Umbhali Alexander Vampilov: ngobomi (ifoto emileyo). Zokukala iincwadi

A ekuchubekeni brilliant, ebuhlungu izidanga ukusuka kwindlela yomhlaba, Alexander Vampilov akazange yapapashwa ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. imisebenzi Umbhali baye yapapashwa kwaye wafumana ingqalelo kokufa kuphela. Ngexesha ukuphila kwakhe Vampilov yakhupha ngaphandle ebuhlanti umdlalo, ezinkulu libe isenzo esisodwa, yaye mfutshane iprozi isebenza. Izihloko eziphakanyiswe Aleksandrom Valentinovichem, ngokukhuthazwa yeqonga kunye umboniso abalawuli wazibeka phezu kweqonga. Opera wakhulula nasemva kokuba umdlalo, umbhali ogama Alexander Vampilov. Ukuphonononga umbhali waqonda ngokusebenzisa ezikhumbuzo ezininzi, iimyuziyam njengentlonipho yokumbulela.

ebuntwaneni

wemidlalo Wazalelwa kwidolophu encinane kummandla Irkutsk, isixeko Kutulik. Usapho, owakhulayo abantwana abane, waba eqhelekileyo kakhulu. UYise - umalathisi besikolo basekuhlaleni, ngoxa unina, umfundisi imathematika, wasebenza apho njengenqununu oncedisayo. Ukuze intsapho zatshintsha xa utata wakhe wabanjwa emva kokuba ndinyeliswe ngo-1937. Njani vodilos ngelo xesha, elinye "ukulunga" ootitshala babhala phezu kwakhe kwesiqalekiso entloko, emtyhola ngelithi iimbono anti-eSoviet. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uqala ubomi yayo Alexander Vampilov. Amafoto thaca ngezantsi.

Ngenxa yoko, unina wasala nabantwana abane. Izalamane wemka ibhinqa wazama ngawo Musa ukuvumela abantwana kufa yindlala. Ngoko ke waqalisa uhambo yobomi Vampilov uAleksandr Valentinovich, ogama Ibhayografi ukubizwa i "lutshaba kwabantu".

Xa umbhali elizayo sasisaziwa ngokuba umntwana eziqhelekileyo ngexesha esikolweni, nto ebalaseleyo. Talent yaqala ukuvela kakhulu kamva. Kungenzeka, oku kubangelwa kukuba onzima kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Vampilov Aleksandr Valentinovich, osapho yaphazamiseka ngamaxesha ngesonka namanzi, awaba nako ucinga art.

ulutsha

umsebenzi zoncwadi iqala xa Vampilov efika University Irkutsk kwi-Faculty of History ne Philology. Ngokuthe ngcembe Alexander Vampilov uqala ukuzama ngokwakho kwi ukubhala amabali amafutshane. Eyokuqala kubo eyapapashwa kwiphephandaba umfundi. Kungekudala emva koko, yena yafunyanwa ngama iinkokheli iphephandaba "ulutsha eSoviet" - kukho umfana uqala ukusebenza ngo-1961.

Indlela kakhulu unekhono umbhali, ulawulo iphephandaba Vampilov wathumela eMoscow iikhosi zoqeqesho kwi uncwadi. Oku kwamnceda Aleksandru Valentinovichu nyukela leri omsebenzi: yena ngoku unobhala yesigqeba. Noko ke, emva kweminyaka emininzi Vampilov umhlala ngoku- ngokupheleleyo ekubhaleni.

Ngelishwa, ukuzama kukwayamanisa ubuncinane umsebenzi ezithile ukuze iqonga watsho phantsi. idlala enkulu yamva Alexander V. kunye nomdla BDT Petersburg (ngoko iLeningrad), kunye nezinye amaqonga ezinkulu.

Career, kwaye intsapho ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuphucula. Kwabakho ke ngequbuliso ... ukufa kabuhlungu.

ukufa kabuhlungu

Nje kweentsuku ezimbalwa akazange aphile ngokuvisisana isikhumbuzo lama-35 ka-Alexander Vampilov. biography emfutshane yaphela etyeni yakhe eyoyikekayo. Ukugqiba ukuba uphumle phezu kolwandle, yaye umhlobo waya chibi iphenyane.

