Le mbasa "Kuba woKhuselo zaseCaucasus". amabhaso Soviet empini

Battle for eCaucasus lelinye ixesha amadabi elide IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Igama leziko-1 Meyi 1944 mbasa ingqalelo kuphela kwisigaba sokuqala ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwemikhosi emibini kwimimandla weentaba elasezantsi waseUSSR, nangona ngokutsho sikhundla, imbasa "Kuba woKhuselo zaseCaucasus" yanikwa nxaxheba kunye amadabi ekhubekisayo esenzeka ngo-1943.

"Operation Edelweiss"

Cwangcisa ukufaka kwimimandla emikhulu oyile ekhobokisayo, apho yiSoviet Union kokuba ukuya kwi-85% izinto ekrwada zokubasa, waye wamkelwa ngehlobo lika 1942 iminyaka Hitler. Lo msebenzi emkhosini wanikwa igama ikhowudi igama elihle entabeni intyatyambo. "Edelweiss" enikiweyo imigca ezintathu imivumbo ukuba iqela German wemikhosi "A": ezimbini - yokucima iqala kwintaba zaseCaucasus kunye umsebenzi kumazibuko aselunxwemeni lolwandle Black kunye kuhlaselwa kuLwandle lweCaspian kunye ukufikelela kwi kwisithili Baku, eyesithathu - ngokusebenzisa the main eCaucasus uluhlu entabeni kunye lokufakwa ingentsimi ngeoli Grozny.

Njengoko ukuba ilawulwa iidiphozithi of Tungsten kunye manganese, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukunyibilika izixhobo kunye intsimbi vehicles, ukuba emva kokuba ukulahleka Ukraine Caucasus iye yaba yenye kubathengisi ezinkulu zengqolowa, isicwangciso "Edelweiss" wakubeka yiSoviet Union kwindawo nzima kakhulu. Zonke wawongwa imbasa "Kuba woKhuselo zaseCaucasus" - zombini zomkhosi zokunxiba, ukuqonda ukubaluleka uloyiso emazantsi, kwaye ubungqongqo umlo emazantsi eentaba zaseCaucasus, ingqalelo imbasa enye iimbasa ezininzi kunayo yonke lemfazwe.

umbhali angumfanekiso

UNikolay Ivanovich Moskalov. Igama lomculi iqukiwe inkcazelo iimbasa kunye nezinto nokuhombisa, odalwe amacebo akhe. Phakathi kwabo, imbasa "ukuziphendulela eMoscow", "Kuba woKhuselo of Stalingrad", njl,.. Kutuzov Order , kwaye mhlawumbi ibhaso kakhulu ehloniphekileyo World - zamajoni Order of Uzuko.

Le mbasa "Kuba woKhuselo zaseCaucasus" uyakhululwa kolu ngcelele ukuba kuyilo wawo lomculi ixesha kuphela ukusebenzisa mibala kazwelonke ne sendawo: iintyatyambo kunye iidiliya.

Inkcazelo ingqekembe

Kwicala phambi imbasa yobhedu ngeenxa "Kuba wezoKhuselo abaseAfrika" 32 mm ubukhulu unalo ephakeme kunazo ngomfanekiso zeentaba abaseAfrika - Elbrus. Ngezansi wayo - umfanekiso ezinde yeoli ekhobokisayo, amatanki kunye nezithuthi ekulweni kunye namajoni. Kule entabeni kukho amathathu moya ngal. Konke oku amanga phakathi zokuhombisa ungqameko ebonisa ngumdiliya. Xa inxalenye ephezulu - "Kuba woKhuselo zaseCaucasus" umbhalo isaphetha-ezimise iileta avuswe. kongqameko zokuhombisa phezulu okuphosela inkwenkwezi emazantsi - ibhanti ngehamile baza irhengqe kunye nombhalo "USSR".

Icala flip le ngqekembe - abhalwe - isisombululo ngamafuphi, apho ilifa abaninzi yokulwa iimedali WWII: izando khaxa kunye irhengqa, kwaye phantsi kwazo - mbhalo tyaba imigca ezintathu "Kuba kwizwekazi looMawokhulu bethu eSoviet".

iibhloko Standard pentagonal apho phantse yonke combat iimbasa waseUSSR, lexinene moire iribhoni. ububanzi balo - 24 mm, umbala isiseko - kumnquma, imiphetho - imivumbo blue 2.5 mm ububanzi. Ngeminyaka yee - umcu womnquma (2 mm) kunye aya ebomvu enyanzeliswa phezu komcu omhlophe (6 mm) kunye aya oluhlaza.

