Ulwahlulo oluphambili phakathi kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctica: inkcazo kunye neempawu

Ukuze kuqondwe kangcono umahluko phakathi kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctica, kuyafaneleka ukuhlolisisa le mimandla iplanethi yethu ngakumbi. Ngamnye wabo unempawu ezahlukileyo.

IArctic

Ukuba ulandela umcolo wekhampasi ukusuka naphi apha eMhlabeni, uya kuphelela kwiNyakatho yePole. Lapha ilanga liya kwisiqingatha sonyaka ngaphaya kwelo xesha, kwaye emva koko loo nto ayidluli. Le ngenye yezona zibonakaliso ezibonakalayo ezisemntla kwiplanethi. Igama elithi "i-Arctic" liphuma kwigama lesiGrike, elisetyenziselwa ukuba liqokelele i-Great Bear. Abalwandle basolwandle kunye noovulindlela banomtsalane umhlaba omangalisayo, ogqutywe ngegobolondo elikhanyayo kunye nolwandle olunezilwanyana ezimangalisayo. Ukusebenzisa iinzame zomntu kunye nokubonakalisa ukuthanda okungenamkhawulo, abaphandi basondela ngakumbi kuMntla. Vula imimandla, iindawo eziselwandle kunye nolwandle zisetyenziswe kwimephu.

Ukwahlukana phakathi kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctica kubonakala kwinqanaba lokudeka kwimida yaseRashiya. Amazwe asekumantla namanzi atyebile kwiimaminerali, phakathi kwazo i-hydrocarbons, iimboni ezingezona zinyumba, idayimane, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ukumbiwa kwemayini kunzima ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zemozulu. Abantu abancinci baseNyakatho baye bavumelanisa neendawo zendawo kwiinkulungwane ezininzi. Bahlala, benza umsebenzi wokuloba, ukuloba nokuloba.

Imozulu e-Arctic

Umntu ulandela ngokulandelelana imeko zemozulu zale ndawo. Ukwahlukana phakathi kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctica kulo mbandela kubonakala kungabonakali. Ukuqwalaselwa kwemozulu kukubalulekileyo, kuba kule migangatho, iinkqubo zomoya zisekwe kwiplanethi yonke.

Isimo sezulu saseArctic sichaphazela ubunzima: kwangexesha elifudumeleyo umoya awusayi kufudumala ukuya kufudumala. Isikhumba seqhwa asiveli phantse. Iimoya ezinamandla eziqhubekayo zibhalwa. Umsebenzi weNdlela yoLwandle oluMntla unikezelwa kwizikhululo ezikhoyo zamapolisa ezikhoyo ngokusasazwa kunye kunye neziqithi.

Imida yeArtictic

Ukukhangela impendulo kumbuzo wento eyenza iArctic ihluke kwi-Antarctica yenza oososayensi bafunde ngokucophelela. Iyokuqala iquka iindawo eziphambili ze-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika, kunye ne-Arctic Ocean eneziqithi ezininzi. Akukho ndawo kule ndawo yimihlaba kuphela elwandle kufuphi neScandinavia.

Umda osezantsi kummandla we-Arctic uhambelana nommandla we-tundra. Izigidi ezingama-27 km ² - indawo esondeleyo, ephindwe ngamaninzi kwimihlaba yaseYurophu. Ukuba umda we-Arctic ukhankanywa kwi-Arctic Circle (apho iinqununu zenza amaxesha amaxesha), indawo yalo iya kuba yizigidi eziyi-6 km ngaphantsi kwe- ² .

Ubume beArtictic

Inqanaba eliphakamileyo le-Arctic, uMcKinley, lifumaneka kwilizwekazi laseMntla-Amerika, ukuphakama kwalo kudlula 6 km. Abaqhwala kule ndawo yendalo ayifumanekanga kuphela kwiintaba zeentaba, kodwa nakwiindawo zaselwandle. Iziganeko zazo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo ziphuliwe, zenze iibhloko ezinkulu - i-icebergs. Baya e-equator, beqhutywa yimimoya kunye nemifudlana.

Iinqwelo zeqhwa ze-Arctic ziqithi ziyakubonga: zinemizi ye-domes ejwayelekile, iindawo ezinamathambeka apho ziyi-canopies. Ingxenye yeziqithi, ekhululekile kwiqonga le-glacier, lihlala yintlango ye-polar - amatye angenamkhawulo kunye neengcahla. Umgca ogqithini lolwandle lwaseArctic Ocean uhlala kuyo. Kukho amaninzi amanxweme kule ntsimi, kuba i-permafrost iyincinci nje ehlobo.

Kukho amachibi amaninzi apha, ewona mkhulu kunabo abakho kwiipeninula zikaTaimyr neKola.

I-Flora kunye nezilwanyana zase-Arctic

Imifuno kwiindawo zokubeka ilitye ayinqongophala. Isiseko siqhenqa. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu unokufumana izityalo eziqhambileyo: i-buttercups, i-polar poppies kunye neengcambu zengca. Phakathi kwemithi kukho i-Willow kunye ne-birch kwiifom ezinamabala. Ukuphakama kwawo akugqithisi amancenti ambalwa.

