Yintoni isayensi? Iindlela beeSayensi zeNdalo

Kweli hlabathi kukho amawaka zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo, iinkalo zemfundo, amacandelo kunye nezinye iiyunithi zezakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi bonke abahlala abo anxulumene ngqo emntwini konke eziyingqongileyo nto. Le inkqubo nenzululwazi yezobugqi. Kakade ke, zonke ezinye iinkalo nayo ibalulekile. Kodwa eli qela sele imvelaphi mandulo kakhulu, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kubaluleke ngokukodwa kubomi babantu.

Yintoni isayensi?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo ulula. Zizo ezi nkalo ukuba abafunda impilo yomntu, kwakunye bume liphela: umhlaba, emoyeni, uMhlaba liphela, yonke, uhlobo, izinto ezenza yonke umzimba eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, utshintshwano zabo.

Uphononongo of Sciences zendalo umdla kubantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Indlela ukuba balahle sifo, ukusuka apho ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kutheni iinkwenkwezi ezikhanya, yaye yintoni abamele, kwakunye nezigidi ezi miba - le nto abantu abanomdla ukususela kwasekuqaleni ukwenzeka kwayo. Iimpendulo zale ukunika uqeqesho zihlasela.

Ngoko ke, lo mbuzo oko kukuthi iinzululwazi zendalo, impendulo engagungqiyo. Kuyinto isiyalo izifundo indalo kwaye zonke izinto eziphilayo.

ngezigaba

Kukho amaqela ezininzi ezinkulu, ziphantsi iinzululwazi zendalo zezi:

1. Chemical (analytical, organic, ezingaphiliyo, umyinge, imichiza fizkolloidnaya, imichiza iikhompawundi organometallic).
2. ZeBhayoloji (nokwakheka, amalungu, Botany, ngezilwanyana, genetics).
3. Physical (physics, chemistry ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neeSayensi zeMathematika).
4. sciences Earth (ngeenkwenkwezi, isayensi, bathi, astrochemistry, ibhayoloji space).
5. Inzululwazi amaqokobhe komhlaba (zamanzi, meteorology, mineralogy, kwesayensi, geography emzimbeni, yokuma).

Nazi inzululwazi nje ezisisiseko. Noko ke, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ngamnye kubo yayo sub-amacandelo ngabantakwabo, kwicala loshishino kunye ayale amanyeneyo. Kwaye xa udibanisa kunye bonke bephela, ungafumana lonke uluhlu zenzululwazi zendalo, iinombolo kumakhulu leeyunithi.

Kulo mzekelo, oku kwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela amakhulu amathathu zifundo:

• izicelo;
• achaze;
• ichanekile.

Intsebenziswano phakathi izifundo

Kakade ke, akukho ngqeqesho omnye azizimelanga zodwa geqe evela kwabanye. Bonke bephela kwi intsebenziswano enkulu oluhle omnye nomnye, ukwakha izakhiwo enye. Umzekelo, i-biology ulwazi ibiya kuba akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa ukwenziwa isekelwe physics.

Kulo inguqu eziphilayo Izidalwa phando akwenzeki ngaphandle ulwazi chemistry, ngokuba wonke umzimba - kukuthi mveliso reactions zisenzeka amakhulu ngesantya.

Ukuzalana iinzululwazi zendalo belisoloko umkhondo. Ngokwembali, ukuze uphuhliso omnye wabo kuqulathe ukukhula olunzulu kunye nokwanda kolwazi ukuya kwenye. Ngokukhawuleza waqalisa ukuhlola kumazwe ezintsha, ukufumana siqithi, iindawo zomhlaba, ngoko kanye ziphuhlisiwe kwaye ngezilwanyana, kunye Botany. Ngapha koko, zokuhlala ezintsha abantu (nangona ingengabo bonke) amalungu ezazingaziwa lonke uhlanga lwabantu. Ngoko ke, ngokusondeleyo kwadityaniswa geography eziphilayo.

Ukuba sithethe ngeenkwenkwezi iinkalo ezinxulumeneyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhankanya yokuba beziphuhliswe ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu kummandla zemvelo chemistry. Ukwakhiwa ezinjengeetelescope ubukhulu becala ukuqinisekisa impumelelo kulo mmandla.

Imizekelo yabantu abanjalo. Bonke Zibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi zonke iinzululwazi zendalo enza iqela elinye ezinkulu. Ezantsi siza kuqwalasela iindlela zenzululwazi zendalo.

yenze uphando

Phambi azinze phezu iindlela zophando esetyenziswa yi leyona ekuthethwa bakhangele izinto ukufunda. Zezi:

• abantu;
• yokuphila;
• Yonke;
• mba;
• Earth.

