UKosta Khetagurov: i-biography ngokufutshane, isithombe, ubuchule beChetagurov Costa Levanovich

U-Kosta Khetagurov, ongu-biography uvakalisa intshisekelo engabonakaliyo yabalandeli be talente yangempela, ngumculi nomdwebi, imbongi kunye nokukhanyisa, iqhayiya lika-Ossetia, umsunguli wolwimi neencwadi zeli lizwe. Kwaye imibongo yaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi.

I-biography kaKosta Khetagurov ngokufutshane: kubantwana

Wazalelwa ngo-Oktobha 15, 1859 kwidolophana yaseNar kwintsapho yaseRussia, uphawu luka Khetagurov Levan. UMama Maria Gubaeva wasweleka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, uyise, iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufa komfazi wakhe, wadala intsapho kunye nentombi yomfundisi wendawo. Ngelishwa, akazange aphumelele ekutshintsheni umntwana nonina kuba wayengenalo uthando kwinkwenkwe engazange ikhwenkwe yakhe. ICosta yayiziva kwaye ihlala izama ukubalekela kumfazi omtsha kayise kude, kumntu osuka kwizihlobo. Ngoko ke, kumsebenzi wembongi, ekukhunjweni apho kukho ubuhlungu bentandane ngonaphakade kunye nokunyanzelwa kwengcinezelo yabantwana, kaninzi kukho umfanekiso womama kunye nokulangazelela kwakhe. Abazali bobabini bathatyathwa nguyise wabo, obizwa ngokuba nguCosta ohloniphekileyo kwaye wanconywa.

UKosta Khetagurov: iminyaka yolwazi

Uqeqesho lomfana lwaqala ngeSikolo saseNarva, kwaye ke iprogymnasium eVladikavkaz, eyanikela isiqalo esihle ekuziphatheni komzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokwakheka kobugcisa bakhe. Ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwindlu yokuzivocavoca, iCosta yagijimela kuyise, owathi wabuyela esifundeni saseKuban ngelo xesha, apho wahlela khona idolophana yaseGeorgievsko-Ossetin (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba nguKosta Khetagurov). Esi senzo senze ukuba umzali alungiselele umfana oseKalanja School, emva koko iCosta iminyaka eyi-10 ukususela ngo-1871, wafunda kwi-Gymnasium yaseStvropol Men, apho uphuhliso lwakhe lwenkcubeko luqhubeka khona. Kukho apha ukuba imilambo yokuqala yombongo ibhaliwe, ekuthi, ngoku, yimisebenzi emibili kuphela egcinwe ngolwimi lwase-Ossetian: "Unyaka omtsha" kunye "nomyeni nomfazi".

Kwisizwe sakhe sase-Ossetia

Ngowe-1881, uKosta Khetagurov, olwazi lwakhe kunye nomsebenzi luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yembali yabantu base-Ossetian, waba ngumfundi we-Academy of Arts yobuPetersburg waza wathola enye yeengcali ezimbini ezihlawulelwe entabeni entle ngokulawulwa kwendawo yaseKuban. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, ukuhlawulwa kweengxowa-mali zezikhulu zaseKuban kwapheliswa; Ngexesha elithile, iCosta yayiya kwiintetho njengomphicothi-zincwadi, ngoko yashiya izifundo zayo ngokupheleleyo. Indoda eselula, ehlala ikulangazelela umhlaba wayo, isiqhelo sayo senkcubeko kunye neelwimi, yagqiba ukubuyela e-Ossetia. Kuze kube ngo-1891 wayehlala eVladikavkaz, wabhala, ngokuyininzi ngesiRashiya, imibongo kunye neenkondlo, wasebenza njengomdwebi kunye nepeyinti yeendawo eziphathekayo. UKosta Khetagurov, ongu-biography ungumzekelo omhle wothando kunye nentlonipho kubantu bakhe, waze wabonisa imizobo yakhe kunye nomculi waseRussia uBabich AG. Kwakhona wahlela iimvumi zomculo kunye nokubhala, kwaye ukususela ngo-1888 wanyatheliswa kwiphepha lezithili "iNorth Caucasus".