Kwenzeka ukuba le nqanawa, ezibanjiswe imithi yafumba phantsi kwamanzi, asiphethule. ngasinye umbhali Gleb Pakulov, wabiza uncedo waza wamhlangula. Vampilov wagqiba ukuya elunxwemeni lwamanzi aqumbe. Ke kaloku kamsinya nje akuba bamfumanisa - intliziyo akuphumelelanga.

Wangcwatywa abahlobo umbhali, abahlobo kunye abasemzini ngokupheleleyo. Ngokungcwatywa kwe elidityaniswe ngokwenene amabali amabini amakhulu. Ngawabo zithi oku yokuba akazange afune ukuba ukushiya okuqala uAleksandr Vampilov. ngobomi bakhe awukagqitywa de kube sekupheleni. Abaququzeleli be komngcwabo, balibala ukuzisa intambo apho kuyimfuneko ukuthoba ibhokisi kungena engcwabeni. Xa ephithizelayo yase kwenzeka ntoni abahlobo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ndifumane, uze ulindele ukuba umgcini emangcwabeni. Xa ufuna - ibhokisi nequmrhu umbhali wema phezu elunxwemeni engcwabeni. Lo asinguye kuphela imbali. Xa zonke yomzimba umbhali ofanayo waqalisa ukuvumela phantsi - kwenzeka emhadini mncinane kakhulu. Kwakhona kwafuneka alinde de kuye dig ngasekunene.

Ngumzali, nokuba ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kokufa abalawuli kunye nabapapashi umdla ezikhawulezayo ilifa, nenokuthi ukushiya Vampilov uAleksandr Valentinovich.

indlela creative

Bhala Vampilov uqala ukuba umfundi kunyaka wokuqala-of History ne Philology. Izincoko yokuqala ezimfutshane eshicilelweyo iimpapasho eyunivesithi yendawo. Ingqokelela kuphela amabali amafutshane epapashwe ebomini bakhe, ifumaneka kanye ngeli xesha. Oku amabali amafutshane ahlekisayo, ebhalwe phantsi elabo A. Sanin.

Ekufikeni kwakhe evela eMoscow (apho Alexander V. ukwanda iziqinisekiso umbhali), akuba wasebenza kangangexesha elithile eposini lubalulekileyo sikanobhala elawulayo "ulutsha eSoviet", wabhala imidlalo ezimbini elifutshane ahlekisayo: "A engange ezilikhulu zemali entsha", "I noRaven Grove".

Vampilov ngcembe uza ekuqondeni ukuba umele kuqhubana ingqondo yemveli. Ngoko ke, uthi sala umsebenzi kwiphephandaba kwaye iqala umsebenzi esebenzayo zoncwadi. Kungekudala kukho umdlalo "Ndlelantle ngoJuni", apho umbhali kunika ingxelo kwindawo yokubonela eMoscow. Ngelishwa, ezi nzame ziye akubanga yimpumelelo.

Inceda ityala Vampilov xa ngengozi ihlangabezana kusungulwe eyaziwa ngoko wemidlalo Arbuzov, ngubani uyavuma ukuthatha ze afunde umdlalo ngu Alexander "Ndlelantle ngoJuni". Vampilov ifumana ukubuyekeza emihle ekuchubekeni odumileyo, kodwa imveliso isigaba eMoscow ngoko Andikubonanga.

Nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba seminyaka 1969-1971, kukho nemidlalo edumileyo. Ziye ke zithathwe ukubeka yaseqongeni yephondo, kodwa eMoscow naseLeningrad Vavilov ivaliwe. Okubuhlungu kukuba, nomdla kumsebenzi ekuchubekeni yaqala ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe ngo-1972. Kunzima ukutsho kutheni zemiboniso ikomkhulu ziye ingqalelo kuyo, kodwa kuthathwa ukubeka BDT, i Stanislavsky Theatre amaqhekeza. Nkqu Lenfilm Vavilov iqukumbela isivumelwano ukubhala yifilimu yokuqala. Ngelishwa, andizange ndibone Alexander Vampilov leemveliso okhanyayo edlalwa bakhe eMoscow: ebomini bakhe wachacha iinyembezi.

