UJack London: I-Biography njenge-Ideal Search

Ukuthandana kwemifanekiso eyenziwe yi talente yaseJack London, inkani yamaqhawe akhe azama ukufezekisa le njongo, nangona yonke imithintelo, indawo engavamile eyenza abalinganiswa bakhe abasebenzisa ngokumangalisayo umfundi, ngakumbi ukuba oko kwenzeka okokuqala, imisebenzi yakhe engcono.

Ubuntwana

Umntwana wazalwa ngumfazi okhuselekileyo ngo-1876 kunye neSan Francisco ngaphandle komtshato. Ubaba ongumthonyama, umYuda wase-Ireland, umlobi weenkwenkwezi, wamshiya umntwana. Kwiinyanga ezilishumi ezisibhozo, umama ushada nomntu owamkela umntwana owamkelwayo kunye negama linguJohn (uJack ligama elincinci likaJohn) iGriffith eLondon, kunye nokukhathazeka ngokwenene. Kwaye uJack, waba ngunyana onothando nothando kumntu owamkhuphayo. Intsapho yayihlala kwinqanaba lomzi omkhulu, e-Oakland, kwaye yayihlala yonke into embi ngakumbi. Evukile ngehora lesithathu ekuseni kwaye isasaza amaphepha amasa, inkwenkwe leyo eneminyaka elishumi yaza yabalekela esikolweni, yaza yathwala amaphepha asemini. Xa wayesemncinci, waqala ukusebenza kwifektri. Wayesesitotweni seshumi elinesibhozo kunye neeyure ezingama-20 ngokulandelana. Isikolo esinzima saloo nto uJack London (i-biography ibonisa oko) yadlula ebusheni. Kamva uya kuyichaza kuMartin Eden.

Uthando lolwandle

Ichweba laseSan Francisco, kunye neenqanawa zivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, zajika intloko yeselula. Wathatyathwa "kwi-oyster". Emva kokuthenga izitolo ezimnyama lo obomi babonakala bethandeka kakhulu kumfana omtsha uJack. Inkululeko, ukulwa, i-zucchini, i-whisky-yonke le ntloko yathandana noJack London. I-Biography ingaphelisa ngokubuhlungu: ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza wayenokulala. Kodwa uJack waqhubeka ekhonza kwi-patrol patrol, eyayilwa namaqhinga, kwaye yatshintsha indlela yokuphila. Kamva incwadi ethi "Iindaba zokuloba" ziza kupapashwa. Kodwa iphupha lesibhakabhaka se-adventure kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngoko ke, eneminyaka eyi-17 uqeshelwa ngumfundi we-schooner eya kwi-Bering Sea ngenxa yeempawu. Jack London, I-biography yale nto ibonisa ukuba, ukulwa kweengxabano kunqoba indawo kunye nentlonelo ye-schooner phakathi kwabanqwelisi-iScandinavians. Wakwazi ukubonisa ubungqina bokuthi wayeyinyani "ingcuka yolwandle". Olu hambo aluzange lukhuni kwaye aluzange lugqithise, kodwa lunikele ezininzi izinto ezintsha. Emva koko baya kufaka isiseko semisebenzi yakhe yaselwandle, efundwa ngomoya omnye. Bayomzisa uthando kunye nodumo emhlabeni jikelele. UJack London, lo mboniso ubonisa, waphumelela uvavanyo lwesibindi. Ekubuyeni kwakhe, amabali akhe ayenelisekile intsapho, kwaye uJack wabhala emaphethelweni etafile ekhitshini incoko "Intshontsho enxweme yaseJapan", epapashwe. Ngaloo ndlela wazalwa ngumlobi waseMerika uJack London, olwabiwo lwalo aluyi kuba lula kakhulu, ukusuka kwintlupheko ukuya kumntu onemali, kwi-socialism kunye neMarxism, ebenokukhanga ngayo, ngokuchasene ngokupheleleyo.

Imibuzo "Gcinani!" Kunye "neNdlela"

Ukungasebenzi kwaJack wajoyina isihlwele samawaka amaninzi angasebenziyo eneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo waya eWashington. Kwaye kwakuthiwa "umkhosi kaKelly," oye walahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza abathathi-nxaxheba endleleni, ngoko uKelly ngokwakhe wayenombono ohluphekileyo ngenjongo yale phulo. Apha, uJack London uyazi ukuba uMarxism, kunye neengcamango zentlalo, kunye neengxaki zobudlelwane be-Socialist Labor Party yaseMelika. Ekugqibeleni uyaqonda ukuba nje njengomlobi angakwazi ukuma eyedwa kwaye anikeze uhlalutyo lweziganeko kunye nezinto eziye zabonwa ngobomi bakhe obufutshane. Jack London, Ubomi obufutshane obuchaza oku, uvakalelwa amandla kunye nokubhala amandla. Kodwa unalo imfundo.

Gold Rush

Ukufunda akukho mali. Ukuze azuze, uya e-Alaska. Ngoko i-Klondike epicic yaseJack London yaqala. Akazange amlethe imali, kodwa umva, kamva kamva wabonakalisa kwiqoqo lamabali athi "iNyana yeWolf", "Inkwenkwezi". Kuzo kunye nabanye abaninzi baya kuchaza ubomi boqobo befuna igolide ngaphandle kokugqithisa, zonke kwiintlobo zexesha elizayo, kodwa umbala umoya wokuthandana kunye nokholo kumntu. Iminyaka engamashumi amane kuphela inikwe umlobi ogama linguJack London, i-biography emfutshane, ubomi obufutshane, buhlungu, buhlungu, obunomdla, owenzelayo, owaziyo.

Umbhali

Ngokugqithiseleyo uJack London waqala ukubhala (okuqhelekileyo kwakungamazwi angama-1000 ngosuku, amaphepha amahlanu kumatshini wokubhala), ukususela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Wabhala amabuthe ambalwa amabali, amanoveli, okwamthandayo, kunye nodumo. Iminyaka yenkqubela efikelelekileyo. Wathunyelwa eNgilani ukuze kulungiswe u- Edward VII. Kwaye waba nomdla kwimeko yabasebenzi baseNgilandi waza wabhala "Abantu be-Abhisss", njengoko wayengumntu ongenamdla kunye nezopolitiko. Kodwa umfazi, umfazi oqhelekileyo, wenqaba ukuqonda imibono yakhe "ebomvu," kwaye uJack London wamhlukanisa, nangona kulo mtshato unentombi ezimbini. Ekuphakameni kwemfazwe yaseRussia-yaseJapane, wathumela umbhali kwiMpuma Ekude kwaye wakhupha iimvakalelo ezinzima kakhulu apho. Kwiimperiyali yaseJapane, wabona ingozi eyingozi kubantu baseAsia nasePacific. Inqaku elithi "Ingozi Yelinen" yabhalwa. Akazange abone umnqweno wase-US wokuhlaziya umhlaba ngokutyhafaza iRashiya. Umlobi-umbhali watyha umfazi owaba ngumfazi kunye nomhlobo wakhe. Kwaphela iminyaka emibini baya kuhambo lweecht. Esi sihlandlo esona siqhamo sokwenza ubuchule bukaJack London. Apha "insimbi yentsimbi" kunye "noMartin Eden" sele iphelile. Ukubuya ekuhambeni, uLondon wazibona njengombhali odumileyo.

Ukujika okubukhali

Wagqiba kwelokuhlala eCalifornia, ukwakha indlu ayefuna ukuyibiza ngokuthi "iNdlu yeWolf" - indawo yakhe, apho bekuya kuba kuhle ukuba achithe iminyaka eyisele. Indlu ekwakhiwa yaba yindlu, apho kwakukho izinto ezibiza kakhulu nezindabuko. Kodwa phambi kwekhaya elitsha iphupha langaphakathi libekwe umlilo. Watshwenyeka. Kodwa ndahlala kuhlala emveni kwindlu encinane. Iminyaka yokugqibela, ukuphumelela kwangaphandle, yamlethela udumo kunye nemali. Kodwa wahlushwa yisifo esivela kwiindawo ezitshisayo, utywala obunxilisayo waza waluphazamisa kakhulu isibindi. Kuninzi kangangokuthi waphoqeleka ukuba athathe iziyobisi. Wafa eneminyaka engama-40 kwi-overdose yabo.

Ulindeleke okanye ungalindelanga ukugqibela, kodwa lo yi-biography. UJack London wachaza ngokufutshane "kuMartin Eden," nangona kunjalo, akakwazi ukuchongwa ngokupheleleyo nale nqhawe. Kuzo zonke iifoto zakhe ukhangeleka njengomntu okhanyayo kude kube yimihla yokugqibela.