Isigaba sokuqala Battle zaseCaucasus

Operation "Edelweiss" ekuqaleni yaba yimpumelelo umkhosi waseJamani, waya kuhambelana neshedyuli. Omnye emva komnye, zafakwa kwizixeko ezikhulu aseStavropol kunye ummandla Krasnodar, kuquka likomkhulu lwengingqi, kwaye Armavir, Elista, Mozdok, Maikop, kunye noninzi Novorossiysk. Umfuziselo kwimpumelelo amaNazi wayetyala ngo-Agasti 1942 iqela elikhethekileyo climbers kunye neflegi swastika encotsheni Elbrus.

Indawo Red Army ngayo kwezinye iindawo entabeni wakhangela ayengalungelelananga: umyalelo eSoviet akazange alindele ukuba amaJamani wayeza kuhlasela ngokusebenzisa kwentaba nemixawuka. Kwaye kakhulu yomahluko yaba yokulungiselela abatoli intaba waseJamani kunye ukulwa i-Red Army. Sekunjalo, ngoSeptemba 1942 lohlaselo Wehrmacht samiswa.

Regulations on the imbasa

Ngokutsho yoMthetho imbasa yanikezelwa onke amajoni Red Army, Navy namabutho NKVD, hayi ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu, wathabatha inxaxheba isilwela eCaucasus kwixesha ukususela ngoJulayi 1942 ukuya ku-Oktobha 1943. Get ababuleweyo kwezi amadabi imbasa "Kuba woKhuselo zaseCaucasus" yanikwa kungakhathaliseki ixesha ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zomkhosi abaseAfrika.

Empini nazo zawongwa imbasa, kuquka ukuba nenxaxheba ekwakhiweni iinqaba, eyaqala ngo-1941. Iimbasa zanikwa eSoviet Union ngokusekelwe amaxwebhu ekhutshwe emkhosini, abezonyango yomkhosi kunye nabasemagunyeni kwiindawo apho izenzo zomkhosi kwenzeka: Krasnodar kunye aseStavropol Territories, Georgia and Azerbaijan republic.

Njengabo bonke mbasa ezinjalo, imbasa "Kuba woKhuselo zaseCaucasus" nenxitywa kwicala lasekhohlo, indawo wayezimisele emva imbasa "ukuziphendulela Kiev."

counteroffensive Soviet

Esona sizathu siphambili ngokoyiswa amaJamani kweli phulo emazantsi, abahlalutyi zomkhosi ebizwa ukuchithachitheka imikhosi kumacala amabini - abaseAfrika kunye Stalingrad, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ngokoyiswa i Wehrmacht kwi kwiindonga iVolga kunye ecaleni emideni iBlack kunye lweCaspian Seas. Kodwa sizathu siphambili kwaboniswa amajoni noomatiloshe Soviet ukomelela kunye nesibindi. AmaJamani wasilela ukufaka okanye Stalingrad, hayi ukuba atyhudise, abheke Grozny kunye Baku.

Emva amadabi abaziingwanyalala Uyalwa ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1943 i-Red Army lasungula counteroffensive, ukuba kungekhona ukuze uHitler ukuba ukurhoxisa umkhosi emazantsi kwi eCrimea, imikhosi eziphambili Army Group "A" yayiza amrhawula kunye kutshatyalaliswa.

Kubangel 'umdla yaba umoya idabi ukuba zenzeka kwi Kuban esibhakabhakeni - enye inkulu ezimbalini. Ukuphumelela enikelweyo bulilungelo yabaqhubi yiSoviet emoyeni, ukuba ungaphoswa ekupheleni kwemfazwe. kuba uvukile inkwenkwezi ye-ACE Soviet uAleksandr Pokryshkina nazo zawongwa ibhaso yekhethelo.

Oktobha 9 amajoni yokugqibela German washiya Taman Peninsula, neCaucasus ukhululwe ngokupheleleyo. A nesisila German lehla ukusuka encotsheni yentaba Elbrus Soviet amajoni-climbers ngoFebruwari 1943. Endaweni yoko, ukuba bakuwufunqula iindwe USSR.

South isaphetha

Igama zimpahla yeseti amabhaso ezintathu - iimbasa waseUSSR, enikelwe iziganeko kwicandelo emazantsi kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic - isaphetha Southern. "Kuba woMbutho zaseCaucasus" - umvuzo inkulu yale iseti: malunga 870 amawaka yanikwa kuye ngo-1985 Oku kuquka enye imbasa "Kuba woKhuselo of Sevastopol" (52.5 amawaka zanikwa) kunye "Kuba woKhuselo Odessa" (malunga nama-30 amawaka. ), elasekwa ngexesha elinye - December 22, 1942.

namanenekazi Southern kuguqa, kukho abantu malunga 990 kuphela. Eyona idumileyo kwezi edume Marshal yobudoda Mihaylovich Budenny - wayalela noqhagamshelo inxaxheba kule mpi ubungonzima kwesigaba sokuqala imfazwe kunxweme kuLwandle Black. Kodwa memory yanaphakade a feat elilingene zonke nxaxheba abo amadabi - ukusuka eziqhelekileyo umncedisi.