Yintoni iindawo nkovu lwengingqi?

Mhlawumbi akukho namnye ubuya athi ukuba abantu awona abalulekileyo iinkqubo ezimbini ezihambelanayo - igazi kunye nkovu. Ngokubhekiselele yonke inkqubo yokujikeleza icacile: oko uwugcinayo ukuthuthwa oksijini carbon dioxide, izondlo kunye nemveliso yokucolwa Imveliso esuka nezintso, ulusu, imiphunga kunye namanye amalungu, kodwa thermoregulation ezinegazi elishushu .. Ngoko ke, ukuze zazi ukubaluleka kwayo ebomini kumzimba akunakwenzeka, kodwa hayi ngaphantsi ebalulekileyo, kunye nenkqubo emithanjeni. Nkovu - ingxenye engamanzi igazi, yaye le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuba nkovu yokukhupha amanzi, ukugcinwa homeostasis, nizalise lymphocyte igazi inxaxheba okukwazi humoral kunye zeselula. inkqubo emithanjeni ibandakanya ezalathelwe nkovu kunye neempahla, neyohlulwe ezalathelwe nkovu lwengingqi.

Le nkqubo emithanjeni

Lonke iseti kwezakhiwo kwenkqubo bubonakaliswe womnatha branched iinqanawa (emithanjeni, komboko, imibhobho), apho kukho ezininzi zokutywina - zengingqi okanye zommandla iindawo. Njengoko inkqubo kwegazi ulwelo emzimbeni, inkqubo emithanjeni inoxanduva ukurhoxiswa amanzi amasuntswana ezingenakunyibilika, colloidal kunye nesisombululo wamiswa izicwili. Kule lymphonodes zommandla awo lymphocyte kutshabalalisa izinto eziyingozi ekuzalisekiseni omzimba (protective) function.

Nkovu nodes kwinkqubo

iindawo nkovu - oku kumiswa zomzimba Umbala pink, ezithambileyo kunye elastic ngexesha Ngokucofa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intso-emile, ubude milimitha 0.5 ukuya ku-50. iindawo nkovu zimi omnye okanye ngamaqela, kwaye iindawo ezibalulekileyo yokwakheka omzimba. Bona luphawulwa umahluko ngamnye, kodwa ubudala ezalathelwe eselumelwaneni luyakwazi ukudibanisa. Nodes ukuba ngowokuqala endleleni izitya emithanjeni inkqubo, ephethe nkovu ukusuka kwisebe elithile okanye arhente (ummandla), wabhekisela kwiindawo nkovu yengingqi, okanye lommandla.

Zamanzi umntu

Inani "okucoca ulwelo 'ezifana emzimbeni ngamnye, kodwa avareji yawo ukusuka 400 ukuya 1000. Ukuze uqonde apho kwiindawo nkovu lwengingqi, kuya kunceda scheme elandelayo.

Zamanzi kulo lonke ubomi bomntu ngokutsha, ukutshintsha imilo kunye nesakhiwo. Nobudala, inani labo kuncitshiswa amaxesha 1.5-2, ukuze zidityaniswe okanye indawo kwizicwili okunamafutha. Nodes baba ivaleke ukuba nkovu kunye yome. Ngako oko, imadlana inqanaba omzimba kunye nokumelana jikelele ukuba ungenwe lula zizifo.

nemisebenzi nodes nkovu

Ukongeza ucoco, icandelo le nkqubo emithanjeni yenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• ukwakheka ngqo omzimba (imveliso T-lymphocyte kunye ziiphagocytes);
• zolwelo nokugcina homeostasis;
• kutsalwe kulwelo Embi;
• inxaxheba nethe ibalulekileyo iiprotheni, amafutha, carbohydrate.

Iintlobo nodes nkovu lommandla

Amaqela nodes nkovu zilungiswe ukuze ukuvala umendo usulelo. Chonga amaqela zilandelayo ezalathelwe nkovu lommandla:

• mediastinal (thoracic);
• bronhopulmonologicheskie;
• ingqiniba and popliteal;
• spleen;
• paraortalnye;
• bryzzheykovye.
• iliac;
• inguinal kunye femoral.

Ukwanda kwiindawo nkovu zengingqi kubonisa inkathazo kuloo mmandla "Iinkonzo" unit, nto leyo sisalathisi luxilongo izifo.

Ubume esiludumbo nkovu

Anatomically, isakhiwo unalo isakhiwo lobed. node nganye ehlanganiswa nokuqina ijwabu capsule. Ubuchopho (lwangaphandle) kunye cortical (ngaphakathi) izinto yahlulwe trabeculae okanye kwemivalo enqamlezileyo.