Nganye kwezi zinto uneempawu zawo, yaye ezinye indlela kufuneka zikhethwe isifundo sawo. Phakathi kwazo, njengoko umthetho, zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukuqwalasela - enye yeendlela ezininzi alula asebenzisayo yamandulo ukuqonda ihlabathi.
2. Linga - ngokusekelwe chemistry, inkoliso wenzululwazi yebhayoloji ngokwasemzimbeni. Ikuvumela ukuba ufumane isiphumo kwaye ukuba ukugqiba ukuba isiseko theoretical component.
3. Uthelekiso - Le ndlela isekelwe ukusetyenziswa kolwazi efunde ngokwembali kwi kwisifundo esithile baze bathelekise kuzo kunye neziphumo. Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo iqukumbela ezintsha, umgangatho kunye nezinye iimpawu into.
4. Uhlalutyo. Lendlela ziquka ucikizeko zemathematika, systematics, ukusebenza gabalala. Amaxesha amaninzi is final emva uthotho kwezinye izifundo.
5. Umlinganiselo - ingasetyenziswa ukuqikelela i parameters yezinto ezithile ziyaphila kunye nohlobo ezingaphiliyo.

Kukho kwakhona i yakutshanje, iindlela zophando mihla ezisetyenziswa physics, chemistry, amayeza, eziphilayo ubunjineli yemfuza, imfuza, kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi ebalulekileyo. Zezi:

• elektroniki kunye laser microscopy;
• centrifugation;
• Uhlalutyo ezinto;
• X-reyi kwesakhiwo ;
• spectrometry;
• chromatography kunye nabanye.

Kakade ke, oku asikokuphela kwayo. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo ukusebenza kuyo yonke indawo ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Yonke into ifuna indlela ngamnye, yaye ngenxa yoko kwasekwa iseti ubuchule, oomatshini ezikhethiweyo kunye nezixhobo.

Iingxaki Modern of Science Natural

Iingxaki eziphambili inzululwazi zendalo kwi langoku inqanaba lophuhliso - ke ukufuna ulwazi olutsha, ukuqokelela ulwazi theoretical ngendlela kakhulu-nzulu, format ifumile. Phambi kokuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX izifundo ngxaki iphambili kuxoxwa yaba longquzulwano kumacandelo wobuntu.

Namhlanje, Noko ke, xihinga ayisekho ezifanelekileyo, ngokuba abantu bafumanise ukubaluleka ukuhlanganiswa ahlukeneyo utshontsha ulwazi womntu, indalo, indawo kunye nezinye izinto.

Ngoku, ngaphambi kokuba inzululwazi iinkalo umjikelo yendalo exabisa ingxaki ezahlukeneyo: ukulondoloza indlela indalo kwaye awukhusele impembelelo yemisebenzi yabantu yezoqoqosho? Kwaye iingxaki kakhulu embi:

• asidi;
• abamba;
• ukutshatyalaliswa ozone;
• zanyamalala lweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana;
• ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nabanye.

eziphilayo

Kwiimeko ezininzi, impendulo yombuzo "Yintoni na inzululwazi?" nangoko qatha engqondweni igama elinye - biology. Loo uluvo uninzi lwabantu akadibananga kwinzululwazi. Kwaye uluvo ntiyiso ngokupheleleyo. Ngapha koko, into ayikho ibhayoloji, ngokungqalileyo yaye ngokusondeleyo kakhulu idibanisa uhlobo ndoda?

Zonke iinkalo ezenza lo inzululwazi, ejoliswe ukufunda zezinto eziphilayo kunye nonxibelelwano lwabo omnye nomnye kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kuyinto ke ngoko yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba Izazi bakholelwa ngunozala iinzululwazi zendalo.

Ukongeza, ke kwakhona omnye kakhulu yamandulo. Ngapha koko, nomdla wabantu kuye, umzimba wakhe, izityalo ezingqongileyo kunye nezilwanyana kwakuvela nendoda. Ngengqeqesho efanayo ngokusondeleyo ezinxulumene yemfuza, amayeza, Botany, ngezilwanyana, ukwakheka komzimba. Zonke ezi mveliso ezenza eziphilayo ngokubanzi. Zisinika uluvo olupheleleyo uhlobo yomntu, zonke iinkqubo eziphilayo eziphilayo.

Chemistry Physics

Le ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lolwazi malunga imizimba, izinto ngezimanga zendalo kwenzululwazi akukho ngaphantsi yamandulo ngaphezu biology. Kwakhona ekhulisa kunye nophuhliso yomntu, ukuba indawo zentlalo. Iinjongo eziphambili zezi inzululwazi kufundwa zonke izidumbu ziyaphila kunye nohlobo ezingaphiliyo ngokubhekiselele kwiinkqubo zisenzeka kuzo, ulwalamano lwabo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ngoko ke, ucinga nokwakheka ngendalo, iindlela kunye noonobangela bazo. Chemistry lusekelwe kulwazi kwezinto kunye interconversions lwabo omnye komnye.

Nantso into nenzululwazi yezobugqi.

izifundo zenzululwazi eMhlabeni

Ke ekugqibeleni, uludwe lwezifundo okuvumela ukuba ufunde ngakumbi wethu ndlu, ogama - uMhlaba. To ezo ziquka:

• yokwakheka komhlaba;
• meteorology;
• climatology;
• ukuhlola;
• hydrochemistry;
• cartography;
• mineralogy;
• ngezakhi;
• isayensi umhlaba;
• kwesayensi;
• zomhlaba kunye nabanye.

Kukho malunga nama-35 iinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Bobabini, befunda umhlaba, isakhiwo, iimpawu kunye neempawu, ukuba kuyimfuneko kangaka ebomini kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho.