Bekkerel Anri, yamachiza French: biography, ukuvulwa

Ngaba uyazi ukuba ngubani bafumanisa yemisebe? Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha izazinzulu abangabakhe kule mpumelelo. Henri Becquerel - yamachiza French kunye Nobel Peace Prize. Yaba nguye owathi ngo-1896 wafumanisa yemisebe of iityuwa uranium.

Imvelaphi sesayensi

Bekkerel Anri azalwe ngoDisemba 15, 1852 eParis, ndlu Cuvier kaThixo, apho ephethwe yi-National Museum of Natural History. Nale ndlu onxulumene ubomi ilungu ngalinye ubukhosi ibalulekileyo Becquerel. Uyisemkhulu-nzulu elizayo, Antuan Sezar Becquerel (iminyaka yobomi - 1788-1878), waba lilungu lokuqala le-Paris Academy of Sciences, kwaye ukusukela 1838 - umongameli wayo. Yezimbiwa, bekwelo kwaziwa ngokubanzi. Ngokukodwa, wafunda zabo owahluke ngokwemvelo, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, mechanical kunye nezinye iimpawu. Le indlu ingqokelela ekhethekileyo kwiisampuli, leyo wadlala indima enkulu kubomi Aleksandra Edmonda Becquerel, nyana Antuana Sezara. Le ndoda (iminyaka yobomi - 1820-1891) nayo ukufunda. Ukongeza, ukuba ilungu le-Paris Academy of Sciences waza waba ngumongameli wayo ngo-1880. Njengokuba utata Anri Bekkerelya waba uprofesa ophanda kwaye waba uMlawuli weSizwe Museum of Natural History.

Uphando lokuqala Henri

Xa uHenry ndandineminyaka eli-18, waqalisa ukunceda uyise kwizifundo zakhe waza waba umncedisi wakhe. Kungelo xesha ukuba nomdla iingxaki nokufota phosphorescence, apho wahlala kunye Becquerel ubomi. Le nzala iye ilifa Antuan Anri, unyana wakhe. Incwadi Anri Bekkerelya "ukhanyiso, izizathu kunye nezenzo zawo" kamva waba Umqulu Antoine.

Antuan Sezar, uyisemkhulu hero wethu, iye ihlawulwe ingqalelo enkulu imfundo nomzukulwana wakhe. Le nkwenkwe ndisemncinane into eyayibenza Antoine, abazange babone ubuchule zakhe ezibalaseleyo, becinga ukuba uya kude.

Imfundo kwi Lyceum kunye Ecole Polytechnique

Umoya ezazikho endlwini Cuvier, negalelo ukuyilwa enzulu kakhulu Henri umdla physics. Boy ezichongiweyo kwi Lyceum Louis Legrand. Kweli ziko, kufanele kuphawulwe, waba nethamsanqa kunye nootitshala. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-19, ngo-1872, Bekkerel Anri kokugqiba isikolo. Emva koko waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe Ecole Polytechnique. Ukususela kunyaka wokuqala lo mfana baqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo ukwenza uphando lwabo. Kamva ezifunyenwe eli xesha izakhono zovavanyo iluncedo kakhulu.

Intlekele ebomini bakhe buqu, le ncwadi lokuqala

Emva kokuphumelela evela uHenry kwaqalisa iminyaka engama-3 inkonzo kwi-Institute of Communications, yamsusa apho umsebenzi zobunjineli. Ngeli xesha watshata intombi unjingalwazi physics. Girl ogama Lyusi Zhamen. Ke wadibana naye emva kule minyaka lyceum. Nakuba kunjalo, abenzi usapho Scientist lwalulolwexeshana. Bekkerel Anri wafelwa ngumfazi wakhe amthandayo, ngubani nje eneminyaka engama-20 ubudala. Walishiya kuzalwa uJean.

Inzululwazi iye yanceda uHenry ukuze sisinde kule ilahleko. Scientist ukutshonisa ngokwabo kwizifundo zabo. Ngowe-1875 ukuba kubanjwe ukupapashwa yokuqala Anri Bekkerelya (kwi "Journal de yamachiza"). Inqaku yakhe, nezirhwexu, nazo nzulu kunyaka-24 ubudala wacelwa ukuba abe waza kwi Ecole Polytechnique. Kwesi sikolo kwiminyaka engama-20 kamva, wayesele uprofesa.