"Uvalelisa ngoJuni": Isishwankathelo

Ibhalwe ngo 1965, i comedy "Ndlelantle ngoJuni" na uphawu kwiincwadi ixesha. Vampilov ibonisa ophambili, umfundi kwimbonakalo apho kukho olukhulu ebonakalayo akusingisi kokhona kulungileyo.

Ekuqaleni Kolesov ibonisa ootitshala umphefumlo inkampani, oko siyalibulela kwaye nabo. Yena esisiseko, kodwa eyahlukileyo kwezinye uhlobo lukhuni, njengabo bonke abafundi.

Zonke izinto ziyatshintsha xa uTshawe owayo intombi Ngqonyela xa Tatiana.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, intloko yecandelo nalo ulwalamano, ke ngoku ningabantu bakaThixo ukukhupha ukusuka kwi University Kolesov. Umfundi zidideke, kuba ngenene uyakuthanda intombazana, kodwa uyaqonda ukuba yidiploma akakwazi singalahlekani, kuba phambi kokuba kukhululwe kuhlala mbandela iinyanga. Emva ukulangazelela kakhulu Kolesov uyavuma kufunyanelwe kwaye belahla uTanya.

Uhlalutyo "ukuhlukana ngoJuni"

Vampilov wenza umlinganiswa ophambili we ngumlinganiswa elibi, ubanika ithuba lokuguquka kwaye isityhilela umfundi, ngokuba amavili ukuba bayahamba, uthe waguquka, xa kwalento iimvakalelo ngakuyo idiploma yakhe kwaye uzama ukubuyisela le ntombazana. Umbhali ophela njengoko ibonisa ukuba umfundi elizayo, isinika ithemba ukuba alungiswe.

Asikwazi ukuba le ncwadi yedrama ngokuqinisekileyo ubudlelwane uthando, ewolo. Plane ngayo liphezulu kakhulu: isivumelwano isazela sakhe, imigaqo. Kwaye ngubani ogqiba kuyo, Vampilov ukugcina umva. Nantso umbhalo ezizodwa Alexander Viktorovich.

"Owamazibulo": Isishwankathelo

Sebenza kwi "izibulo" Vampilov lixesha elide. Okokuqala, kukho iidrafti, amanqaku ezincwadini, koko zishicilelwe kwezinye izahluko. Inguqulelo lokugqibela wakhululwa ngowe-1970, epapashwe yi indlu epapasha "Art".

Bulgakov ukuba inkohliso uzayo kwintsapho - ngumsindisi kubo bonke impazamo. Ngoko ke, Nina, intombi Sarafanova luveza kakuhle umyeni, petty Kudimov. Vasya ucinga ngayo, ukuze nyukani niye emahlathini. Gagarin kwaye igcina Sarafanova Sr., ngokumnika ebusweni unyana wakhe enye ngaphezulu. Nguye ufana nomphunga umoya kule ntsapho. Kuyinto fanekisela ukuba ekupheleni amaqhawe uhlale ekhaya ngaphandle Silva, umhlobo Busygina, kwaye ngaphandle angundoqo Kudimov. Bona, ngokutsho Vampilov - iingongoma ezimbini kakhulu ukuba akukho ndawo ebomini bam.

Sidlala ring Ukwakhiwa: ekupheleni Bulgakov kwakhona ukhumbula wengubo yakhe, ahlwise.

