Yintoni na ke iintaba isongiwe yodwa: imizekelo. ezintabeni yokuhlela

Phezu komhlaba amane ekhulwini ehlanganiswa iintaba. Olu hlobo isiqabu, emele ukunyuka elibukhali phakathi kwezinye mmandla, kunye notshintsho ukuphakama ebonakalayo - up to kwiikhilomitha ezininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha ezintabeni umgca Kuyacaca emazantsi ithambeka, kodwa kaninzi - njengomthombe esihlanjeni.

Fumana iintaba isongiwe kwimephu ilula kakhulu, kuba iintaba, njengoko anjalo, kukho kuyo yonke indawo, phezu ngokupheleleyo onke amazwekazi kwaye nkqu kwi siqithi ngasinye. Ndaweni kukho ngaphezulu ethile - ngaphantsi, ezifana e-Australia. E Antarctica wabo ifihla ice iyabanda. Liphezulu (kunye mncinane), inkqubo yeentaba - malayas, elide - Andes, leyo ndasolula kulo lonke Umzantsi Melika ezisixhenxe nesiqingatha nekhilomitha eziliwaka.

Indlela endala entabeni

Iintaba - njengabantu, nabo babe entsha, abaqolileyo nabadala. Kodwa ukuba abantu ngaphezu omncinane, kokukhona kakuhle, ngoko yonke indlela ngeenxa ezintabeni: eweni namageduka nokuphakama eliphezulu ibonisa eselula.

Iintaba ezindala kunye isiqabu igugile, atshabalalisa, ukuphakama ayikho umahluko omkhulu kangaka. Umzekelo, i-Pamir - iintaba abaselula kunye nemvelo - ubudala, na ikhadi show.

Iimpawu lokukhululeka

ezintabeni Eyisongile ke isakhiwo ebalulekileyo, kodwa uviwo enenkcukacha kuyimfuneko ukwazi imigaqo eyenziwe iimpawu jikelele isiqabu. Oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba ezintabeni eziphakamileyo, kodwa ngokoqobo imitha ukutenxa kwimo nemihlaba tyaba - ekuthiwa-entabeni microrelief. On ukukwazi lokuhlela ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kuxhomekeke kulwazi ngqo ngoko ke iintaba.

Apha kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana unyawo, iintlambo, nelamaxandeka, moraines, wavingcela, nasentshonalanga, iincopho, ezihambayo, kunye nabanye abaninzi, njengoko emhlabeni kukho iintlobo ezininzi, kuquka ezintabeni lisongiwe.

Ukuhlelwa ezintlomeni zeentaba

Ubude enokufakwa phantsi kodidi ilula kakhulu - onke amaqela amathathu:

• iintaba Low nge ekuphakameni hayi ngaphezulu kwe khilomitha. Amaninzi ezi iintaba ubudala, atshatyalaliswe kwexesha, okanye abaselula kakhulu, likhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Baye lirhangqwa incopho, nelamaxandeka nokuthantamisa, apho batyale imithi. Ezi ziintaba kwilizwekazi ngalinye.
• Midlands ukuphakama evela neemitha eziliwaka ukuya amawaka amathathu. Nantsi ke enye, ukutshintsha komhlaba, kuxhomekeke ukuphakama --kuthiwa ummandla omkhulu-ukuphakama. Ezi zintaba - eSiberia kwiMpuma Ekude, kwi Apennine, kwi-Iberia, eScandinavia, i Appalachian Mountains, kunye nabanye abaninzi.
• Highlands - ngaphezu kwamawaka amathathu leemitha. Kuhlala iintaba abaselula, zibethwa yemozulu, iimpembelelo zotshintsho kwamaqondo obushushu kunye ice nokukhula. iimpawu uphawu: Imikhombe - iintili emkhumbini-ezimilise, eCarling - iincopho ezibukhali, cirques glacial - ngathi ngezitya nzulu kumathambeka. imimandla Apha indawo eliphawulwe - ehlathini emazantsi, ice iintlango kufutshane phezulu. Igama elithi ukushwankathela ezi mpawu, - "landscape Alpine". Alps - abaselula kakhulu zentaba, kwakunye malayas, i Karakoram, i Andes, i Rocky Mountains kunye nezinye siphindwe.

