Esimi zehlabathi lwezibonelelo zendalo (jonga itheyibhile)

Subject "Geography kwemithombo yendalo behlabathi" - enye yeengxaki esembindini kwi zifundo lwesifundo. Yintoni na imithombo yendalo? Zeziphi iintlobo zazo ezabiwa kwaye nendlela zisasazwe umhlaba? Yintoni abazimisele esimi kwezibonelelo zendalo ehlabathini? Funda ngayo kweli nqaku.

Yintoni na imithombo yendalo?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni uphuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye uqoqosho ngamnye amazwe esimi kwemithombo yendalo ehlabathini. Le ngcamango nga kungatolikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngengqiqo ebanzi - yinto yonke entsonkothileyo kwempahla zendalo efunekayo umntu. Ngengqiqo elimxinwa kwemithombo yendalo ithetha ukuhlanganiswa imvelaphi yendalo kwempahla, elinokuba njengemithombo wemveliso.

imithombo yethu yendalo nje kusetyenziswa kumsebenzi yezoqoqosho. Ngaphandle kwabo, enyanisweni, akunakuba ubukho umphakathi wabantu hlobo. Enye yeengxaki ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ezingxamisekileyo yejografi mihla esimi kwezibonelelo zendalo ehlabathini (Grade 10 kwisikolo samabanga aphezulu). Ufundo lo mbuzo ababandakanyekayo bobabini zejografi kunye noqoqosho.

Ukuhlelwa kobutyebi bendalo bomhlaba

imithombo yendalo Planet kaThixo zihlelwa ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, isixa exhaustible kwaye pholisa, ehlaziyekayo, non-angahlaziyekiyo, kwakunye ngokungaphelelanga ewuhlaziyayo. Ngomhla amathuba okusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo yahlulwe ezifektri, kulimo, amandla, ezolonwabo nokhenketho, njalo-njalo. D.

Ngokutsho yokuhlela yemfuza kwezibonelelo zendalo ziquka:

• ezimbiwayo;
• zwe;
• amanzi;
• namahlathi;
• eziphilayo (kubandakanywa izibonelelo ezilwandle);
• amandla;
• kwemozulu;
• yolonwabo.

Iimpawu lonikezelo langa lwezixhobo zokusebenza zendalo

Ziziphi iimpawu thaca imithombo yendalo kwihlabathi geography likaThixo? Indlela zisasazwe umhlaba?

Ngoko nangoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imithombo yendalo yehlabathi zabiwa edyokhweni kakhulu phakathi States. Ngoko ke, emazweni ambalwa (afana iRashiya, i-USA okanye Australia), uhlobo anikwe uluhlu olubanzi kwezimbiwa. Abanye (isi, Japan okanye Moldova) kufuneka ukuba unokunganeliseki amabini kuphela okanye ezintathu iintlobo zezixhobo kwezimbiwa ekrwada.

Ngokubhekisele umthamo ngesifo sephepha, ukusetyenziswa lizwe malunga nama-70% kwemithombo yendalo yehlabathi of Western eYurophu, USA, Canada kunye Japan, nto leyo akahlali ngaphezu alithoba ekhulwini labemi behlabathi. Kodwa iqela kumazwe asaphuhlayo, nama 60% yabantu ehlabathini, liyigqibele%-15 pesenti yeziveliso zendalo-langa.

Esimi kwemithombo yendalo ehlabathini lazo, kungekhona nje ngokuphathelele izimbiwa. On ehlathini, umhlaba kunye namanzi nezibonelelo lwelizwe yaye amazwekazi, kakhulu, zahluke kakhulu omnye komnye. Ngoko ke, inkoliso kwamanzi aphilileyo planethi buzinze umkhenkce e Antarctica Greenland - elinabemi ubuncinane kwimimandla. Ngelo xesha, kumazwe amaninzi Afrika lifumana kunqongophala nokoyika amanzi okusela.

Ezifana kwendawo olungalinganiyo lwezibonelelo zendalo ehlabathini onyanzelisa kumazwe amaninzi ukusombulula ingxaki yaso ukunqongophala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye ukukwenza oko Ngoncedo imali esebenzayo yemisebenzi yokuhlola yedeskthopi, abanye umgaqo iteknoloji ezonga umbane lwamva kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa eziphathekayo imveliso yawo.

