Zingaphi ubomi intsholongwane ye-HIV kwi-bume? Ngeliphi lobushushu iyatshabalala HIV? Yonke into HIV

Syndrome of yaziwa okukwazi ukunqongophala ithe yaphawulwa ngo-1981 nangoku ngoncedo yeqela oososayensi ezivela eMelika. Igama kakhulu elichanekileyo zesi sifo, nto leyo elidume zihlelwa AIDS - une-HIV. Esi sifo sekudala yintsholongwane eye kufundwe 1983 Elucweyweni abaphandi yaseMelika kunye nesiFrentshi. Le ntsholongwane kaGawulayo kunzima kakhulu ukuba aphathe, okanye mandithi, phantse asikuko nokuba kuyabulala, ngoko ke ingxaki ukulwa esi sifo iye yaqhubeka ixesha elide. Konke nge-HIV, siya kuzama ukukuxelela kweli nqaku. Yintoni na? Njengoko usulelo spread? Zingaphi ubomi intsholongwane ye-HIV kwi-bume? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ezibanjwa bume lwasekhaya?

Konke nge HIV

HIV - ukuswela virus omzimba, nto leyo echaphazela ngqo amajoni omzimba. Xa iyahlozinga, iyalahleka ukhuselo kweentshulube yangaphandle ukuba bahlasele rhoqo umzimba. Xa kungekho omzimba emzimbeni ngokulula ukuphuhlisa nezinye izifo ezosulelayo. Abantu abane HIV ngabona olubuthathaka kakhulu ukuya iingqele zisisiseko kwaye nkqu microorganisms ayithwali ngenene akuyongozi umntu uninfected. Enye indoda eyafunyanwa igazi intsholongwane kaGawulayo, ekuthiwa HIV-HIV okanye i-HIV-positive. Le usuleleko fanele kusapho Retroviruses.

Ukuba kukho usulelo ne-HIV, oko akuthethi ukuba abantu AIDS. Ukususela ekusulelekeni Inqanaba usulelo zophuhliso kwesi sifo sibi ixesha elide, malunga 10-12 ubudala. Zingaphi ubomi intsholongwane ye-HIV kwi-bume? Kule kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo ngakumbi.

Effects on omzimba

Amajoni omzimba eyenzelwe ukukhusela kuyo ngokubethwa eziphilayo zasemzini ziyingozi kube usongo zebhayoloji kubomi babantu. They are yinxalenye yomzimba womntu, ngoko ke umthondo ebangela ezinye (protective) omzimba: isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, icesina njalo njalo. Zonke ezi mpawu zikhatshwa ngumntu kwaye ngexesha xa amajoni omzimba azame ukoyisa silwanyana langaphandle. iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, ingqele, iintsholongwane, nomngundo, staphylococci, izinto abaxhasi okanye amalungu zangaphakathi - ngaba zonke awakwazi.

Kuba amacandelo amajoni omzimba ziquka ezinye amalungu: thymus, lomongo wethambo, iindawo nkovu, udakada, lengqula kunye lymphocyte iiseli, monocytes kunye macrophage. HIV yeyona ibalulekileyo indima T-iiseli (lymphocyte) ukuba baqaphele oku kunye nezinye iintsholongwane emzimbeni. Baya isantya iimpawu zayo okungenisa nokukhuthaza ezinye izinto kwamajoni omzimba ukulwa ifihlakale iintsholongwane, kuqukwa i-HIV. Intsholongwane HIV itshabalalisa iiseli, iiseli zengqondo, amathumbu kunye nemiphunga. Oku kuphazamisa iimpawu ibakhusela amajoni omzimba, yaye kungekudala atshabalalise ngokupheleleyo oko.

Lidla intsholongwane ongene umzimba, ingemiwa ukusuka kwiminyaka 1 ukuya kwisi-5, ngaphandle kokuxela ngokwakhe, ngokunjalo ukuthetha, ukuba babe kwimeko opholileyo. Iiseli T efanayo igalelo kuphuhliso inani elithile antibodies leyo iza kucacisa ubukho bale ntsholongwane emzimbeni. Emva koko bangena egazini, umntu uba ngokuzenzekelayo othwala yayo kwaye khetha ubucaka ezingasosulela abanye abantu besempilweni.