Classification ngokunjalo hot

Indawo esikuyo isiqabu ekwabelwana ngayo ezintabeni, intaba amaqela intaba inkqubo, neentaba kunye intaba single. Acatshuliweyo ezinkulu - imimandla weentaba: Alpine-zeHimalaya - ngaphesheya Eurasia, kwiAltiplano Cordillera, - kuzo zombini aseMelika.

A kancinane - ilizwe weentaba ukuba onamathele yi Ezintabeni ezininzi entabeni. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo intaba iquka iqela leentaba lwamawa abaneminyaka efanayo, uninzi iintaba ngokufuthi kubhaliwe lisongiwe. Imizekelo: Appalachian Mountains, Sangre de Cristo.

Mountains Group yahlukile ukusuka kuluhlu ongavelisi bakuzibalela phezulu kwabo elide, komcu elimxinwa. ezintabeni zodwa ngabo abo lomthobo mlilo. Ngokutsho uhlobo wahlulwe ube iincopho spiked, ihewu-ezifana, amajukujuku emile, kunye nabanye. Seamounts ke abo iziqithi ifomu iincopho.

ezintabeni Education

Orogeny - a oluntsonkothileyo iinkqubo, apho namawa batyumke zibe nezibaya zemihlambi. Yintoni na ke iintaba elisongiweyo, makwazeke oosonzululwazi kakhulu, kwaye yindlela beza - zithathelwa ingqalelo hypothesis kuphela.

• hypothesis First - imisele yolwandle. Le maphu ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba zonke inkqubo intaba iindawo ezisemaphandleni amazwekazi. Ngoko ngezantsi rock lighter rocks ocean lizwekazi. Movement ngaphakathi Umhlaba ngokungathi ukucudisa kwilizwekazi ngaphandle izibilini zalo, kunye neentaba lisongwe - uyakhululwa kwi kumphezulu emazantsi ilizwe. Lo mbono uye iintshaba ezininzi. Umzekelo, iintaba isongiwe yodwa - oko malayas, nto leyo ngokucacileyo hayi ezantsi, ekubeni kwi ukuhlasela. Kwaye kule hypothesis Awukwazi ukuchaza ubukho nemingxuma - emikhombeni geosynclinal.
• Hypothesis Leopold Kober, isakhiwo zejoloji zomthonyama Alps wakhe. Ezi ezintabeni abatsha okwangoku mayibhalwe phantsi kweenkqubo etshabalalisayo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ziithrasti ezinkulu zomhlaba liphuhlise elime elikhulu ilitye lentlenga. Alps yacacisa imvelaphi yayo, kodwa indlela akukho efanayo ukubonakala nezinye iintaba, ukusebenzisa le mbono akusekho kukwazi ndawo.
• Drift amazwekazi - ingcamango ethandwa kakhulu, kakhulu, uye wagxeka njengoba uchaza yonke inkqubo orogeny.
• flow Subcortical ngaphakathi Umhlaba kubangela deformation bobume kwaye enze intaba. Noko ke, le hypothesis ayikhange singqiniwe. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uluntu, kodwa bengazi, nkqu parameters ezifana lobushushu wezasekhaya komhlaba, yaye kokukhona - le viscosity, fluidity kunye crystal structure of deep rock amandla compressive njalo njalo.
• Hypothesis of ucinezelo yoMhlaba - enobuhle kunye neengxaki. Asazi ukuba iplanethi oluhlala ubushushu okanye uphulukana nayo xa elahlekile - le mbono iyahambelana ukuba kwiivenkile - akukho.