Le Medulla iqulethe zoboya, apho B lymphocyte baye nokwanda kunye nohlenga of iantigens. Le neuron iqulethe ubukhulu becala T-lymphocyte ukuba apha, kananjalo, zivuthwe, kwaye umohluko. iindawo nkovu eyenziwe omzimba ukuba nezakhi amazwe, nto leyo izisa ku imibhobho nkovu sinusoidal. Iiseli imigudu macrophage umphezulu-camera, leyo ingxaki - ukutshatyalaliswa yezinto zasemzini.

Kwiindawo apho isitya emithanjeni emnyango na ingcamango - masango. njengezingxobo sine - slits ezizodwa phakathi philisi kunye crossbeams - nkovu engena uthinte philisi kunye Medulla, baya kungena portal kwaye kungena isitya kukukhupha sinus. Xa edlula ubume esiludumbo nto yabonakala nkovu.

Types of nodes nkovu

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iintlobo ezintathu izakhiwo data:

• ukusabela ngokukhawuleza apho kwindawo uthinte incinane ebuchotsheni. Zizaliswe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
• isakhiwo compact okanye impendulo slow - le uthinte ngaphezu lobuchopho.
• EsiPhakathi - zombini izinto (uthinte nobuchopho) lucaciswa kule mali efanayo.

Le kwayo ngamnye uhlobo oluthile nodes nkovu ommandla abantu kuxhomekeke kakhulu ukusebenza unyango lomhlaza.

Umonakalo isakhiwo

Xa ephilayo esempilweni, kwiindawo nkovu ayikho buhlungu kwaye phantse uvalo. Ukuba kwiindawo nkovu zengingqi ziphangalalisiwe, oko kubonisa imeko kwizisweli kummandla apho esi sakhiwo libhekisela. Ukwandisa ubukhulu nanobubele kwindawo site kubonisa ubukho amagciwane (herpes, imasisi, rubella) okanye ukuphazamiseka zeethishu nokuqina (samathambo, rheumatism). sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi anzulu nodes nkovu zengingqi kuvandlakanywa lymphedema, lifangiome, lymphosarcoma, lymphadenitis, isifo sephepha, i-HIV, kwaye ke kamva inqanaba ezitshangubeni somhlaza amasebe awohlukeneyo. Xa uphawu lokuqala inkxalabo, kufuneka bafune iingcebiso zonyango. Kuba lokufunyaniswa karhulumente uphando ichanekileyo namhlanje US nkovu yengingqi iindawo.

Xa ukuba ufune uncedo lonyango

Ukunyuka unit - isizathu ukubona ugqirha (zizifo, izifo ezosulelayo, Oncology). Kodwa musa ukuphaphazela - kaninzi ngakumbi le meko kunokuba- sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi esosulelayo, singasathethi ngumhlaza.

• Xa ubovu ukudumba emzimbeni amagciwane inxeba bangene kwiindawo nkovu, ibangela lymphadenitis - inkqubo oyingozi arhabaxa. Ukuba ngaba ukuvula esiludumbo iyabhiqiza basenokuba cellulitis - kwingxaki kakhulu komsipha ye esiludumbo nkovu.
• iintlobo ezahlukeneyo sephepha zisoloko zibangela iindawo nkovu idumbile ( 'okubi yokumkani "vuriwaka-) ngokufuthi kwindawo entanyeni.
• Nodes kungandisa ngexesha usulelo lwe Bartonella kwaye isifo cat ekuqaleni. Abathwali intsholongwane iikati. Ukwanda units namanxeba non-ephilisa kufuneka lokwazisa abazali.
• Lidla iindawo nkovu zanda nge SARS ngenxa ukulwa lomzimba yintsholongwane ahlaselayo. On iiyunithi recovery abuyele eqhelekileyo.
• Kwingingqi inguinal iindawo Ukwanda badla ezinxulumene kunye nezifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (negcushuwa).

Ukongeza ulwalathiso ultrasound, ugqirha sinokudlulisela umguli ukuya segazi epheleleyo, immunogram, uvavanyo lwe-HIV kunye regional nkovu node okuhlatywa kummandla ochaphazelekayo.