Uphuhliso kwesi sifo olucothayo kakhulu kwaye kuthatha iminyaka. Ekuphela ebonisa ukuba ubukho besi sifo bazitshisekisayo iindawo nkovu. Ekupheleni kwethuba bafukanywe losulelo lwe-HIV yeyona ngokukhawuleza sandisa, yonke into iiseli zamajoni omzimba, ngaloo ndlela ebangela isifo ekuthiwa AIDS.

Ingozi le ntsholongwane

AIDS ngokwayo kunye nosulelo lwe-HIV ningathwali nemiphumela ebulalayo, ukuba nje kudala iimeko oku. Xa umzimba immunodeficiency abakwazi ukujongana nezona izifo lincinane nezincinane leyo engena kuwo. Oku kube ngunobangela yeengxaki sifo kakhulu leyo nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ukuba umntu ochaphazelekayo immunodeficiency virus uchola olunye usuleleko kakhulu (izifo ezosulelayo, Zika virus), umzimba akanakunikezela kunyango ngamachiza kwaye uya inkqubela kuphela sifo.

HIV

immunodeficiency virus usasazwa ugqithiselwa ngegazi okanye bodwa, umz, amalungu esini. Ngamanye amazwi, ngomzi yosulelo kuba kuphela inaso esi sifo. Le ntsholongwane kaGawulayo eziqulathwe njengesigulane ubisi igazi, lwebele, netuwa amalungu esini (isidoda).

Ekuqaleni, alibonakali intsholongwane nakancane uzenza ngayo, ngoko ngokufuthi kakhulu abosulelwe abanalwazi ngemeko yabo.

Enyanisweni, intsholongwane zinokusasazwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngegazi okanye ngesondo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, xa kusenziwa kukho amatyala nangengozi. Oku kwenzeka xa utyelela wamazinyo okanye manicurist abo abosulelekileyo nomonde phambi kwakho, kwaye isixhobo ayenziwanga iintsholongwane kakuhle, emva kokuba ukusebenza sixhobo non-ludlolo, kwezinye iimeko ezifanayo.

Kodwa akubi njalo, intsholongwane sisasazwa kumntu, iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa emzimbeni kwaye ngendlela licwecwe. Kaninzi kulo mkhuba ehlabathini kukho iimeko apho immunodeficiency virus kuye kwabangela ezinye izifo ezinzulu egazini, ezifana nesifo sephepha olunzulu okanye hepatitis wentsholongwane egazini.

Abantu abaninzi boyika ukulunywa izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinambuzane. Iyafuna esithi ukuba intsholongwane immunodeficiency ntli abantu kuphela, izilwanyana kodwa ngabanikezi. Ezi nketho kuphela izinambuzane awadli igazi (kwiingingqi wethu iingcongconi, kumazwe aseAsia, ungongeza rhorho).

Yiyiphi indlela Awunokosulelwa?

Bangaphi ubulala HIV kwimeko bume yendawo kwaye ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane usulelo nge ngemihla? Ukususela bume lwangaphandle na intsholongwane ingena igazi lomntu, kodwa kuphela eluswini, ngoko nococeko lomntu i nokuthintela kakhulu kwesi sifo.

Musa ukoyika abantu abosuleleke yintsholongwane kaGawulayo, abaqinisekanga yingozi kwabanye ukuba ngaba sizihlanganise nabo ngesondo. Le ntsholongwane ayihambi ngendlela ukuxhawula. Akwenzeki ukuba wosuleleke nkqu izinto zabo zisebenzisa (bamanqatha, impahla, izitya, amacephe). I-HIV asiqhenqethanga yokugquma, iindawo zokuqubha, ezemidlalo kunye zokwenza umthambo, ngoko musa ukoyika ukutyelela le ndawo.

Indlela ukuqaphela esi sifo?

Zingaphi ubomi intsholongwane ye-HIV kwi-bume kwaye isasazeka njani? Emva HIV akuthethi ukuzibonakalisa, kwaye isigulane angacingi waziva kunye, njengoko umthetho, akazi nokuba bayazi ukuba bosulelekile. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, kwiinyanga kamva ukuze abonise iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ifiva, kuthibaza, ifiva, kodwa akukho impumlo esihambisayo, nomqala akabi buhlungu. Kuphela uphawu owosindiswa ngawo wena uyakwazi ukubona le usulelo - kwamaqhakuvana eluswini kwindawo esiswini. Ukuba ngebhaqo waqala ukuva ubuthathaka ngamaxesha, isicaphucaphu, Ukwehluleka ukutya, isiyezi, yaye oku ngenxa kufuneka ivavanywe ityhefu okanye ezinye izifo-HIV-AIDS.