Yintoni le ezintabeni

Imisele ye kwesikhoko aqokelelwe zonke iintlobo zamatye lentlenga, ngoko leyo Ndayishwabanisa nokusebenzisa iintaba isongiwe mlilo kwakhiwa. Imizekelo: Appalachian Mountains kunxweme olusempuma nakuMntla Melika, i zeZagros eTurkey.

kwabonakala iintaba block ngenxa siyabakhuthaza ziitectonic plates ye amaphutha kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Ezifana California - Sierra Levada. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sele ukusekwa isongiwe ngesiquphe aqalise ukuvuka ecaleni nandzu. Ngoko ke bakha, kwimifingo yeentaba-block. Eyona yoqobo - Mountains Appalachian.

Ezo yeentaba kwasekwa njenge iyaxela elisongiweyo zeengxondorha, kodwa waphula iziphene abancinane zaziibloko kunye ukuya phezulu ezahlukeneyo, kakhulu, ulisonge-block. Tien-shan, umzekelo, ngokunjalo Altayskie.

intaba enhle - nto enhle iinkqubo siyabakhuthaza kunye ukhukuliseko ziitectonic plates kwi ariya encinci. Yiyo le ezintabeni weSithili Ichibi eNgilani, kwakunye Black Hills, elise South Dakota.

udaka mlilo wabumba phantsi kwempembelelo. Zabo iintlobo ezimbini: mlilo (Fujiyama, kwaye ezifana) kunye mlilo ikhaka (ngaphantsi eliphezulu kwaye macala njalo).

sezulu entabeni

Le ntaba sezulu eyahlukileyo ngokwesiseko naziphi na ezinye iindawo kwemozulu. Amaqondo imenyu kuba ukuphakama zonke ezilikhulu ubude ngaphezu kwesiqingatha isidanga. Umoya, kakhulu, idla kubanda kakhulu, ezincedwa lisibekele. iinkanyamba rhoqo.

Neqela zomhlaba kunye womoya xi uvikivwa. Everest, umzekelo, ku-250 mm HG. Amanzi amathumba ashushu asibhozo anesithandathu.

I-, isiciko ephakamileyo kwezityalo ngaphantsi ukugqiba engekho, yaye zomkhenkce kunye neminqwazi ikhephu phantse ngokupheleleyo ubomi ndingekho.

yalelo linear

Ngenxa uhlalutyo nandzu-ziitectonic plates ukuba unako ukwenza isigqibo sokuba isongiwe iintaba, kunye result ukuba kwasekwa nendlela ngokuxhomekeke ubunzulu iimpazamo langa. Zonke - yamandulo kwaye mihla - iindawo ezisezintabeni zibandakanyiwe kwimimandla kumgama owazisayo ezithile apho kwasekwa kuphela kumacala amabini - kumntla-ntshona nomntla-mpuma, ukuphindaphinda indlela iimpazamo ezinzulu.

Ezi iibhanti abo amaqonga fringed. Kukho ubudlelwane: etshintsha isikhundla kunye nokumila utshintsho eqongeni kunye nemilo bangaphandle, kunye nezifundo emibhinqweni ngomphetho isithuba. Xa ngokwakha usombulule ezishushu zonke zomhlaba amadlala (iibhloko) lwesiseko crystalline. intshukumo ethe nkqo ye iibhloko isiseko ibe intaba esongiweyo.

iindawo Imizekelo Carpathians okanye Verkhoyanskaya-Chukotskaya ukubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iintshukumo zomhlaba ngexesha ukubunjwa ezibayeni ntaba. Uphawu efanayo yenzekile kunye zeZagros.

phawu neznye

Ezintabeni, kwatshintsha yonke into - ukusuka izakhiwo ukuya kwisakhiwo. Ezingxondorheni, umzekelo, utshintsho inye Rockies bonke ubude bazo. Kumntla - schists Paleozoic kunye limestones, njl - kufutshane Colorado - granites, igneous kunye neetyuwa Mesozoic. Okunye ngezantsi - kumbindi - mlilo, eziphezu kwiindawo ezisemantla musa ayisekho. kuya kuvela Ipatheni efanayo, xa siqwalasela isakhiwo wejoloji ezinye Ezintabeni ezininzi entabeni.

