UHenry Longfellow: I-Biography kunye nobuCala

Ubunono bukaHenry Longfellow buyaziwa nawuphi na umntu ophantsi okanye ophantsi. Iingoma zakhe zothando zikhawu elikhanyayo kwiincwadi zaseMelika kunye nenkcubeko. Makhe sikhulume ngexesha lomlobi, yintoni eyathintela umsebenzi wakhe kunye neziphi iincwadi umlobi okufanele azifunde kuwo wonke umntu.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nemvelaphi

Umlobi ozayo uHenry Longfellow wazalwa ngoFebruwari 27, 1807 ePortland , eMaine. Intsapho yakhe ivela eYorkshire. Ookhokho bakaHenry beza eUnited States ngekhulu le-17 kwaye banamathela kwimibono engqongqo yePuritan. Kwili dolophu encinane yasePortland, intsapho yaseLandfellow yayinentlonelo enkulu. Uyise wengomso wexesha elizayo wayengummeli, ilungu leCongress kwaye wanikela intsapho yakhe ngenhlalakahle enhle.

UHenry, ukususela ebuntwaneni, wayehlala eninzi kwaye unokunikela ixesha lakhe kwizinto azithandayo. Wayengumntwana ophuphayo kwaye okhutheleyo. Xa le nkwenkwe ivile ukuba kwinqanawa abahamba ngeenqanawa bathetha iSpanish, isiFrentshi, isiTaliyane, baza bacinga amazwe akude baza baphupha ukuhamba kunye nokuzonwabisa. Wafunda kakhulu, ngakumbi wayemthanda iWashington Irving. Kukho ngaphantsi kwefuthe le-romance yaseMerika ukuba uThafellow uqala ukuzizama kwiingqungquthela. Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-13 uHenry wayishicilela imibongo yakhe yokuqala kwiphephandaba leedolophu.

Imfundo:

Imfundo yokuqala kaHenry Longfellow, eyabalinganiswa nayo kwiminyaka yokuqala yayinxulumene nePortland, yamkelwa kwidolophu yakubo. Emva koko wangena kwiKholeji yaseBowden yaseYunivesithi yaseHarvard, apho wafunda khona nomlobi obalaseleyo waseMerika, u-romanticist uNathaniel Hawthorne.

Ngo-1825, uHenry waphumelela kwiikholeji waza wafumana isipho sokuba nguprofesa weSebe leeLwimi ezintsha. Ukuze kudlule ukuhlolwa kweemviwo, u-Longfellow uhamba ngohambo olukhulu lwaseYurophu, oluyiminyaka emithathu. Waye tyelela eItali, eFransi, eSpain, eNgilani, apho wafunda khona iincwadi kunye neelwimi. Emva koko, wayekulungele ukuqala ukufundisa.

INzululwazi kunye nokufundisa

Ngomnyaka we-1829, uHenry Wadsworth Longfellow, owayesele edibene neencwadi, waqala ukusebenza kwiKholeji yaseBowden. Emva kweminyaka engama-6, wamenywa kwisikhundla soprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard. Ngokwesiko esele sisisiseko, u-Longfellow uqala ukuya eYurophu, apho kunyaka owandisa khona umgangatho. Emva koko uqala ukusebenza eHarvard.

Ngethuba leminyaka yokufundisa uHenry uye wakhula izifundo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwiinjongo zesayensi kwiincwadi ezinkulu zaseYurophu, kwaye ushicilela ezininzi iinguqulelo zeencwadi zeSpeyin. I-University of Longfellow iya kusebenza ukususela ngo-1854, ngokuhambelana nokufundisa, inxaxheba ekudalweni kwincwadi.

Ukubiza

Umnqweno wencwadi uHenry Longfellow wafumana ebusheni. Uvavanyo lwakhe lokuqala lwaluyimpongo, kodwa kamva wazama ngokwakhe ngeprose. Ngobutsha bakhe wabhala iinkondlo ezininzi, kodwa ezi zinto zakuba ngamava kuphela abafundi. Kwiminyaka yakhe yokufunda, uHenry wayevame ukuthumela imibongo yakhe kumaphephancwadi nakwiimaphephandaba aze apapashe. Ingqikithi, ngeli xesha wapapasha malunga neengoma ezi-40 ezincinane. Ukuzibonakalisa kwakhe kwindlela eya eYurophu I-Longfellow ebhalwe ngeprose, yayiyintlobo ye-diary yokuhamba, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Pilgrimage for the Sea". Lo msebenzi ushicilelwe ngo-1835. Kodwa i-Longfellow yayingumlobi ozelwe, ngoko ke ekupheleni kwe-1830s waqala ukubhala imibongo kuphela.