UCensorship vs Costa

Njengabantu bonke abanetalente, iKosta kwafuneka ibhekane nokunyanzeliswa. Ngethuba lokuqala uvakalelwa kukuba wayebhalela into engavunyelwe yaya kumbongi xa umbongo ozinikezelwe kwimemori kaMikhail Lermontov wayengavunyelwe ukuprinta. Yapapashwa kamva, iminyaka elishumi kamva kwaye ingaziwa. Ukuphendula ngokuchaneka kucacile ngokwaneleyo: eLermontov, imbongi ibone i-harbinger yenkululeko efunayo eyakhuphula abantu ukuba balwe nentsholongwane. Emva koko, ukunyaniseka kwe-Ossetian kwalo xesha kwakunzima kakhulu: ukungabikho kwamalungelo kunye nentlupheko, ukuxabana kokuziphatha kunye neklasi, ukudandatheka kokomoya kwabantu nokungazi, ukuhamba ukusuka kwinkulungwane ukuya kwinkulungwane. Umbongo othi "UkuLwa kweLwandle", "Ngaphambi kweNkundla", "Fatima", incoko ye-ethnographic "Osoba" yazinikezelwa ekuphononongweni kokuphikisana nokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezihambelanayo. Ngowe-1891, inkululeko yenkululeko emsebenzini kaKosta Khetagurov (i-biography ichazwe ngokufutshane kwiincwadi zezikolo zase-Ossetia) yathunyelwa ezweni elizalwayo iminyaka emi-5.

ICosta yaphoqeleka ukuba ibuyele kwidolophana yaseGeorgievsko-Ossetinsky, apho uyise osekhulile wayehlala khona. Kungenzeka ukuba ixesha elibaluleke kakhulu lobomi bombongo laqala: kwakufuneka anakekele umzali osekhulile, aphile nobomi bomntu olula oye waphonswa ngaphandle kwendawo yoluntu kwaye wayengenalo ithuba lokusebenzisa it talente yakhe nolwazi oluqokelelweyo nasiphi na isizathu esifanelekileyo.

Kwimeko enzima ebomini

Ubomi bakhe bomntu, naye, akukho konke okuhamba kakuhle: u-Anna Tsalikova - intombazana ethandekayo, wagqiba ngokunyanisekileyo. Uyilo lomlobi wabulawa. Emva kokufa kwakhe, uKosta Levanovich Khetagurov, owayehlala ehlangene nobuchule, wayefudukela eStvropol. Ngowe-1893 waba ngumqeshwa wephephandaba "iNorth Caucasus", apho wayesebenza iminyaka emine. Kwakuyixesha elibonakaliswa ngumsebenzi wobumba oomsebenzi wase-Ossetian, ngoko ke le minyaka ingaqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo njengenyathelo eliphambili: ukusuka kwintandlolo engaziwayo uKosta Khetagurov waba ngumfanekiso obhaliweyo wexesha lakhe. Ngowe-1985, iphephandaba lapapasha iqoqo yemisebenzi yakhe: bonke baseRashiya. Kwakhona uKosta Khetagurov, onobomi bakhe obunengqiqo kwisizukulwana seminyaka yonke, naye wabhala ngolwimi lwakhe lwama-Ossetian, kodwa iingqungquthela kulwimi zazingavumelekanga ukuba zipapashwe ngenxa yokungabikho kokushicilelwa kwe-Ossetian nokucinezela njalo.

UKosta Khetagurov: i-biography ngokufutshane

Kungekudala umlobi wagula ngesifo sofuba, wasinda emisebenzini emibini, wasala emva kwabo malunga nesiqingatha sonyaka eboshwe embhedeni. Esi sifo asizange sichithwe ngokupheleleyo, impilo yayinganyanzelwanga, kodwa iCosta, nangona ubunzima bezinto ezibonakalayo, yazama ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimpilo yobhali kwaye yaqhubeka iphende.