Bathi ukuba alwenzeki iintaba ezimbini ncam, kodwa massifs mlilo, umzekelo, baqhele ukuba babe uthotho iimpawu ezifanayo. Ukuchaneka imilo kwecone mlilo Japanese kwaye Philippine, umzekelo. Kodwa ngoku siqala nocazululo olunzulu zejoloji, siyabona ukuba ilizwi kulungile. Uninzi mlilo yaseJapan iqanjwa andesite (daka), namawa Philippine - abangelwe, i enkulu kakhulu ngenxa eninzi yentsimbi ngakumbi. A Cascade Mountains of Oregon ziyadibana mlilo rhyolite (dust).

ngexesha lokusekwa entabeni esongiweyo

imfundo Mountains kuyo yonke le nkqubo kwenzeke enkosi geosynclines nophuhliso ngamaxesha ezahlukeneyo zejoloji, nkqu xesha ngokusonga phambi Cambrian. Kodwa ezintabeni mihla besebancinane kuphela (bethetha kakhulu, kunjalo) - kuvuselele Cenozoic. iintaba abadala kudala kwaye ezityatyekwa owavuswayo iinguqu ezintsha zomhlaba ngohlobo iibhloko kunye neekhowudi.

iintaba enhle-block - ngokufuthi sizakwenziwa. Bathi eqhelekileyo eliselula, lisongiwe. Namhlanje le ukukhululeka Umhlaba - neotectonics. Uyakwazi ukufunda yokukhwabusha, izakhiwo ziitectonic plates kwasekwa, xa siqwalasela umahluko ubudala ezintabeni, kwaye zidalwe isiqabu kuyo. Ukuba Cenozoic - oko kutshanje, kunzima ukucinga malunga ubudala ekwenzeke kuzo ilitye le zokuqala intaba.

iintaba mlilo kuphela akhule tye phambi kwamehlo akho - zonke ngexesha dubulo. Ziqhume akholisa ukubakho kwindawo enye, ngoko iqhekeza ngalinye, udaka luyakha phezulu entabeni. Xa iziko kwelizwekazi mlilo - lwepaki. Baya bakholisa ukwenza kwisiqithi yonke kwamanzi, ngokufuthi ukuzazi pewa km amawaka aliqela elide.

Njengoko ezintabeni die

Mountains luyavumelana ngonaphakade. Kodwa zife, phofu ecothayo-, xa kuthelekiswa nobomi babantu. Ngoko ke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ingqele, iliwa lwahlukane zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Ngoko kwakhiwa kobutyobo, nto leyo ke ikhephu okanye ice siyadilizwa phantsi, ukwakha xitsunga gquma. Kuyinto amanzi - emvula, ikhephu, nesichotho - ukulwa indlela yabo nkqu donga obuhlala an. Amanzi uqokelela emlanjeni, leyo amalungiselelo ngokwabo lokuvula olugobileyo phakathi ezintabeni komfula. Imbali ukutshatyalaliswa zeentaba ongagungqiyo, kambe ke, elide, kodwa kunqandwa. Kunye ezihambayo! loza lonke, ngamanye amaxesha, wonqanyulwa ngokupheleleyo kude kubo.

ukhukuliseko kancane ukunciphisa iintaba, zizenza entilini; ndaweni eluhlaza, imilambo anzongonzongo, kwindawo ethile ibhungane, isanti otshlifovyvaya zonke iinduli eseleyo. A ubuso Umhlaba kuthiwa "peneplain" - phantse ethafeni. Kwaye mna ndithi, eli nqanaba kwenzeka kunqabile kakhulu. Intaba azalwe! Eqweqweni iqala ukuhamba kwakhona, lo mmandla liphuma, ukuqala isigaba entsha yophuhliso isiqabu.