World imithombo yendalo (neeminerali) kunye usasazo

Izimbiwa - amacandelo zendalo (izinto) ezisetyenziswa ekuvelisweni womntu okanye umbane. ibalulekile kuqoqosho naliphi na ilizwe izimbiwa. Xa uqweqwe iplanethi yethu iqulethe malunga namakhulu amabini izimbiwa. 160 kubo ngenkuthalo misela ukuba umntu. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela nakubungakanani nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo kwezimbiwa zahlulwe iintlobo:

• amafutha kunye namandla (njenge-oyile, amalahle, nja-);
• esikrwada (nickel, inkcenkce, intsimbi , njl);
• Lokubolekwa (ekrwada izinto kushishino kwemichiza le, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, ulwakhiwo, njalo njalo. N.).

Mhlawumbi wokumbiwa resource ubalulekileyo namhlanje ioli. Oku kufanele ngokuba "igolide black" ngenxa yakhe (kwaye zigcinwa kule mini), iimfazwe ezinkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-oyile ubuxoki kunye irhasi ehamba yendalo. Imimandla ephambili ukuba nezokukhupha ezi zibonelelo ehlabathini - Western eSiberia, Alaska, Texas, kuMbindi Mpuma, Mexico. Enye fuel resource - yi amalahle (black and brown). Le efunyenwe kumazwe amaninzi (ngaphezu kwama-70).

imithombo yezimbiwa Ore ziquka intsimbi, isiseko kunye amatye anqabileyo. iidipozithi wejoloji ezi minerals basoloko edityaniswe ngokucacileyo kwimimandla panels crystalline - lunamaqoqo isiseko amaqonga.

imithombo yezimbiwa Non-ebuntsimbi zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Umzekelo, igranite asbestos esetyenziswa kwishishini lokwakha, iityuwa potassium - ekuvelisweni izichumisi, carbon - ngamandla enyukliya, njl iinkcukacha ngasezantsi ibonisa esimi kwezibonelelo zendalo ehlabathini ... Le theyibhile iquka uluhlu izimbiwa ezibaluleke kakhulu yaye bafuna emva.

imithombo Land and yindawo yabo

Land - enye izibonelelo ibalulekileyo yomhlaba kunye naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini. Phantsi le ngcamango ithetha yinxalenye komhlaba kwindawo elimiweyo, ukwakhiwa kunye nezolimo. World umhlaba ngxowa - 13 billion ngehektare. Oku kuquka:

• amahlathi kunye tshitshilili (31%);
• amadlelo kunye amadlelo (24%);
• umhlaba olimekayo nasemasimini (11%);
• imizi izwe okuhlala, iindlela kunye nezinye izakhiwo (3%);
• umhlaba balala emqokozweni (28%).

Amazwe athile umhlaba ezahlukeneyo. Abanye baye zokulenza a esisibona umhlaba ongenanto (Russia, Ukraine), ngelixa abanye va ukunqongophala nokoyika isithuba mahala (Japan, Denmark). Kakhulu isasazwe edyokhweni umhlaba wezolimo: malunga ne-60% ye-akhawunti umhlaba olimekayo kwihlabathi ngenxa Eurasia, kanti e-Australia -% 3 kuphela.

imithombo yamanzi kunye nokwakheka kwaso lwabo

Amanzi - kakhulu eqhelekileyo kunye neeminerali ubalulekileyo ehlabathini. Kungenxa kobu bomi basemhlabeni ezelwe, nokuba amanzi kubalulekile iyileyo izinto eziphilayo. Phantsi kwezibonelelo zamanzi umhlaba kuthetha bonke ubuso amanzi komhlaba, ezisetyenziswa ngumntu, okanye isetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo. Ezithandwa kakhulu ngamanzi ahlaziyekileyo. Lusetyenziswa ekhaya, emsebenzini kunye kwicandelo lezolimo. Fresh flow lomlambo likhulu iwela ku Asia and Latin America, kwaye ubuncinane - to Australia nase-Afrika. Omnye kwisithathu belizwe eli hlabathi ingxaki amanzi kakhulu sibi.

Amazwe amaninzi lukhuselekile ukuba oovimba behlabathi amanzi nokufreshi neBrazil, iRashiya, Canada, China nase-United States. Amahlanu kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo amanzi acocekileyo na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Yemen ukuba amkhaphele phesheya kweYordan.

imithombo Forest nokwakheka kwaso lwabo

Amahlathi zidla ngokuba "emiphungeni" iplanethi yethu. Kwaye zityalwa. Ngapha koko, badlala imozulu ebalulekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa amanzi, indima ukuzonwabisa. Kwehlathi izibonelelo ziquka amaplanga yoqobo kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zabo luncedo - zokuzikhusela, yolonwabo, unyango, etc ...