Ukudala

Udumo lokuqala lo mbongi wabuya emva kokushicilelwa kwenkondlo ethi "INdumiso yoBomi", isampuli yamazwi angenanto. Ukususela ekupheleni kweentsuku ezingama-30, uvelisa rhoqo iikopi zeengoma, ezinikezela udumo oluzinzileyo lobomi bomlobi. UHenry Longfellow, ombongo wakhe onokuhlukaniswa yaba ngamaqela amakhulu amathathu, uvela kwi-copycat kunye nothando kumbhali okhulileyo onomntu ocacileyo.

Iingxenye zemisebenzi yeebongozi ziguqulela kwaye zixelisa abalobi baseYurophu. Wayeguqulela kwisiNgesi esithi "Ulwahlulo Lwaphezulu" lweDante, kwaye oku kuyilona lobugcisa. Eli qela libandakanya ezininzi ze-ballad Longfellow kwizifundo zakwa-Yurophu zendabuko.

Iqela lesibini lezenzo likaHenry Longfellow liyingcali yefilosofi enesicatshulwa esincinane. Kubandakanya, umzekelo, imisebenzi "Izinyoni ezifudulayo", "Iindlebe zobusuku", "Iris" kunye nabanye.

Iqela lesithathu leetekisi zengqungquthela yimizamo yakhe ekudalweni kweengqungquthela zesizwe, ziquka igama elidumileyo elithi "Ingoma yeHiawatha" kunye ne "Evangeline". Ukuzimela ngaphandle kusebenza yi-Longfellow, ezinikezelwe kwingxelo yenkululeko nenkululeko yekhoboka ebukhosini. Kwiminyaka ye-1940, ezininzi iimbongi ze-United States zajoyina intshukumo yokubhubhisa, ukunyuswa kobukhoboka, kodwa uHenry wazibonakalisa kwesi sihloko ngaphantsi kwabaninzi abasebenza naye.

Ingqungquthela yomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala, i-Longfellow ikhishwe iziqokelelo zeengoma ezi-15, kunye nezimbongo ezihlukeneyo kunye nezibongo. Kwakhona kwilifa lakhe kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi kunye ne-anthology enhle yeengqungquthela zaseYurophu.

"Ingoma yeHiawatha"

Kodwa nangenxa yenzalo yempumelelo enkulu kaHenry Longfellow - "Ingoma yeHiawatha." Le nkondlo yashicilelwa ngowe-1855, ubukhulu bayo bombongo bubolekwa kwi-famous Karelian epos Kalevala. Isalathiso somsebenzi sithathwe kwiimbali zamaNdiya aseMerika aseMerika. Umlobi uhlaziya iinkolelo ze - cosmogonic ze- aborigines, ufuna ukudala isizwe samazwe aseMerika njengo-Scandinavian Edda. Umsebenzi uhlukaniswe ngolu hlobo lwengqungquthela kunye nokuphakama kwesilayidi. Namhlanje, "Ingoma yeHiawatha" yinkcazo yeencwadi zase-US.

Ubomi bomntu

Iingqungquthela uHenry Longfellow, onobumba bakhe obunxulumene neencwadi, wayephumelele emsebenzini wakhe, kodwa akayivuyo ebomini bakhe. Ngowokuqala watshata nomfundi wakhe uFanny ngo-1831. Esi sibini sasihlala kunye iminyaka emine kuphela. Umfazi wakhe wafa ngexesha lokuhamba kwabo eYurophu. Ukususela kulo mtshato kwakukho umntwana ongu-1. Okwesibini uHenry watshata ngo-1843. Lo mtshato wawonwabile, lo mbini unabantwana aba-5. Kodwa ngo-1861 umfazi wakhe wabulawa emlilweni. Le ntshukumo yengqondo yashiya uHenry ngaphandle kokulinganisela ixesha elide. Iminyaka yokugqibela imbongi ibhekene ne-rheumatism, kodwa yaqhubeka isebenza. Wafa ngoMatshi 24, 1882 eCambridge.