Ukusebenza kunye notata wakhe, imiqingo yakhe zobugqirha

Bekkerel Anri ngo-1878, waqala ukusebenzela kwi Museum of Natural History, apho waba umncedisi kuyise. Xa umxholo jikelele imisebenzi yabo iye yanxulunyaniswa kule ndawo, yaye magneto-enombala njengekristale yokukhanya. Ngokukodwa, abaphengululi kwenziwe uphando umdla indlela moya ujikeleza kuloo mhlaba otsalayo, lo nokwehlukana ukukhanya. Kuyinto into ukwazi wafumanisa Maykl Faradey. Yonke imihla, ebukele inkqubela unyana wakhe, lowo wayesele esaziwa njenge experimenter omkhulu, uyise uHenry wayezidla ngaye. Henri Becquerel ngo-1888 thaca ithisisi zobugqirha yakhe Sorbonne. Lo msebenzi phambili izifundo kayise notatomkhulu wakhe, kwakunye kwesiphumo kweshumi imisebenzi umbhali. Kuye ngokubanzi adunyiswe.

umsebenzi Scientific and umtshato entsha

Anri Bekkerel kamva enyakeni yaba lilungu le-Paris Academy of Sciences. Wamiselwa njengoNobhala kokwahlulwa emzimbeni. 3 iminyaka kamva, uHenry wayesele unjingalwazi kwiNational Museum of Natural History. umtshato wakhe wesibini, kwiminyaka eli-14 emva kokuba ngumhlolokazi, ibhekisela kwixesha elinye.

Ubhaqo ebalulekileyo eyenziwe ngengozi

Ukuba asinguye ukuthanda mzekelo, besiya ukhumbula ukuba sisazinzulu kuphela nje ngenxa yezazela zawo yaye experimenter abanezakhono, kodwa hayi kakhulu enye. Noko ke, kwakukho isiganeko ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuyinto ngenxa kuye yaziwa lonke ihlabathi Anri Bekkerel. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nale Scientist ezininzi, kodwa ke eyona umdla, mhlawumbi, ngenxa yokuba Wasisusa yemisebe.

Matshi 1 Anri Bekkerel ifundwa chweba yakhe kwilebhu iityuwa uranium. Ukuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe, yajika yaba isampulu iphepha abamnyama ngaphaya kwawo nepeni (camera uranium ityuwa metal bafaniswe imbasa). Scientist wabeka le patheni igutyana amacwecwe yokufota, leyo kokha wavala kokha. Emva kwethuba uHenry wakhupha ibhokisi lezitya lokushicilela. Wazibonisa, mhlawumbi, ukulandela umkhwa bakhe bahlolisise ngenyameko yonke. ISAZINZULU Ndothuka, kuba wafumanisa ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile ukuba zacaciswa. Henry wabona umfanekiso kwipleyiti yesinyithi bafaniswe avezwe ngandlel 'ithile. Xana aa achaze ngayo? Ukukhanya ayikwazanga ukungena kwi nembasa. Ngoko ke, njengoko iqondwa Becquerel, nabanye abathile imitha yabangela oku.

Njengoko uqhubeka ufundisisa kwimitha yafunyanwa yi Becquerel

Zesayensi sele esazi ubukho imisebe ezikhokelela blackening of amacwecwe yokufota, kwaye ayibonakali ngamehlo. kwiinyanga nje ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba Röntgen wenza zophando lwakhe ivuso. Ukufunyanwa kwe-X reyi - enye iziganeko ibalulekileyo kwimbali ye physics. Ngelo xesha, wonke umntu wayethetha ngaye. Mhlawumbi le nto ingxelo, owamenzela yamachiza Anri Bekkerel e Paris Academy of Sciences Matshi 2, 1896, wahlangatyezwa ngomdla omkhulu. Scientist May 12 wathetha ngabo indawo olucokisekileyo Museum of Natural History, phambi kwabaphulaphuli enkulu. Ke ngoko wabaxelela ngayo kwi-Paris International Congress eyayibanjwe ngo-Agasti 1900. Ngeli xesha, lowo uyaziwa imisebe, baye baqaphela ukuba ukubonakala imitha - ayikho chweba. Kwakhona ngokungafaniyo nezinye zesayensi radiation odumileyo. Phantsi chemical okanye emzimbeni (koxinzelelo, ukufudumeza njalo njalo. D.) Ako oko ayikatshintshi. Andikwazanga ukuphatha ukufumana ukuhla ngamandla alo. Kwakubonakala ukuba ezinye umthombo obungapheliyo imitha mandla.

