Iintlobo zolawulo: ummandla wendawo

Ubukhosi bamatyala yimiqathango yemigaqo ebekwayo, kummandla wekhotho kwinkqubo, umzekelo, ukuxabana, kukuqwalaselwa kwimeko.

Kule meko, igunya liyingcamango encinci kunokuba kulungelelaniso, kuba kukuvumela ukuba usasaze amacala angaphantsi kobambiswano phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zenkundla yenkundla yokubambisana .

Kukho iindidi ezilandelayo zolawulo. Okokuqala, ulawulo oludala, olucacisa izinto phakathi kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo omlamlo. Njengomgaqo oqhelekileyo, zonke iingxabano ezixhomekeke kumbambano othile zingasombululwa ngokubambisana kwanoma yiphi na into ebalulekileyo yaseRussian Federation, ngaphandle kweengxabano ezinxulumene nokulawula koMongameli oPhezulu.

Lo mzekelo uqwalasela nayiphi na imeko apho izenzo zomthetho eziqhelekileyo, ezisayinwe nguMongameli, uRhulumente, amaqumrhu alawulayo, achaphazela iminqweno yamalungelo kunye namalungelo abafakizicelo kwimicimbi yezoshishino kunye nezoqoqosho ziphikisana. INkundla ePhakamileyo yeMvume yokuphonononga iimeko zijongene nemingeni engekho emthethweni yomthetho kaMongameli, uRhulumente weSizwe, i-Federation Council, uRhulumente, ochaphazela amalungelo omenzi wesicelo kunye nemisebenzi kwimicimbi yezoqoqosho nezomsebenzi. Ukongeza, inkundla ibona iingxabano zezoqoqosho phakathi kwezifundo ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseRussian Federation.

Umbono othi "ummandla wendawo" unquma ukucaciswa kobuchule bokubambisana okuhambelana nomnxibelelwano olulodwa (i-regional, regional and same equals bodies of subjects of the country). Ingaba ngokubanzi: kulo mzekelo, amabango afakwa kwi-arbitration ekhoyo kwidilesi yommangalelwa. Lo ngumgaqo ophambili xa uhlalutya ubuchule beemikhumbi ezisezingeni elifanayo.

Olunye ulawulo lwendawo luvumela ummangali ukuba akhethe ukubambisana apho ibango liya kuthunyelwa khona. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba indawo yomhlali wommangalelwa okanye indawo ayengaziwa, ibango ngobudlelwane bakhe lingathunyelwa kwi-arbitration ekhoyo kwindawo yaso kwindawo okanye kwindawo yokugqibela kwindawo yakhe.

Ummandla wendawo ongabonakaliyo ubonakaliswe yimeko yokuba ityala libhekwa kuphela yinkqubo echazwe ngokucacileyo yinkantolo ye-arbitral. Ngokukodwa, amatyala e-estate abizwa nje ngeenkundla ezikuloo ndawo apho ipropati ikhona khona.

Kwimeko yokulawulwa kwenkqubo yokuxubusha kwamatyala, imbambano ihlaziywa kwiqumrhu lezomthetho apho elinye icala lihambelana nombambano, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni ummandla ongavumelani nawo. Ngokomzekelo, umyalelo wokumangalelwa kufuneka uhanjiswe kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulawulo lwawo kwindawo apho kuthethwa khona ingxabano yokuqala.

Isivumelwano sommandla esivumelwaneni sivumela ukuba amaqela anqume ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano kwindawo apho ibango liya kuqwalaselwa. Nangona kunjalo, isivumelwano esinjalo sinokuvela kuphela ngokubhekiselele kummandla olawulayo okanye ngokubanzi. Amaqela akanelungelo lokutshintsha igunya elilodwa ngaphandle kwezivumelwano.

Ulawulo oluthile (ngokukhethwa kommangali) lunikezelwa ngamanye amacala angasentla angagqitywa yiinkundla ezahlukeneyo kwinqanaba elinye. Ummangali unikwe ilungelo lokukhetha ukuba yiyiphi i-arbitration eya kuqwalasela ityala, eliphantsi kweenkundla ezininzi.

I-non-jurisdiction yecala lokubambisana, apho isitatimende sesibango senziwe khona, sisiseko sokubuyisela ibango kummangali. Xa kutyhilwa ukungabikho kokusebenza emva kokuqaliswa kweenkqubo kwi-suit, ityala liya kudluliselwa kwi-arbitration, ekulawulwa kwayo.