Ukhuphiswano Intraspecific, indima kunye nobuninzi bayo izinto

Ingcamango khuphiswano liya kuhlawulwa kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, kodwa imvelaphi yayo nangoku eziphilayo. Yintoni na le nto? Yintoni indima kokhuphiswano zasendle? Kwiifom kunye neendlela yokhuphiswano, bona kamva kweli nqaku.

iziphumo ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo

Akukho namnye eziphilayo na iingxaki azizimelanga zodwa geqe. It ingqongwe eziliqela ze ziyaphila kunye nohlobo ezingaphiliyo. Ngoko ke, ngendlela enye okanye ngenye oko rhoqo Ngokusebenza kunye nendalo kunye nezinye izinto. Eyokuqala into ephilileyo ukuchaphazela umhlaba onokuphila, kwenani yeencindi ziquka lithosfere, kwehayidrosfere kunye nomoya. na imisebenzi ebalulekileyo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezinxulumene ngqo isixa kwelanga, ukufikelela emanzini, njalo-njalo. D.

test impembelelo ebalulekileyo izinto kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye. Olo isiphumo kuthiwa izinto zasemanzini, ezivelayo nanjengoko isiphumo eziphilayo kwi izityalo, nto leyo echaphazela okusingqongileyo ophilileyo. biology yabo yahlulwe trophic (zesondlo ngokungqinelana ubudlelwane phakathi eziphilayo), mlonyeni (ngokuphathelele kwiinguqu kwisimo), fabricheskie (kuxhomekeke kwindawo), foricheskie (ithuba okanye ukungakwazi yokuthutha omnye komnye ephilayo) imibandela.

Impefumlelwano eziphilayo

Ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yayo ebalulekileyo eziphilayo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuchaphazela "isithuba yabucala 'nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Oku kwenzeka zombini phakathi kwamalungu zohlobo olufanayo kunye ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeka impefumlelwano yingozi okanye hayi, ukwahlukanisa iindlela cala, ezintle nezimbi lobudlelane.

Kukho ubudlelwane apho zombini umzimba musa ukufumana nantoni na ekuthiwa neutralism. intsebenziswano entle kugqalwa mutualism - a, okusoloko kuyinzuzo co-ukubakho ngabanye. Ngokupheleleyo isimo esibi ingabizwa allelopathy, xa ngokuhlalisana Ayize nakanye omabini amaqela. Oku kuquka intraspecific kunye interspecific khuphiswano.

Ezinye ubudlelwane neziphumo ezahlukileyo emzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, xa uburhamncwa kunye parasitism omnye eziphilayo ukusinda kwi enye okanye uyawondla. Xa Commensalism ubabalo ifumana ubudlelwane nxaxheba kuphela mnye, kuba komnye, ukuba cala. Xa amensalizme umzimba mnye Ayize nakanye komnye, kodwa akazange afumane nawuphi na umonakalo okanye okulungileyo.

ukhuphiswano

izinto ezibalulekileyo ukuze ubomi obuqhelekileyo zezilwanyana, izityalo, Cya kunye nokusingqongileyo sisithuba resource. Ngenxa yokuswela kwawo ukhuphiswano kukho phakathi eziphilayo. Olu hlobo antibiosis - ulwalamano bamchasa uYesu, apho abantu ezahlukeneyo banyanzeleka ukuba balwe ngenxa yobukho bawo.

Wobambiswano zasendle kaninzi kwenzeka xa abantu zineemfuno ezifanayo. Ukuba ukulwa kwenzeka phakathi kwabantu eentlobo mnye, kuba ukhuphiswano intraspecific, ukuba ezahlukeneyo - interspecific.

