu umbane; ngokuba AC and DC kwemisinga; . Kuba iinkqubo multi-sigaba, njl Noko ke, bonke ababelana umthetho single - edume umthetho Ohm kaThixo. Ngoko ke, simnika ifomu ngokubanzi (universal):

I = U / R,

apho I - yangoku amperes; U - lo ombane kule terminal unikezelo lwamandla, ngo volts; R - circuit ukumelana okanye isahlulo, xa ohms. Oku kuxhomekeka iqinisekisa kuphela ngasentla: ukunyusa yangoku kungenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini, nge ukumelana (isibane bethu) kunye ombane (namandla parameter).