ISishwankathelo: "Universities yam" (Mxim Gorky)

Sicebisa ukuba uwazi imisebenzi ngokuphila, eyasekwa ngo-1923, funda isishwankathelo yakhe. "Universities My" wabhala Mxim Gorky (eliboniswe ngezantsi). Imisebenzi elandelayo sebali.

Alyosha waya Kazan. Ufuna ukufunda, ufuna ukuya eyunivesithi. Noko ke, ubomi zange ziphuhliswe njengoko bekucetyiwe. Ngomhla okumiselwe Alekseya Peshkova, uya kufunda ngokufunda isishwankathelo. "Universities My '- umsebenzi apho umbhali uchaza kwasebutsheni bakhe. Oku yinxalenye trilogy ngokuphila nayo leyo equka "Childhood" yaye "Aba bantu." Trilogy igqibe ibali "Universities My". Executive Summary kwizahluko zokuqala ezimbini iinxalenye zayo kweli nqaku ezingamelwanga.

Ubomi Evreinov

Alex waqaphela bafika e Kazan ukuba akayi kufuneka ukulungiselela eyunivesithi. Imbi kakhulu baphila Evreinov ayikwazanga luphe ludle. Ngoko musani ukudla, waya endlwini kusasa, ukhangela umsebenzi. Kwaye kwimozulu embi ehleli kwigumbi elingaphantsi, wayengekho kude kwindlu yabo, ophambili we imisebenzi "Universities My". Isishwankathelo, kwakunye ibali ngokwayo, enikelwe ithuba lobomi Gorky ukususela 1884 ukuya 1888.

Nolwazi Guriem Pletnevym

Ngokufuthi, enkulu esingenamntu ukuba uza kudlala kwiidolophu abafundi abatsha. Apha Alyosha wenza abahlobo kunye Guriem Pletnevym, abasebenzi yoshicilelo. Ndakuqonda nzima ngayo ubomi Alyosha, wafuna ukuhamba naye aze aqalise ukulungiselela umsebenzi kootitshala basemaphandleni. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto kwafika eli nyathelo. Alyosha bafumana ikhusi endlwini esihle, umiwe abafundi zasezidolophini abasokolayo nabalambileyo. Pletnev ebusuku ukusebenza ngaloo mvuzwana 11 eesenti ngobusuku. Alyosha elele emandlalweni wakhe xa waya kusebenza.

Ngumbalisi, Aleksey Peshkov, kusasa amanzi ashushu wabaleka ukuya yokutyela ekufuphi. Pletnev ngexesha leti ufunde imibongo funny, yena waxelela iindaba ezivela kumaphephandaba. Wandula ke waya kulala, kunye Alesha waya pier ye iVolga ukuba isebenze. Urhuqe imithwalo, iinkuni usarhwa. Ngoko Alyosha wahlala ebusika ukuya ekupheleni kwehlobo.

Derenko ne shop

Thina uchaze iziganeko engakumbi ezakha isishwankathelo. "Universities My" uqhubeka ukuba 1884, ekwindla, omnye wabafundi kunye naye, unobalisa eziqhelekileyo, Wamsa Derenkov Andrew Stepanovich. Yaba umnini evenkileni yokutya. Nkqu gendarmes babengazi ukuba indlu ka, iincwadi Andrei Stepanovich lolutsha revolution-nye umlomo zigcinwa isegumbini layo.

Alyosha ngokukhawuleza wenza abahlobo kunye nomnini evenkileni. Wayifunda lukhulu baza bamnceda emsebenzini wakhe. Ebusuku ngokufuthi weni abafundi eliphezulu-esikolweni, abafundi. A bunch kuzo enengxolo. Aba bantu kakhulu yahlukile abo uAlex wayehlala Lower. Bona, njengaye, bamthiya ubomi buthuntu le yoohlohlesakhe kakuhle-wondleke, wayefuna ukuba utshintshe umyalelo okhoyo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, eliseleyo kuhlala Kazan ukususela ababuyileyo ekuthinjweni eSiberia.

Kubonwe izangqa ekuguqukeni

abazana ezintsha babehlala ukukhathazeka ngekamva Russia. Bakhathazekile ukuba bayahlelwa yabantu Russian. Peshkov yempangelo amaxesha ukuba iintetho zabo isandi iingcamango zakhe. Yena inxaxheba kwizangqa yeentlanganiso babeqhuba. Nangona kunjalo, ezi neekomityi kwabonakala unobalisa "kuyakruqula". ngamanye amaxesha Wayecinga wayesazi ngcono kunokuba kakhulu ubomi ootitshala babo. Wayefunde lukhulu oko baxelelwa, ukuba lukhulu ngokwakhe.