I (ebhekiswe) efihliweyo uhlobo esi sifo ukwakheka, kungathatha ixesha elide kwaye umntu ngexesha elifanayo angacingi ukungakhululeki, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba umzimba kukho utshintsho. Ukumisela ubukho bale ntsholongwane emzimbeni kuya kunceda uvavanyo lwe-HIV. Olu vavanyo yesiqhelo igazi ngenxa antibodies ivelisa amajoni omzimba (njenge yokusabela ukuya kwii ukuya umzimba HIV-HIV). Zingaphi ubomi intsholongwane ye-HIV kwi-bume? Makhe sithethe ngakumbi.

I-HIV Intsholongwane: uzinzo kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle

Ngoko ke, makhe sithethe uzinzo yintsholongwane bume. Koda kube nini le ntsholongwane uphila ngaphandle komzimba? Le ntsholongwane kaGawulayo iyahlozinga kakhulu kwaye bahlala kwindawo ixesha elide. izazinzulu ezininzi siphikisane malunga nexesha apho intsholongwane ihlala isebenza kwindawo lwasekhaya. Abanye bathi uhlala nje imizuzu embalwa, ngoxa abanye baye bagqiba ubomi bakhe ngaphandle umzimba iiyure eziliqela. Ngenye indlela, ukuba usulelo lwe-HIV unokuba ixesha elide ukuba ahlale ngaphandle komzimba, kulo mkhuba ehlabathini unyango lwesi sifo zikho iindlela ngemihla zosulelo, kodwa azikho. Indlela HIV emi-bume? Asinto ngentonga-usuleleko okanye imingxunya emhlabeni ukuze abanentsholongwane kuphila, i elide ngakumbi.

Nendlela eliluqilima HIV kwi-bume?

Koda kube nini le ntsholongwane uphila ngaphandle komzimba? Lidla ityala eyahlukileyo xa kwindawo lwangaphandle, kunye DNA (nethontsi igazi, amadlozi). Ngomhla ubude yobomi yayo kule meko iphenjelelwa yimiba ezifana isixa-DNA kunye lobushushu voice. Phantsi iimeko zozinzo yemeko ezisingqongileyo kwaye iqondo lobushushu uluhlu intsholongwane ye-HIV kwi-DNA akwazi ukuphila ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-48. Kungenxa yoko le nto non-engenazintsholongwane amazinyo, manicure kunye zotyando izixhobo, nto leyo wahlala nethontsi legazi nomntu owosulelekileyo, iintsuku ezimbalwa ezinokosulela abantu besempilweni.

Yintoni lobushushu ubulala ntsholongwane?

Ngoko, yintoni ubushushu iyatshabalala HIV? Yena angabi nako ukumelana amaqondo aphezulu. Amasuntswana Virus ziqala ukuba bafe ukuba warm kangangesiqingatha seyure kubushushu ezisukela 56 degrees Celsius, kodwa akukho imiqondiso ezibalulekileyo njengoko iiseli ezininzi ukumelana bahlale bephila yaye ekugqibeleni azalwe.

Ukuba sithethe ngale ntsholongwane ngendlela apho ikhoyo nokubakho egazini, ngoko le nkqubo iza kuthatha ixesha elide, kwaye lobushushu kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kancinci. Le intsholongwane iba iqokobhe protein, yaye, ngokufanelekileyo, iya kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kubushushu degrees 60 Celsius. Ukuba ugcine biomaterial kwezi amazinga ubushushu ukuba imizuzu engama-40, intsholongwane uyafa ngenqindi phantsi nasekugqibeleni. Ngoko, uyazi, njani ubomi ezininzi intsholongwane ye-HIV kwi-bume kunye nokuba kungenzeka ukuba ukubamba indawo yasekhaya. Ngoku uyazi ukuba le usuleleko embi iphetshwe. Health wena kunye nosapho lwakho!