Ngelo xesha wayesele esaziwa ukuba isenzo reyi engabonakaliyo yafunyanwa ngama Becquerel, hayi kuphela kukhokelela blackening lezitya lokushicilela. Avelisa kwakhona kunye neminye imisebenzi, kuquka begazi. Umzekelo, kwi umzimba ichiza Becquerel, lowo epokothweni, kwasekwa nezilonda. na ke abazange ndiphilise ixesha elide. Ukususela ngoko, izazinzulu ziye iziqalile amachiza kwibhokisi phambili.

Intsebenziswano kunye M. and uPierre Curie

Phakathi kwabo abanomdla Becquerel wathola, kwakukho iqela oosonzululwazi ezibalaseleyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe Anri Puankare kunye D. I. Mendeleeva, ngubani ngokukodwa kufika Paris ukuba babone umbhali wayo. Kwakhona phakathi kwezi izazinzulu kwakukho isibini Marie Per Kyuri. Interest Curie kukhokelele iziphumo ezibalulekileyo. Imbali lokufunyanwa radioactivity waqhubeka ukuba kulandelayo yafunyanwa: kuvela, ukuba ikhona, ngaphandle uranium kunye nezinye izinto imichiza, nangona shiyana. Izazinzulu uqhubeka ukufunda engokoqobo yafunyanwa ngama Becquerel eyingozi. Ngenxa yoko, isiphumo amandla iye yavulwa, evela kwi ukubola radioactive, kwaye yemisebe kunye nabanye uqhutyelwe.

ukuqaphela hola

Impumelelo ezingekangeniswa Anri Bekkerelya wafumana ingqalelo okulufaneleyo. Le Isazinzulu wamenyelwa i Royal Society of London. Ukongeza, i-Paris Academy of Sciences inikezelwe Henry zonke ezikhoyo ke enjalo. Becquerel August 8, 1900 eParis, wathetha kwi-International Congress of emzimbeni, apho wafunda ingxelo engundoqo.

I Nobel Prize

Emva kweminyaka emi-3, ke wawongwa Nobel Peace Prize (kunye UMaria Pierre Curie) Anri Bekkerel. Ibali lobomi bakhe umdla yaye yokuba eli Isazinzulu waba ngowokuqala engumFrentshi owakukhuphayo leNobel kubuNtshatsheli Paris. Curies, ngelishwa, ababa nako ukufikelela ukufumana oko e Stockholm. Kubo ibhaso Nobel yanikezelwa kumphathiswa isiFrentshi.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

ukwamkelwa nomdlandla, iimbeko, ukuthathelwa ingqalelo ngamazwe - konke oku elindele Anri Bekkerelya. Noko ke, yena ayitshintshanga yokuphila. Scientist de ngemihla yokugqibela wahlala ezinikele kwinzululwazi umsebenzi abathobekileyo. Anri Bekkerel, ukuvulwa kuzo kubalulekile ukuba uphuhliso olungaphaya inzululwazi, wafa e Le Croisic (UBrittany) eneminyaka engama-55. Imbeko yakhe, ogama yimingxuma kwiMars kunye neNyanga, kwakunye kwiyunithi radioactivity - Bq. Igama sisazinzulu iqukiwe kuluhlu izazinzulu ezinkulu isiFrentshi, nto leyo ifumaneka kumgangatho wokuqala Eiffel Tower.

Okumiselwe uJean Bekkereya

Yaba umsebenzi zemfundo nempumelelo kunye Zhana Bekkerelya. Yena waba ezihlangwini ndinyobulule kuyise. Le Scientist wazalwa ngo Februwari 5, 1878 eParis, apho yonke into ihamba Becquerel. ukuphila kwakhe elide. Le Isazinzulu wafa eneminyaka engama-75, njengelungu le-Paris Academy of Sciences kunye yamachiza eyaziwayo.

imiba ezintsha

Njengazo zonke iziganeko eyona olutsha ezifana kuvulwe ubugcisa ezonga umbane, ekufunyanisweni kwe-radioactivity usinike oosonzululwazi iimpendulo kuphela. Kwakhona kwavusa imiba emitsha kunye nemingeni. Yiyiphi indlela oxhasa yokuguga? Ziziphi izenzo ukuvelisa rays, yaye ngoba? Ngale mibuzo neminye izazinzulu ingekabinazo impendulo ngokupheleleyo.