I-Kola Peninsula kunye neTaimyr ehlobo zihlala kwiikoloni zamadada namajezi. Izilwanyana zezulu zaseArctic ziyingqayizivele, kuba kukho ininzi enkulu yeentlobo ezizodwa. Ama-Walruses, iibhere ze-polar, i-narwhal, iimpawu, njl. Zihlala zijikelezwe yimvula ye-Arctic Ocean.

I-tundra ihlala iimbombo ze-polar, i- Arctic fox kunye ne-unlimited lemmings. Iindawo ezinqabileyo eziqithi zikhethiweyo zikhethwe ngamacandelo amakhulu eentaka, inani lawo lilinganiswa ngamakhulu amawaka. Iintlobo nganye zihlala kwindawo ecacileyo phakathi kwazo zonke. ERashiya, izilwanyana zaseArctic zikhuselwe ngumthetho.

Antarctica

Ukwahlukana phakathi kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctica kuchazwe ngolu hlobo lokuba lokugqibela kuNxweme eMzantsi yoMhlaba, ngelixa elikuqala liseMntla. Ukongezelela kwilizwekazi eliziwayo, liquka iindawo ezikufuphi zamanxweme amathathu kunye neziqithi: amaNdiya, i-Atlantic nePacific. Indawo yelizwekazi li malunga ne-14 yezigidi km, ngelixa i-Antarctica iphindwe ama-4 amaxesha ngaphezulu. Akukho zixhobo zendawo yokukhupha: imilambo, iintaba, njl. Ilizwekazi elipheleleyo lihlanganiswe ne-ice shell ye-4300 m. Ngama-90% kuwo onke amanzi aphelileyo kwiplanethi ikhutshwe kule ndawo. Ngaphantsi kwesi sidima kukho iintaba zeentaba kunye neentaba.

Ukuhamba e-Arctic nase-Antarctica kufuna ixhobo kunye nokuqeqesha okufanayo, kuba zombini izibonda zihlanganiswe ngeqhwa. Kwiindawo ezisemzantsi zikho indawo ezingenayo i-glacier, apho kukho amachibi.

I-Flora kunye nezilwanyana zase-Antarctica

Kwiipalati ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba yiArctic neAntartica, kukho ukungafani phakathi kwazo kwiintlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ubuninzi bezilwanyana kunye nobomi bityalo bunzima kakhulu. Imiqathango apha ikhulu. Ehlabathini ngaphandle kwe-glacier, ungayifumana kuphela i-lichens kunye ne-mosses, i-bacteria kunye ne-algae encinci.

Kwezinye iindawo zonxweme kukho iipenguins eziphilayo-iintaka ezimangalisayo zalo mda. Abakwazi ukuhamba ngeenqwelo ezindizayo kwaye abanakho ithemba, kodwa bayabhukuda.

Ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezilwanyana kunye neentlanzi zihlala elwandle elijikeleze leli zwekazi. I-Antarctica inqatshelwe imida yombuso kwaye ayikho inani labantu abanomphela. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, liyinxalenye yelizwekazi elinye-iGondwana. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-Antarctica yahlula, kwaye yayijikelezwe yile yangoku yolwandle olubandayo olukhoyo. Ichaphazela lonke ubukhulu bamanzi ocean, okuthintela amanzi afudumeleyo e-equatorial avele kwilizwekazi elizantsi.

Eli langoku alithinteli ukutshabalalisa ubunzima beqhwa kwilizwekazi, elithatha umlinganiselo omkhulu wamandla ashushu eMhlabeni. Siyabulela kule ngqungquthela, iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zeenkcubeko zibonakala kwiplanethi yethu, eyabangela ukuba kukhuthazwe zonke iindidi zezinto eziphilayo.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-Antarctica ne-Antarctica ne-Arctic? Ikota yokuqala ithetha ilizwekazi elikuMzantsi wePlabathi loMhlaba. Okwesibini lubanzi kwaye luquka, ukongezelela kwilizwe, kunye namanzi afutshane namanxweme amathathu. Ingcamango yesithathu ngummandla wehlabathi ulwandle olujikeleze iNxweme yaseMntla yoMhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, la magama amathathu athetha indawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi yethu.

I-Arctic ne-Antarctica: ukungafani nokufana

Phakathi kwezi ndawo kukho ukufana okufanayo:

• Ikhutshwe ngobunzulu beqhwa.
• Phantse iimeko ezifanayo zokushisa.
• Kukho iintlobo ezifanayo zezinto eziphilayo.
• I-Mosses kunye ne-lichens zikhula.

Ukwahlukana phakathi kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctica kunokubonakaliswa kwezi zilandelayo:

• I-Arctic yindawo yomhlaba wonxweme, kwaye i-Antarctica yilizwekazi.
• Ummandla wokuqala phantse kabini ubukhulu njengolu hlobo.
• Iintlanzi zeArctic zicebile, kwaye inyama yezilwanyana (i-endemic) ezininzi kune-Antarctica.