Uhlalutyo imveliso, "izibulo"

Kubonakala iyelenqe elula: esayinwe Busygina enethemba bayive. Kodwa igcwele imibuzo enzulu ebhekiswa umfundi Alexander Vampilov. imisebenzi yakhe, kwaye ezi iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo, ezo esityhilela umfundi indlela inxalenye engabonakaliyo isesisiqalo. Kulo mdlalo, kumi ingxaki yanaphakade ooyise kunye nabantwana. Okubuhlungu kukuba amazwi unyana wakhe Sarafanova Vassenka ukuba abantu abadala Akuyomfuneko abazali ukuba abantwana. indlela bulumko kakhulu kwisifundo Vampilov kunye nentsingiselo yobomi. Ngubani na Sarafanov? UYona, ngubani emsebenzini emsebenzini, washiya umfazi wakhe kunye nabantwana kungekudala. Noko ke, akazange amandla kwaye ukholelwa ukuba umntu olungileyo phambi siphelo ngokuyimfuneko into elungileyo. Kwaye yena tye.

"Duck Hunt": isishwankathelo kunye nohlalutyo

Okubuhlungu kukuba iphuhlisa ubomi babantu "kungekho kukhula" era. Completely izi- iziseko yokuziphatha isiseko yembono, baya nokuqukuqela, batshabalalise imiphefumlo yabo. Injalo ophambili we "Duck Hunt" ukudlala ZILOV. Le ibekwe nentlekele ngokomoya.

Play luqala into yokuba amanye emnyango wakhe ufumana isidanga yomngcwabo namazwi Ndinesingqala idilesi yakhe. Kuyinto yokomfuziselo kakhulu, kuba engqondweni ZILOV ifile ixesha elide. Kamva kulo mdlalo Vampilov oku ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa bani.

Hero eziboniswa kuthotho emnandi, gulyanok, abathandi kunye ubuxoki.

umfazi Galina waqonda ukuba akukho ngaphezu kokuba iqhekeza ifanitshala, nto engaphenduli wabeka kunye nokholo, inkosikazi yakhe. Nokuba ubawo yam, ecela intlanganiso, elinye Zilov ukuba kwindawo yesibini (kwaye ngoko ke nendoda endala esifa, hayi ehlangana kunye nonyana wakhe). Hero uncamela baphupha idada ngokuzingela, leyo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuhlangana ngamhla uthile. Lo mfanekiso Kukhazimlayo kakhulu kulo mdlalo, Libonakalisa ukungaphumeleli umlinganiswa ophambili.

Kuyamangalisa indlela ngokuchanileyo azotywe Vampilov abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo: a, umfazi Galina ebixhamla ubuncwane wazifela Zilov, iimvakalelo, maxa wambi krwada noVera, Valeria kunye umfundi oselula yeengcungcu Irina uthanda ngokwenene ophambili.

Njengesiqhelo, lo mbuzo ukuvuselelwa ophambili umbhali kushiya evulekileyo, enethemba ngokufihlakeleyo ukuba kuya kwenzeka.

"Ihlobo Last Chulimsk": Isishwankathelo

Umdlalo ubalisa ibali kweziko yesithili kweli phondo. Umdlali oyinhloko, uValentina, uthando kunye umphandi Shamanov, ngubani na kanye, kodwa reciprocates. Kwakhona Ndandiyithanda le ntombazana, uPawulos, owayeze kubazali bakhe ekhefini. Lo mfana ibhuqiwe kakhulu, ukuba akaqhelananga nako ukufumana yonke into ofuna. Valentine abe nomfazi lufuneka kuphela nje Ukongeza entle indawo komzi, njengoko loo nto ukubaleka uqoqosho ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki.

Musa ukulukuhla intombazana ukuba atshate ilungile, usebenza kubundlobongela yakhe. Ethukwa, yena, akamkeli isindululo Shamanov izandla osimelela kwisigqibo sokuba ukutshata Pasha, njengoko ufuna le uyise. Ekugqibeleni, Noko ke, ugibayo, omabini la madoda.

Uhlalutyo i "kwehlobo Last Chulimsk"

Vampilov ubeka kumdlalo umbuzo omkhulu kakhulu: ubomi babantu abatsha kweli phondo, ngabahlali nembeko. Eneneni, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze ugcine ulutsha ukuba indlu elikufutshane yenkcubeko kufuneka uye kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa, kwaye kwindawo yokubonela show sele kudala zibonwa zonke amakhasethi. Yiyo loo nto ulutsha esindileyo okanye abe inxila isono.

Ngaba igadi yokomfuziselo kakhulu leyo eliqeqesha Valentine: zonke ngaphandle Shamanov ukusebenza ngqo phezu kwalo, ndawaphula, yaza yavuka intombazana ngentobelo achache. Vampilov ufuna bathi oku kukuba abantu bayathanda ukuba ingaguqulwa: omnye awalimaze phantsi, ngoxa abanye kuphila. Kukho omnye subtext: Amtshabhisa, imbeko kunyathelwa of nosuku lweValentina. Kuyinto yokomfuziselo kakhulu ukuba umyezo kunceda ukubuyisela shaman. Mhlawumbi, emva konke, nguye lowo uya kuthi ekugqibeleni asindise le ntombazana? Njengoko kwezinye idlala Vampilov - le akhawunti ngenxa kuphela owaziyo.

nomdlalo omnye-isenzo

I short idumileyo idlala Vampilov "Ibali yomenzi" yaye "Imizuzu engama nengelosi." Zabhalelwa kwasekuqaleni yomsebenzi wakhe zoncwadi. iziqwenga kamva edityaniswe kwi impapasho "bhalo yePhondo."

Oku ngenene igama wakhe kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba, iqhubheka isithethe Pushkin, Vampilov ubhala amabali amafutshane iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga oko kwenzeke. Noko ke, umbhali izisa into entsha ixabiso yoncwadi kule kota: abengezelayo, nesiphelo engaqhelekanga.

Nje kwenzeka kwi igama elithi "wephondo". Ngaloo Vampilov kwatsala ingqalelo kumfundi ukuya ngxaki kude zokuhlala ubomi mzi, apho kukho indlela ekhethekileyo yobomi, zengqondo, yaye ubomi.

Le midlalo olunye-isenzo - uhlobo lwe sokufezekisa le misebenzi ibalulekileyo umbhali leyo ebeka mibuzo ibalulekileyo bulumko yokuziphatha: "Duck Hunt" yaye "Chulimsk zasehlotyeni Last".

iprozi

Abaphandi ubuchule Vampilov ngazwi linye bathi ukuba ubomi bakhe anqamka mfutshane kangaka, Alexander V. wayeza kuthi ishicilelwe inoveli, mhlawumbi nangakumbi. Nokuqala oku ibonakale ngokucacileyo.

Ngokomthetho iprozi zibhalwe njenge umbhali oselula - umfundi eyunivesithi kunye umqeshwa phephandaba. Emva koko ukusuka usiba lwayo zonke iintlobo imizobo, amanqaku, satires. Kodwa ke, iimveliso ezimbini sele kwixesha oqolileyo uyilo Vampilov: 1965 News "Into udumo" kwathiwa, yaye ngo-1966 - "Vitimsky episode." Ukongeza, ngexesha elifanayo Alksandr V. ubhala izincoko malunga Kutulik.

Zonke iprozi Vampilov sidibanisa amabali zabo, iingxaki, ukuba kuphuhliswa kwimisebenzi ezinkulu. Images Shamanov, uYakobi apha wabonakalaliswa Black, uValentina, Pasha, iziganeko kwi "Duck Hunt" yaye "Ndlelantle ngoJuni".

Iprozi neengxakeko yaloo ezahlukeneyo uvuthondaba-ijolise iimpawu abalinganiswa. Oku kungenziwa xa kuthelekiswa imisebenzi Zoshchenko kunye Olesha.

Hayi nje amkelwa ezivela kuluntu kunye nabafundi Alexander Vampilov. iincwadi Linganisa nokwenziwa phambili ngokuthe ngcembe. Noko ke, into yokuba ekugqibeleni zonke edlalwa zakhe zinkulu wawungenakucetywa zemiboniso abaziintloko, yaye abaninzi lwenziwa kwi umboniso, sithetha ngayo uthando ngabantu lokwenene kunye nezifundo ezingxamisekileyo yemisebenzi.