Vikings babehlala phi? Ngoobani aba Vikings?

Iziganeko emangalisa kakhulu embalini ngokufanelekileyo kuqwalaselwa intaba i Vikings, njengoko bona ngokwabo linokubizwa ngokuba amanani ezinomdla kakhulu kwixesha ukusuka IX ukuya kwinkulungwane XI. Igama elithi "Viking" kalukhuni, ndoxelelwa ngubani lithetha "edada elwandle." Ngolwimi lweenkobe kuzo ngokusemthethweni "Vik" lithetha "Fjord", ngokoluvo wethu "Bay". Ngoko ke, imithombo abaninzi baye watolika igama elithi "Viking" ngokuthi "ngumntu bay." A umbuzo yi "? Ke Vikings uhlala phi na" Iya kuba kanye njengokuba awungeni njengoko ngoluvo lokuba i "Viking" yaye "Nordic" - iyafana. Kwimeko yokuqala sithetha ngayo umsebenzi womntu, elinesibini - sokubandakanyeka abantu ethile.

Ngokubhekiselele yelo kwiqela elithile uhlanga, kunokwenzeka ukuba kube nzima, njengoko Vikings ezinza kwi ezinabantu, efunxa zonke "iimpahla" yengingqi kwakunye nitye phezu inkcubeko kula mazwe. Kunjalo wathi nezihloko zanikwa "abantu ezinqabileyo" lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo. Yonke into kwakuxhomekeke indawo apho ahlala khona Vikings. Normans, Vikings, Danes, Russ - amagama afana ukufumana i "umkhosi ulwandle" akubo ngonaphakade entsha apho lako.

Iintsomi ezininzi kunye iingcamango ezidadayo abalinganiswa ngeenxa enemibala zembali, nto leyo into Vikings. Apho sasihlala abahlaseli noNorman ukwenza, kodwa amaphulo zabo kuphangwa, nokuba ukwenza nantoni na ngaphandle kwabo bonke - imibuzo ebixhamla ubuncwane kunene, ababhali-mbali yokuthuthumbisa intloko unanamhla. Noko ke, namhlanje sinako lisenza iingcamango ubuncinane ezisixhenxe malunga "bakhona yeYurophu."

Unya leswo ukoyisa

Ezishukumayo ezininzi, iincwadi kunye nezinye izinto zokuzonwabisa Vikings kubonakala kuthi njengoko bakhona anamagazi Andiqondi ukuba ubomi bam ngaphandle imihla onamathela izembe lwakhe ukhakhayi komntu.

Unobangela yokuqala amaphulo emkhosini Norman wakhonza njengoko nobuninzi zala mazwe Nordic, apho wayehlala khona Vikings. Plus leyo imizalwane feuding rhoqo. Omabini kwanyanzeleka ukuba inxalenye enkulu yabantu, ukuba aye kukhangela ubomi obungcono. A ukuphanga umlambo waba nto kodwa ibhonasi indlela yabo nzima. Ngokwendalo, imizi ezimbi enqatyisiweyo yaseYurophu baba lixhoba lula babebhala. Noko ke, njengokuba kwabanye abantu - i-French, amaBritane, Arabhu kunye nabanye, nto leyo nayo akazange ngoyaba gazi ngenxa ezipokothweni zabo. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba konke oku kwenzeka kumaXesha Aphakathi, kunye nendlela ukuzuza linomtsalane ngokulinganayo ukuba abameli iintlanga ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye ke usitya yesizwe kwegazi akukho nto yakwenza.

obungako

Enye ingxelo ukuba Vikings kabi konke kodwa yena - naye ezilahlekisayo. Enyanisweni, izizwe bangase Ndingathanda ukuthatha eli thuba le iindwendwe of Normans, nokuba ukujoyina izintlu zabo. iingxelo ezininzi zembali ukuqinisekisa ukuba phakathi Vikings akwazi ukuhlangabezana isiFrentshi, Italian kunye Russian. Umzekelo ahlale kummandla Nordic Ansgar - isithunywa Louis bosuku - le yenye kububungqina Vikings iindwendwe. Kwakhona khumbula Ningabameli Arab Ibn Fadlan - kuba eli bali kwenziwa umboniso, "Le iQhawe 13".

Abahlala yaseScandinavia

Noko ke, phezu kwazo izimvo ngentla, i Vikings nenani yaseScandinavia - kuba yimpazamo profound, nto leyo wachaza into yokuba Vikings ayehlala eGreenland, eIceland kunye neFransi, kwaye yamandulo. Ngokwayo Kuluvo lokuba bonke "abantu umfula" weza evela yaseScandinavia - impazamo.