Ngomnyaka we-1899 uKosta Khetagurov, onobumba bakhe obunxulumene ngqo nenkcubeko yabantu base-Ossetian, waya eKherson - kwindawo elandelayo yokuthunjwa. Isixeko asizange simthande, kwaye wacela ukuba atshintshele kwenye indawo, eya kuba nguOchakov. Kulapha apho wafunda ukuba uVladikavkaz wayepapashe iqoqo yeengoma zakhe zase-Ossetian "Ossetian Lira". Ebusika ngo-1899, umbongi wachazwa ngokuphela kokuthinjwa, ngoko ke wabuyela eStvropol, enqwenela ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi kwiphephandaba: ukunyathelisa kwakhe kwaba nzima nakakhulu. Umbhali uthatha inxaxheba esebenzayo kuyo yonke imicimbi yenkcubeko nemfundo yesikali sendawo, usebenza kwimifanekiso, isebenza kwimbongo ethi "Khetag". Izicwangciso ukuvula isikolo sokudweba kubantwana abanesiphiwo kwaye sisebenze njengomhleli kumaphephandaba iKazbek. Nangona kunjalo, iiplaniose zakhe zazikhusela lesi sifo, ekugqibeleni savala imbongi ukuba silale. Ekubeni imali yokuba khona kweCosta yayingekhoyo (ngamanye amaxesha kwakudingeka ukucela isinkwa kubahlobo), kodwa iimeko zempilo zahlahlakeleka, umbongi, owayefuna unonophelo kunye nokunakekelwa ngokunyamekileyo, wathatyathwa kwidolophana nodadewabo. Ngaphantsi kwesigqeba sakhe, waphila iminyaka emithathu; Ngeli xesha elinzima, iCosta ayikwazanga ukubuyela kwimisebenzi yakhe yokudala.

Umlobi wasweleka ngo-Ephreli 1, 1906. Emva koko, umlotha wakhe wathunyelwa eVladikavkaz.

Ilifa lokudala likaKosta Khetagurov

Emva kokufa kukaKosta Khetagurov wenza ukuba kucace ukuba umntu onomdla ongaqhelekanga, isakhono kunye nesibindi esishiyekile, eshiya emva kwelifa elidala lokudala. Ngemisebenzi yakhe ebhalwe ngeziilwimi zaseRashiya nase-Ossetian, uKosta Khetagurov, umsebenzi wakhe owawuthandwa kakhulu ngabalandeli bakhe, wathetha ngokuchasene nokucinezelwa kwezizwe zaseCaucasus kwaye wavikela isidima sabo sesizwe. Wabhenela abantu belizwe kunye neengcamango zokuziqonda kunye nelifa elidaliweyo labantu baseRashiya, yayingqinelana nobunye bunyanya babantu bamazwe omabini.

UKosta Khetagurov, ophethe i-biography epheleleyo enexesha elibuhlungu kakhulu, naye wayengumdwebi oyingcali ye-Ossetian; Kwimizobo yakhe enekhono elikhulu yabonisa ubomi babantu abaqhelekileyo, babhala imihlaba yeentaba zaseCaucasus kunye neefowraiti zabameli abakhulu bexesha lakhe.

Ibhaso eliphambili: uthando lwabantu

Inqaku lokuqwalaselwa ngokuphandle kwabaphandi abaninzi bezinto zokudala nezentlalontle yomlobi omkhulu. Wafaka izikhumbuzo ezinkulu kwii-capitals zaseMzantsi naseNorth Ossetia, igama lakhe labizwa ngokuba yiyona nkulu yeNyuvesi yaseNorth Ossetian State University. Igama leCosta lwakhiwe ngamacandelo, izitalato, iinqanawa, iimyuziyam kunye nemivuzo yombuso. UKosta Levanovich Khetagurov, owakhe ubuqhetseba obuqhayisa kakhulu abantu base-Ossetian, bafanelwe umvuzo obaluleke kakhulu: uthando lwakhe olungapheliyo.