Imisebenzi krendelnom iziko semenova

Alexei Peshkov kungekudala emva kwintlanganiso yokuqala kunye Derenkov wazibandakanya kwiziko krendelnoe, eyayikhokelwa bake. Waqalisa ukusebenza apha indawo umbhaki ngogesi. Restaurant kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Alyosha wayengazange usebenze kwiimeko ezinjalo nodandatheko. Kwafuneka ukuba basebenze iiyure ezili-14 ngosuku edakeni kunye nobushushu edengisayo. Working semenova housemate ebizwa ngokuba "arestantikami". Alexei Peshkov ayikwazanga ukwamkela into yokuba benza njalo ngokululama ukuxhaphaza okhohlakeleyo-host. Wayifunda imfihlelo umsebenzi kwiincwadi zakhe esalelweyo. Ndandifuna ukuba ukunika ithemba aba bantu ukuba ingaba ubomi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, Aleksey Peshkov (Gorky). "Iiyunivesithi yam", isishwankathelo leyo kwifomathi i-nqaku kunikwa kuphela ngokwemigaqo ngokubanzi, echaza igumbi ngasese oluqhubekayo.

igumbi Secret kwindawo yokubhaka

Kungekudala Alexei bake ukusuka yokubhaka waya kusebenza ku Derenkov ovule kwivenkile ebhaka izonka. Ingeniso evela obekumele ukuba ukwambatha neenjongo yotshintsho olululo. Alexei Peshkov apha kubeka isonka esibhakiweyo, uxovule intlama, kwaye kusasa, wafaka rolls engobozini ithwala ehla kwindlu ngendlu, ethwele isonka enkantini umfundi. Konke oku uchaza Mxim Gorky ( "Universities My"). Isishwankathelo, siye senza kumele ukuba uyicacise ukuba umfundi ukuba ebutsheni bakhe Gorky waba nomdla kwizinto yotshintsho olululo. Ngoko ke, siphawula ukuba phantsi rolls bakhe amaphetshana, iincwadana, iincwadi, leyo labanika ngokuzolileyo kunye ukubhaka uthile.

igumbi Secret yayimi kwindawo kwivenkile ebhaka izonka. Ezi abantu ababhalelwayo kuphela izaba ukuthenga isonka. Kungekudala Bakery Oku waqalisa beqikelela emapoliseni. ipolisa Nikiforich waba "Intambanane ujikeleza" ngeenxa Alyosha. Wacela kuye malunga iindwendwe yokubhaka, kwakunye neencwadi, afundwa yi Alex, wamcela ukuba kuye.

michael Romas

Xa yokubhaka ndityelele phakathi nabanye abaninzi, Romas Michael Antonovich, uWele Little Russian. Le yaba olubanzi-chested, indoda enkulu kunye iindevu ofuku zaziya kunye intloko zichetywe in Tatar. Wayefudula bahleliyo ekoneni cwaka ndatshaya umbhobho. Michael Antonovich, kunye umbhali Korolenko Vladimir Galaktionovich kutshanje wabuya Yakut links. Wazinza Krasnovidovo, kwilali iVolga ayikho kude Kazan. Apha Romas wavula ivenkile, okuyinto bathengisa impahla cheap. Kwakhona waququzelela wentsebenziswano beentlanzi. kwafuneka ukuba Michael Antonovich ukuya zokuqhubela lula ukuba baqhubeke ze olululo phakathi abalimi, ethi Mxim Gorky ( "Universities My"). Ushwankathe- kuzisa umfundi zibe Krasnovidovo, nto leyo eye wagqiba ukuhamba ngeenyawo.

Alyosha iya Krasnovidovo

Ngowe-1888, ngoJuni, kwelinye lamatyelelo akhe Kazan Romas Alyosha I wacebisa ukuba aye kwilali ukunceda kurhwebo. Michael Antonovich kwakhona wathembisa ukunceda Peshkov bafunde. Ngokuqhelekileyo, Maksimych qho ngoku ekuthiwa Alexei, ndavuma kuyo. Yena akazange ayekele iphupha lakhe izazinzulu. Ngapha koko, ethanda Romas - yakhe cwaka ukuzingisa, ukuzola, cwaka. Alex ukwazi ukuba ukwazi malunga nokuba siyintoni esi hero cwaka.

iintsuku Maksimych ezimbalwa kamva ke waba Krasnovidovo. Yena waba incoko elide kunye Romas ngobusuku yokuqala efikile. Thetha Alexei kakhulu kunene. Oku kwalandela enye ngokuhlwa, xa asondelelene Izivalo, esibanekile isibane egumbini. Michael Antonovich wathi, kunye nabalimi babephulaphule kuye ngenyameko. Alyosha wangena eliphezulu, ndandifunda nzima, funda lukhulu, ahamba lali, wathetha nabalimi bendawo.

umlilo

Uqhubeka ukuchaza iziganeko yobomi bakhe kwinoveli ngokuphila "Universities yam" Ubukrakra. imveliso isishwankathelo lazisa ezona ziphambili.

izityebi Local kunye intloko ayinakuthi Romas babaphatha, ekrokrisayo. Ebusuku, ukuba ndiseke bemlalele, wazama ukuqhushumba eziko yakhe endlwini, yaye ngoko, ekupheleni kwehlobo, evenkileni wayitshisa Romasya zonke iimveliso zayo. Alyosha, xa wabamba umlilo, ibekwe elisezantsi kophahla ngaphezu kwabo bonke bagaleleka ukugcina ibhokisi apho kwakukho iincwadi. Yena phantse wayitshisa ngokwakhe, kodwa thelekelwayo tsiba phandle ngefestile, bujikelwe lwegusha.