Bakhuphisane eziphilayo ungenza ngokukhululekileyo, anciphise ngqo kubomi kumdlali welinye icala. Ngokomzekelo, xa iingcambu ezinye izityalo phantsi abanye, okanye ezinye izilwanyana bayagxothwa kude ndawo ashushu. Ukhuphiswano kungaba ngqo. Oku kubonakala xa umdlali welinye icala ngakumbi kutshabalalisa izibonelelo eziyimfuneko.

ukhuphiswano intraspecific

Imizekelo yomzabalazo intraspecific ingabonwa kaninzi. Olu hlobo khuphiswano uyabonakala abantu abantu omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Esona sizathu siphambili oku isakhiwo esifanayo ngayo izinto kunye, ngoko ke, iimfuno ezifanayo imiba yokusingqongileyo kunye nokutya.

ukhuphiswano Intraspecific buqinile ngaphezu interspecific. Okubonakalisa lo mzabalazo kunokubonwa ukwahlulwa-hlulwa indawo ephakathi kwabantu. Ngoko ke, hleze ekhohlo kwi emthini komboko uzipho marks, isilumkiso phambi kwayo. Kuba ukwahlulwa isithuba basoloko ukusebenzisa ivumba, izwi elikhulu lwe alarm. Maxa wambi abantu nje ukuhlasela omnye.

Ukuba kukho ukhuphiswano izibonelelo, maxa wambi azilingani. Kulo mzekelo, elinye icala yomelele ngaphezu kwezinye ehlupheka. Ngenxa ukhuphiswano intraspecific ekugqibeleni omnye inane kungaphela okanye lokuziguqula.

Kutheni kukho ukhuphiswano?

Omnye wale misebenzi ibalulekileyo eziphilayo ukuze usinde, ngaloo kudluliselwa kwinzala ngokwenvelo. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, zidle eziphilayo, ngokuba akukho sikhubekiso, yaye ngenxa yoko akukho iimbambano.

ukhuphiswano Intraspecific kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko engentle yokusingqongileyo, xa umzimba onyanzelwayo ukuba alwe ukukhanya, amanzi okanye ukutya. eyome kungakhokelela notshintsho uhlobo lomjikelo wobomi, ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso yayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyimfuneko. Maxa wambi ukhuphiswano kwenzeka xa abantu bathi ukuba ilungelo ukubalasela kwi seenkomo, nasempahleni emfutshane okanye ikratshi. Oku kuziphatha kwenzeka izilwanyana apho kwavela iinkokeli.

Indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa loxinano babantu. ukukhula kakhulu yabemi uhlobo olunye ngaphezu kwexesha, kukhokelela yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo. Ukuze uphephe oku, kwezinye iintlobo, ezifana iimpuku, nokuba kubonakala isifo kukothuka. ukukwazi Izilwanyana 'ukuba zande ngokukhawuleza unciphisa, kodwa yandisa susceptibility kwizifo ngezifo.

Indima kunye ezisebenza yokhuphiswano

Ukhuphiswano sisixhobo ebalulekileyo indalo. Kwindawo yokuqala lulungiselwe ukulawula isixa ngabanye. uhlobo nganye inayo mninzi ixabiso layo elivumelekileyo, xa abathile phakathi ababodwa iba kakhulu, kuquka neendlela zolawulo. Ukwenza le ndima, indalo usebenzisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ukusweleka landa, kwisahlulo ntsimi.

Kwimeko Inabantu kunye nesithuba olungephi, mhlawumbi abanye shiya kwindawo eqhelekileyo, kwaye baphuhlise omnye. Ngoko ke, ukususela enye labantu ezimbini kuma ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba zisasazwe ngokubanzi lweentlobo kunye basinde. Iintlobo ezithile yale nkqubo - xesha, umzekelo iintaka zifuduka.

Ngenxa ukhuphiswano intraspecific ekugqibeleni asinde uzinze ezinozinzo ngamnye. iimpawu zabo komzimba zemfuza ngesini, yaye ngaloo ndlela negalelo ekuphuculweni lweentlobo.