Ngokutsho manani, malunga nama-25% yomhlaba koMhlaba ehlanganiswa amahlathi. Abaninzi kubo iwela ebizwa ngokuba 'ibhanti ihlathi emantla ", oko kuquka amazwe afana ne-Russia, eKhanada, eUnited States, Sweden, Finland.

Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa amazwe ukuba ziinkokheli ngokwemigaqo yehlathi ukugubungela imimandla yabo;

izibonelelo zebhayoloji le planethi

izibonelelo zebhayoloji - zonke izinto izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, ezisetyenziswa ngumntu ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Okunye ezifunwayo namhlanje ukuba imithombo floristic. Lonke ihlabathi, kukho malunga namawaka amathandathu iintlobo zezityalo olinywayo. Kulo mzekelo, nekhulu enye kuphela kubo asasazwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ukongeza izityalo, abantu basoloko bengabafuyi okanye iinkukhu, esebenzisa iintsholongwane zenzi kwezolimo kunye namashishini.

izibonelelo zebhayoloji uhlobo ewuhlaziyayo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela asebenzisa ngayo ngoku, maxa wambi karhataka yokugula-ayiqondwa abanye babo engozini yokutshabalala.

Esimi kwemithombo yendalo ehlabathini: imiba yokusingqongileyo

uhlobo Modern waphawulwa ngezinto eziliqela iingxaki ezinkulu kokusingqongileyo. imisebenzi yemigodi Active kungcolisa kuphela isibhakabhaka nomhlaba, kodwa kuyayitshintsha kakhulu kumphezulu womhlaba, ukutshintsha ezinye kwinkangeleko ngaphaya ingqalelo.

Ngawaphi amazwi enxulumene geography mihla kwezibonelelo zendalo ehlabathini? Ungcoliseko, luya, intshabalalo ... Ngelishwa, yinyaniso. Amawaka eehektare yehlathi ngonyaka uyanyamalala ebusweni iplanethi yethu. Ukuzingela ngaphandle kwemvume utshabalalisa ezinqabileyo ziintlobo ezisengozini zezilwanyana. Industry Heavy contaminates iintsimbi zomhlaba kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ngokungxamisekileyo jikelele ukutshintsha imbono yokuziphatha kwabantu nendalo. Kungenjalo, ikamva impucuko zehlabathi akayi kukhangela kamnandi kakhulu.

Le mba we "sisiqalekiso resource"

"Le indida yendyebo" okanye "isiqalekiso resource" - ekuthiwa mkhuba lwezoqoqosho, nanto leyo laliqulunqwe kuqala ngo-1993 yi-Richard Auty. Undoqo kule ziyenzeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: amazwe kunye elula kwezixhobo zendalo, njengoko umthetho, esibonakala ukukhula koqoqosho ephantsi kunye nophuhliso. Ngenxa yoko, i "ihlwempu" kwimithombo yendalo yelizwe kwimpumelelo koqoqosho.

Imizekelo engqina le yokucinga, ngenene kakhulu ehlabathini namhlanje. Kuba okokuqala malunga amazwe 'isiqalekiso resource "waqalisa ukuthetha emva kwi-80 lwekhulu yokugqibela. sele Abanye abaphandi umkhondo kwimisebenzi yakhe kulo mkhuba.

Osoqoqosho ukuchonga izizathu ezininzi ezingundoqo kule meko:

• ukungabikho ukuzimisela abasemagunyeni ukuba baqhube iinguqu esebenzayo kuyimfuneko;
• uphuhliso yorhwaphilizo izixhobo karhulumente ngokusekelwe 'imali lula ";
• kuncitshiswa ekukwazini kwamanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho, izinto ezo kakhulu "libotshelelwe 'ukuba imithombo yendalo.

isiphelo

Esimi kwemithombo yendalo eli hlabathi kolwabelo olungalinganiyo. Oku kusebenza kuzo phantse zonke iintlobo zabo - izimbiwa, amandla, ilizwe, amanzi, ehlathini.

Ezinye lithi ziye oovimba elikhulu izimbiwa, kodwa amandla bezimbiwa resource namanye amazwe umda nzulu kunye nje ezimbalwa izimvo zabo. Noko ke, igatya ezizodwa kwezibonelelo zendalo ayisoloko ngqiniseko umgangatho ophezulu wokuphila, uphuhliso loqoqosho ye kwilizwe elithile. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi le amazwe afana ne-Russia, eUkraine, Kazakhstan kunye nabanye. Le nto ke iye wada wenza igama layo kuqoqosho - i "sisiqalekiso resource".