Apho Vikings wahlala kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni - umbuzo ndawo, njengokuba yena "uluntu zaselwandle" enokubandakanya beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo, esuka kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukumkani French wanika lula belizwe Vikings, ngubani ukubonga ukuya ngentsimbi lokukhulisa French xa wahlasela utshaba ukusuka 'phandle. " Kudla ngokuthi ezi izitha Vikings avela kwamanye amazwe. Hi ndlela leyi, ke injalo into igama "eNormandy".

savages ezimdaka, maqaba

Enye misstep ezininzi abadlali-luvo leminyaka edlulileyo - umfanekiso Viking njengabantu ezimdaka, ezingenalusini zasendle. Kwakhona, oku kuyinyaniso. Ukucikideka ke le - ifumana leyo aqokelelwa ngexesha kukugrumba kwiindawo ngeendawo apho wayehlala khona Vikings.

Nezipili, bamanqatha, ibhafu - zonke ezi yokutyiwa iinkcubeko zamandulo ezifumaneka ngexesha zamaqula, kwaqinisekiswa ukuba Normans aba abantu ucoceko. Kwaye ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zitsalwe nje kuphela eSweden, Denmark, kodwa eGreenland, eIceland, kunye namanye amazwe, kuquka Sarskoye udonga lokungqinga, apho Vikings wahlala phezu kweenxweme iVolga, elalise kummandla Russia yamandulo. Plus yonke enye into, ayikho case enqabileyo xa efumaneka kwaye iintsalela isepha, isandla wenza ngokusemthethweni ngokwabo. Kwakhona kubonisa joke lwabo ucoceko British ejikelezayo: ". Le Vikings aba chistyuli nkqu ngokuhlamba uye kanye ngeveki" Musa buhlungu ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba abamhlophe ngokwabo kakhulu ngaphantsi watyelela geza.

dvuhmetrovye blondes

Enye ingxelo lobuxoki, njengoko izidumbu imizimba Vikings eziphikisanayo. Abo gorhandini ende kunye iinwele mhlophe, enyanisweni, ekukhuleni ifikelele ezona ngeesentimitha eziyi-170. Izihluma phezu kwentloko aba bantu babe imibala eyahlukileyo. Inye kuphela into ayinakuphikiswa - kodwa akukhethayo uhlobo iinwele bona ngokwabo Normans. Oku kwenziwa lusetyenziso of Umbala isepha okhethekileyo.

Vikings ne Ancient Rus

Kwelinye icala, kukholelwa ukuba Vikings zinempembelelo ngqo kwi ngokusekwa naseRussia njengohlobo ngamandla amakhulu. Kwelinye icala, kukho imithombo ukuba ndinga- umthendeleko nasiphi na isiganeko kwimbali ye nokuxubana yamandulo. Ingakumbi impikiswano ukuqonda mbali lilungu Scandinavians Rurik, kwaye vice versa. Noko ke, igama Rurik kufuphi Norman Rerek - wabelithiyiwe amakhwenkwe amaninzi yaseScandinavia. Kunjalo enokuthethwa Oleg, Igor - izalamane zakhe kunye nonyana wakhe. Kunye nomfazi wakhe Olga. Khawukhangele nje kunezixhobo Norman zabo - Helge Ingvar, ukumfundela.

imithombo emininzi (phantse yonke) sibeke ngamxhelo mnye ubunini Vikings kukubi lweCaspian kunye Black Seas. Ukongeza ukudada ukuba i Caliphate, ngokusemthethweni wasebenzisa ekudibaneni Dnieper, iVolga River kunye neminye imilambo ezininzi uphuma kwi kummandla Russia yamandulo. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuphawulwe kunye nobukho imicimbi yorhwebo entsimini Sarskoye yokuhlala, apho Vikings wahlala phezu iVolga. Ukongeza, ezi zisoloko zikhankanywa kunye kuphangwa, sikhatshwe iphanga kummandla Staraya Ladoga, Gnezdovo iindonga zokungqinga, nayo leyo engqina ubukho zokuhlala kummandla ngokusemthethweni amandulo. Kwenzeka ukuba, igama elithi "Russia" wayibhala Vikings. Nkqu i "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" yathi ukuba "Rurik weza lonke Rus 'yakhe.

Indawo ngqo apho Vikings waphila - ngasechwebeni iVolga okanye hayi - ingongoma moot. Eminye imithombo ukukhankanya ukuba zisekelwe ilungelo ecaleni iinqaba zabo. Abanye bathi Normans zathanda isithuba cala phakathi kwamanzi kunye nemizi ezinkulu.

Leempondo ntloko zazo

Kwaye enye ukungaqondi kuba phambi leempondo encotsheni isinxibo umkhosi ngokusemthethweni. Ngokuba zonke zembiwa uphando kwimimandla eyayihlala Vikings ntloko wafunyanwa iimpondo, ngaphandle enye, nto leyo ifumaneka kwenye amangcwaba ngokusemthethweni.

Kodwa ityala ekwanti akuthethi ukunika izizathu ukuba gabalala enjalo. Nangona lo mfanekiso ezinokuchazwa ngenye indlela. Yaba luncedo gqitha ukuba bammise ihlabathi lamaKristu Vikings, kuquka nabo inzala boMtyholi. Kwaye yonke inento yokwenza kuSathana, amaKristu isizathu uye neempondo ngokuyimfuneko.