Imizekelo intraspecific nokhuphiswano interspecific

Ukwahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini kukhuphiswano akusoloko kulula. Ukuze uqonde oku ngcono abangaboniyo. Umzekelo kukhuphiswano interspecific unako ukukhonza njenge "uloyiso" phezu nempuku abamnyama hina. Baya kuba sodidi efanayo, kodwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. ibuzi Gray lunamandla kwaye longanyelwe ubukhulu, ngoko lula ukwazi ukuba bathabath 'omnyama ngaphandle kumakhaya abantu. Kodwa black undwendwe rhoqo kwi ubumiwe ngabeelwandle iinqanawa.

Njengoko imodeli ukhuphiswano intraspecific onokubakhankanya inyama, nto leyo ibhiyozelwa malunga 1300 iintlobo zezilwanyana. uMntanezulu Abasetyhini badla inkunzi emva ezikhwelayo ngoko nangoko. Ukuziphatha efanayo ibonwa packs, UMHLOLOKAZI. Noonomadudwane, salamanders adle nenzala yabo. zinambuzane abaninzi ezidla badle abalingane babo.

Uhlobo ukhuphiswano lwangaphakathi territoriality. Senzeka iintlanzi, yoonombombiya kunye nabanye iintaka. Ngexesha lokuzala, azikho abameli hlobo yayo avunyelwe kwintsimi yaso, nto leyo vika ngenyameko.

Ukhuphiswano kwizityalo

Izityalo, kodwa ayikwazi ekuhleni ukuhlasela icala lukoyikise yena, naye, kuba iindlela zabo kukhuphiswano. umzabalazo wabo ikakhulu ukukhanya, amanzi kunye nendawo. Kwiimeko ezimaxongo zempilo ukhuphiswano intraspecific izityalo athe wabonakala ngokohlobo self-hedge.

Le nkqubo iqala nge kwindawo distribution imbewu nezityalo capture. izithole ukhahlele ukuze aphuhlise ngendlela efanayo, ezinye ikhula ngenkuthalo, abanye ngokucothayo. imithi emide kunye onabileyo, nesithsaba akusibekele eminye imithi, ngokuthatha amandla elanga lonke ngokwawo, kunye iingcambu zabo ayangenana umendo izondlo. Ngoko ke izityalo ezincinane kunye buthathaka abune, sife.

Ukhuphiswano siboniswe uhlobo lwangaphandle kwezityalo. Abameli uhlobo olunye zinokwahluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke iqondo ukuzikhetha kwezinye izilwanyana. Bukela le meko banokuba emterebhintini. ikhula ngokwahlukileyo, iye ibe liliso elibhukali nelibanzi, isithsaba ekusasazeni. Amasebe asezantsi enamandla aphuhliswe kakuhle, akukho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka phezulu. Ehlathini, phakathi kwezinye imithi, amasebe asezantsi awukwazi ukufumana ukukhanya ngokwaneleyo baze bafe. Oak uba emxinwa, side isithsaba endaweni ukulenza.

isiphelo

Ukhuphiswano yenye yeendidi ubudlelane. Kuthatha indawo phakathi zonke eziphilayo ngaphandle kokukhetha. Eyona njongo iphambili kolu khuphiswano ithathwa ukulawula lexinene ngabanye, kwakunye nokwandisa ubuchule babo ukuze asinde. ukhuphiswano rhoqo kwenzeka ngenxa kumzabalazo ukutya, amanzi, ukukhanya okanye ummandla. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke ngenxa yokushota usiko enye kwezi zibonelelo.

Ukhuphiswano ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka phakathi zezinto zineemfuno ezifanayo. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa ukufana eziphilayo, ukulwa ngokomelela ndlongondlongo ngakumbi. Bakhuphisane izibonelelo kuba abantu zombini kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo. ukhuphiswano Intraspecific kuqhele ukuba njalo ukusekwa umntu elibalaseleyo, kwakunye zabemi ukukhula ngokugqithiseleyo.