UBeethoven kunye nezinye Abaqambi German

Akukho namnye ilizwe ehlabathini usinike ezininzi abaqambi enkulu, ezifana eJamani. yakudala malunga amaJamani, njengoko abantu abaninzi esinengqiqo pedantic ziwe ukusuka kanobomi kula somculo (Noko ke, nemihobe kakhulu). abaqambi German Bach, Handel, uBeethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Schubert, Arf, Wagner - oku uluhlu olupheleleyo iimvumi abanetalente abaye udale imali okukhulu obukhulu lomculo weli iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.

abaqambi German uJohann Sebastian Bach kunye uJohann Georg Handel, bobabini wazalwa ngo-1685, wazibeka iziseko umculo weklasiki kwaye kwakhokelela iJamani ukuba "umgca ngaphambili" wehlabathi umculo, apho ngaphambili alawulwa Italy. Brilliant Bach, akukaqondwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziqondwa bexesha lakhe, ukuba usibekile isiseko esiluqilima apho kamva wakhulela yonke umculo weklasiki.

I enkulu Abaqambi classical Haydn, onjengokaMozart L.Beethoven nguye ummeli aqaqambe yesikolo Viennese yamandulo - kwicala umculo kwavela XVIII kade - ekuqaleni XIX eminyaka. Igama "Viennese Classics" kuthetha inxaxheba abaqambi Austrian, yaye yintoni Haydn kunye Mozart. Emva kwethutyana ke kwangena Ludwig van uBeethoven - umqambi German (imbali kumazwe angabamelwane inxulumene ngokusondeleyo namanye).

German Great, abafa yindlala kunye wedwa, wafumana ukusilela udumo kunye nelizwe lakhe. German abaqambi Romantic (Schumann, Schubert, Brahms kunye nabanye), kwakunye abaqambi isiJamani abahlaziya ezifana Paul Hindemith, uRichard Strauss, walahlekelwa umsebenzi wakhe ukusuka classicism, Noko ke, qaphela impembelelo bukaBeethoven elikhulu kumsebenzi nayiphi na kuzo.

Ludwig van uBeethoven

UBeethoven wazalelwa eBonn ngo-1770 usapho njengemvumi amahlwempu kunye nokusela. Phezu kwako likhoboka, uyise yakwazi ukubona italente, unyana wakhe omkhulu, waza waqalisa ukubafundisa kuye umculo. Wayefuna ukwenza wesibini Ludwig uMozart (uyise uMozart yayibonisa kuluntu "umntwana mmangaliso" wakhe ngempumelelo kwiminyaka emi-6). Nangona ukuphathwa kakubi uyise, ukunyanzelwa ukujongana kunye nonyana wakhe imini yonke, uBeethoven wayemthanda umculo nangokuzinikela, iminyaka elithoba, wada 'ncane' yakhe yokusebenza, yaye ezilishumi elinanye - yaba organist kwinkundla oncedisayo.

-22, uBeethoven wemka Bonn, waya Vienna, apho izifundo ukusuka womculo Haydn. Kwikomkhulu Austria, lo ke ihlabathi eyaziwayo iziko lobomi zomculo, ngokukhawuleza uBeethoven wafumana udumo njengoko nomdlali virtuoso. Kodwa ke imisebenzi umqambi, ezele neemvakalelo anzima kunye nemidlalo yeqonga, kwakungasoloko into luluntu Viennese. UBeethoven njengendoda, ubambekile "lula" kwabanye - kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezibukhali kwaye rough, novuyo ongalawulekiyo, i udakumbile kunye morose. Ezi mpawu ziye negalelo kwimpumelelo bukaBeethoven ekuhlaleni, yena ingqalelo a ome abanetalente.

Intlekele ubomi bukaBeethoven - yokungeva ngeendlebe. Isifo yenza ubomi bakhe ngakumbi ezivaliweyo ndililolo. Ebuhlungu ngenxa Umqambi ukudala imisebenzi yabo buchopho, yaye soze uve nokubulawa zabo. Ukungeva akazange kwaphula umoya olomeleleyo umninindlu, waqhubeka ukudala. Njengoko sele abazizithulu ngokupheleleyo, uBeethoven ngokwakhe olwenziwe zaqaqamba yakhe 9 Symphony kunye "ode Uvuyo 'idumileyo amazwi Schiller. Power kunye nethemba somculo, ngokukodwa kule meko zibuhlungu ebomini umqambi bakhe, yabengezela kangaka.

Ukususela ngo-1985, uBeethoven kaThixo "ode Uvuyo" kwi unyango Herbert von Karajan yathatyathwa EU umhobe esemthethweni. Romain Rolland wabhala kulo mculo: ". Le lonke uluntu wolula izandla zakhe ezulwini ... nemikhanzi ngayo uvuyo Sehla kanzima ukuba esifubeni sakhe"