evalelisa Romasya

Romas kungekudala emva koko wagqiba nomlilo ukusuka kwidolophana ukuhamba. esithi ndacela indlela kubantu Aliosha eve ngokumka kwakhe, babethwe ukujonga ngokuzola konke konke, sikhumbula ukuba yonke into ethubeleza, utshintsho yonke into ibe ngcono. Nangona Alekseyu Maksimovichu wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Yaba eyomeleleyo, ezinkulu, inkwenkwe nzima kunye namehlo aluhlaza. Kaloku yena wakhulela a iinwele ezinde, yaye musa ukuba protruded kumacala ahlukeneyo lo moya. cheekbones High, ubuso bakhe yaba buthuntu wayengekho mhle. Kodwa uguqulwa, xa Alexei wancuma.

Childhood: impilo Kashirinyh

Xa nenkomo, iqhawe "Universities My" (Gorky), elifutshane kuzo abanomdla umxholo thina, inkwenkwe encinane, umsebenzi umlisela Kashirinykh angamaGypsy (uninakhulu adoptee), wakha wathi kuye ukuba Alyosha "Ezincinane ngumsindo." Kwaye oko ngokwenene. Peshkov waba nomsindo utatomkhulu wakhe xa buhlungu uninakhulu phezu namaqabane akhe xa kakubi ngabo aba buthathaka kwi ngokwemikhosi yabo ngenxa yokunyoluka kwabo, ongwevu, ubomi babo buthuntu. Yena wayekulungele ukulwa kwaye kusoloko imbambano, ayekhalazela yokuba dehumanize, ubomi, ndalisindisa.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, Alex uqala siqonde ukuba ubulumko kagogo wakhe uthe tye akusoloko. Lo mfazi uthe imfuneko ukukhumbula ngokuqinileyo okulungileyo ulibale ezimbi. Noko ke, Alyosha wayevakalelwa kukuba asimele uyilibale, kufuneka ukujongana nayo xa umntu elihlwempu yokonakalisa, uyalibhuqa ubomi bakhe. Ngokuthe ngcembe, intliziyo yakhe yakhula ingqalelo uthando le ndoda yena, ukuhlonipha umsebenzi. Wafuna abantu yonke elungileyo nzima kwakhe ibotshelelwe xa kufunyenwe. Ngoko ke, Alyosha waye ebotshelelwe umakhulu, fun and lwesigypsy ngenene kwi Smouri, negobo iinkuni. Ndadibana nabantu abalungileyo , yaye xa wayesebenza kule elifanelekileyo, kunye Romasya, mna U Derenkova, mna U semenova, Gorky ( "Universities My"). Ushwankathe- ngu sahluko sinika kuphela abalinganiswa abaphambili, ngoko musa ukuchaza thina sonke. Alyosha wamnika owam isithembiso esinyanisekileyo ukukhonza aba bantu.

Njengesiqhelo, le ncwadi wamnceda aqonde izinto ezininzi ebomini, wabachazela, neAlex waqalisa ukunyanga uncwadi ezimandundu, befuna. Yena yobomi ukusuka ebuntwaneni eyenziwa entliziyweni yakhe uvuyo ekumazini yokuqala kunye imisebenzi Lermontov, Pushkin, ngemfesane ethile Yonke iingoma, iintsomi kamakhulu wakhe ...

Ukufunda iincwadi, Alexei Peshkov wayefuna ukuba njengamaqhawe abo, waza wafuna ukuba ukudibana ebomini bam enjalo "elula, umntu osisilumko," ngoko ke bayizisa ukuze uvule indlela, nto leyo eya kuba inyaniso, ngqo kwaye kunzima nje ikrele.

"Universities" Gorky

Iingcinga emfundo ephakamileyo bahlala kude ngasemva. Kwaye wasilela ukwenza Alyosha. "Universities My" (isishwankathelo ayiyithathi indawo umsebenzi ngokwawo) kukho inkcazo indlela "wandwendwela ebomini" endaweni ukufunda eyunivesithi, bafunda abantu ukuba bafumane ulwazi kwizangqa zolutsha nesidima revolution, omninzi yokucinga bakholwa okweSodom ngaloo ndoda entle kakhulu. Life ngokwayo eyunivesithi yakhe. Oku koko wathi wakhe wesithathu elithi Philaretus, kunye esiye savelisa umfundi, isishwankathelo esifutshane echaza - "Universities My". Funda imveliso yokuqala kunokuba malunga 4 h. Khumbula ukuba trilogy ngokuphila ibandakanya ibali ilandelayo: "lwabaNtwana", "Abantu", "Universities My". Isishwankathelo kule minyaka-4 edlulileyo imveliso ichaza ubomi Alekseya Peshkova.