Yintoni ke US

survey ngexesha qualitative igqiba impumelelo unyango ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye ugcine impilo nje kuphela, kodwa ubomi umguli. Uphando lubonisa utshintsho node isakhiwo izihlunu, ukuphazamiseka yokujikeleza, izilonda emzimbeni, izicwili loxinano echo. Xa isifundo zithathelwa ingqalelo yaye ezinxulumene mpawu: Ukugodola, iingqaqambo zomzimba, sokulibala, ukungabi namdla, yintloko. Ukuchaneka Iziphumo ultrasound le saveyi kakhulu eliphezulu. Iimposiso kule utoliko inokuba ngenxa yobukho ithumba okanye cyst endaweni sifundo. Kwimeko enjalo, atyumbe uviwo olongezelelweyo: ukwenza umfanekiso okanye biopsy. Ultrasound Ukuhlolisisa kwiindawo nkovu Akukho Izimo, akuthethi irradiate kwaye hayi ezimbi kwimpilo.

iindawo nkovu Regional webele

Inkqubo emithanjeni zamabele amele amasebe ngaphakathi emzimbeni nangaphandle kuyo. Inkqubo lwangaphakathi zimelwe izihlunu okunamafutha, emithanjeni kunye parenchyma eyiyo ibele. Kwiindawo nkovu zesithili axillary amabele, subclavian neendawo nkovu parasternal. Ukwanda iindawo axillary kunye nokunqongophala kwawo ngemfesane - ngakumbi uphawu yingozi ngaphezu ubukho nokudumba kwaye kubuhlungu Ngokucofa. Ukudumba elingenabuhlungu iindawo lubonisa beqala Ukudlulela yamathumba amabi.

nkovu Regional kwamiliselwa iiprojekthi lengqula

Iziza zengingqi baphathe lengqula nodes entanyeni kwaye abo esemva breastbone. Ukudumba luqala ukwandisa esiludumbo ukudumba nokuthantamisa ku Ngokucofa. Kulo mzekelo, ingozi yosulelo okanye Ukudlulela umhlaza kuba isondele eyingozi ebuchotsheni.

Nokwanda yamathumba zomhlaza

iiseli umhlaza sandile umzimba ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• indlela hematogenous (imithambo yegazi);
• indlela lymphogenous (ngokusebenzisa iimpahla emithanjeni, nkovu kwamiliselwa iiprojekthi nge);
• indlela mixed.

Zamanzi entanyeni - njengomqobo engundoqo zizifo kunye nangezilonda intloko; iindawo ekhwapheni ukukhusela amabele, iingalo, ligoba. Ukudumba kwiindawo inguinal zinokubonisa ukudumba zamaqanda, negcushuwa, kwaye coleitis nokudumba, appendicitis kunye samathambo. Xa ukudumba em- zomlomo udini umhlaza, umhlathi okanye ulwimi kwandisa iindawo nkovu submandibular. yamathumba Umhlaza kwi esiswini metastases esiludumbo nkovu ukunika umsipha sternocleidomastoid.

Cancer nkovu

Ukuba ukwanda izitya nkovu zommandla na onokubalawula kumanqanaba okuqala umhlaza. Kwilizwe Oncology kwi ukusweleka namhlanje, yesibini kuphela ezimbi sentliziyo. I-World Health Organization ebesiyiqikelele ukwanda amaxesha 2 ukubulawa ezimbi amabi, kule minyaka imashumi mabini ezayo. Nazi izibakala ezimbalwa bathethela ngokwabo.

Malunga ne-25% yazo zonke iimeko lomhlaza okubangelwa hepatitis B kunye papilloma virus.

Isahlulo sesithathu zokusweleka ngenxa yomhlaza edityaniswe imithombo yokudla emngciphekweni. Le ukutyeba, izinga eliphantsi kakhulu iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwi ekutyeni, ukungazilolongi, ukuselwa kotywala kunye necuba ukutshaya.

Phakathi ezimbi oncological ehamba umhlaza wemiphunga, landelani yena;, umhlaza wesibindi colon kunye ezinqeni, nesisu kunye nomhlaza webele.

Izalathi eliphezulu lokusweleka abangamakhwenkwe nxalenye eYurophu, nabafazi badla kufa ngumhlaza kwimpuma Afrika.

Ngokutsho WHO, kunyaka ngamnye ngaphezulu kwama-200,000 abantwana abagulayo, benezifo oncological ehlabathini.

Impilo - isipho esixabisekileyo ukuba akakwazi ukuzithenga okanye ungaboleki kuzo wena. Wonke umntu onqwenela ukuba baphile ubomi esebenzayo ukulidla indawo ethile kwezentlalo, kunyanzelekile ukuba anyamekele impilo yakho. Namhlanje ukuba nempilo - oko kusefashonini, kubalulekile ukuba lo mkhuba. Ukutya ngokusempilweni, ukusebenzisa kunokwenzeka, ukuyeka imikhwa emibi - konke oku kuya agule, nokuxhasa umzimba wakho. Noko ke, kwimiqondiso yokuqala kunye neempawu yenkqubo emithanjeni kuyimfuneko ukuba udibane nogqirha. ukufikelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuhlolwa umgangatho isifo oluchanekileyo - isitshixo kunyango ngempumelelo, abuyele nempilo entle ixesha elide.