Ukuxuba sulphuric acid

ulwelo enemibala viscous, ubushushu abilayo yayo 269,2 ° C, nondiliseko ngqo - 1,83 g / ml kwiqondo lobushushu voice (20º) - oku sulphuric acid. Ingongoma ukunyibilika le nto 10,3ºS kuphela.

Inqanaba ingqalelo kwe-sulphuric acid ubukhulu becala yeyona iphambili ukusetyenziswa yawo chemistry kunye nemveliso mveliso. Ngenxa umthetho, kukho amanqanaba amabini ezisisiseko eqhelekileyo division yoxinaniso, nkqu ngengqiqo yenzululwazi ngqo, ukuqhuba umahluko wokwamanani phakathi kwabo akunakwenzeka. Ngokwale yokuhlela ezabelwe yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano sulphuric acid kunye sulphuric acid wamandla.

Ngokusebenza inani zesinyithi ezifana intsimbi, zinc, nemagnesium, le nto ukhupha hydrogen ngexesha basabela. Ngokomzekelo, xa zakudibana indlela yentsimbi kwenzeka, ifomula ogama ibhalwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba sulphuric acid yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano, esibonakala ngeempawu zalo njenge oxidizer nkqi, phantse modem kunye isinyithi umsebenzi ephantsi - ubhedu, isiliva, negolide.

Ukuba oxidant nkqi, umchiza okwazi oxidizing uluhlu olude kakhulu zesinyithi, le ipropati yenza kube sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwemveliso yoshishino.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuthi zakudibana zizinto iikhemikhali esebenzayo, ezifana nemagnesium okanye isodiyam, ngenxa indlela redox efunyenwe ngayo sulphur oxide (IV), kwaye xa ezi zinto sikhuthele isinyithi, basabela ngenxa uvelisa emanzini (H 2 S) Ezekiyeli (S ). Ezi izinyithi sikhuthele icalcium, potassium, nemagnesium esele zikhankanywe kunye nabanye.

Anhydrous, okanye enye into ibizwa ngokuba, sulphuric acid wamandla kakhulu, amandla okanye kakhulu angavumelaniyo kunye nesinyithi, ezifana intsimbi, ngokuba insimbi ngumsebenzi imichiza ephantsi kakhulu. Isiphumo leendibano zabo unako ukukhonza kuphela ukuyilwa komhlaba ingxubevange equlethe intsimbi, into eqinileyo umboniso, apho ekwakhiweni imichiza ibandakanya oxides. Oku kungenxa yokuba exutywe sulphuric acid, kwaye kanzulu xaxa, zigcinwe yaye uthuthwa kwizikhongozeli ekukhethwa ukuba zenziwe zesinyithi: titanium, aluminiyam, nickel.

Le into uyakwazi oxidize non-izinyithi, nkqu ukubonisa iimpawu zazo oxidative kwi abasabela kwezinto ezinzima, yintoni na le arhente nokunciphisa. Umlinganiswa yendlela ezinjalo kuxhomekeka kumlinganiselo ukuzikisa ingqondo, eba yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano sulphuric acid kwimeko nganye. Kwelinye icala, into, nokuba kwinqanaba yoxinaniso iye ezininzi iipropati iimpawu yababephethwe nezinye ii-asidi. Umzekelo, ikwazi lokunxibelelana kunye oxides, kukhokelela ekubeni kwaleli neetyuwa. Le nto inye eyenzeka intsebenziswano kunye hydroxides. Ukongeza, yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano sulphuric acid, formula apho H2SO4, yikhompawundi dibasic, nto leyo eyenza luphawu ethile kuphela kwiipropati yayo kwintsebenziswano kunye nezinye izinto. Izenzo eziziintloko nesiphumo iityuwa zezi iintsebenziswano kumiswa iintlobo ezimbini eliphakathi (a kanzulu acid), iityuwa - sulfates kunye exutywe ku - iityuwa asidi, hydrosulfates.

Njengoko sele sibonile, yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano sulphuric acid - ukusetyenziswa ebalulekileyo kwezi nemveliso kushishino kwemichiza le. Isicelo kwamanye amacandelo nezeefektri nazo ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, oku kusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa imicu ngumntu, kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zeplastiki, izichumisi, idayi. Acid iipropati wawufuna ekwenziweni iziqhushumbisi. Xa ishishini metallurgical ngayo buyafuneka xa imveliso zesinyithi, kodwa Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi isomisi negesi.

Ahlobene kwe-sulphuric acid - sulphate - othatha ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, kushishino - ekuvelisweni Iipeyinti, iphepha, irabha, ukutyabeka, kwaye ngaphezulu.