UFaro Ramzes Veliky, Egypt yaMandulo: ibhodi, biography

Imvuselelo ngamandla wamajoni lizwe, yazuza indebe iimfazwe liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, ulwakhiwo ezikhumbuzo ezibalaseleyo ... Ezi ziganeko isikhumbuzo era Ramesside, egqalwa iphepha aqaqambe kwi ezimbalini zeJiputa yamandulo. sikhokelo ngokwezibalo - kwiinkulungwane XIII-IV. BC. e. Kweli xesha kwetrone laseYiputa indawo koFaro-18. Umlawuli kakhulu ezinamandla wajika Ramzes Veliky. Uye wenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwimbali karhulumente.

Izinyanya likaFaro enkulu

eziqaphelekayo Ramesside luqala ekungeneni kuyo itrone Egyptian Ramesses I. Esi siganeko senzeke malunga 1292 BC. e. UFaro zange ashiye azafunyanelwa eliqaqambileyo kwimbali. Oku kungenxa yokuba ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe wayemfutshane. Amandla ezandleni kaFaro kwiminyaka nje embalwa.

Phantse ngo-1290 BC. e. itrone Egyptian unyana ka kaRamses I - I. Seti ukunyuka bakhe amandla kwaphawula ekuqaleni ukuvuselela lizwe emva kwexesha ukuhla okwethutyana. UFaro waba nako ukuyila imiqathango ukuchuma elizayo karhulumente. Seti I walawula eYiputa malunga ne-11. Around 1279 BC. e. amandla ocande ezandleni kaRamses II. Wayengunyana ka I. Seti

Irhuluneli entsha

KaRamses, ogama engobomi izibakala ezininzi ezinomdla ngexesha Ukuvuma kwetrone ndandimncinci kakhulu. Awukwazi ukubiza iimpawu ezithile mntu anayo. Kuyo yonke iYiputa ooFaro babegqalwa abathunywa woothixo, ngoko ke yonke imithombo, kwakunye kaRamses II, esichazwa imodeli eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, isenzo lerhuluneli omtsha ibonisa ukuba ndingumntu namabhongo, eyomeleleyo babhunga.

UFaro kaRamses II, wenyuka etroneni, ngoko nangoko wayalela abantu bakhe ukuba kweli amangcwaba ngamagama langaphambili. Umlawuli wafuna abantu zaseYiputa bakhumbula kuphela. KaRamses II Kwakhona wayalela bonke abantu ukuba bazibize ngokuba ukukhetha Amon, esifika karhulumente yaseYiputa kunye hero gidi.

uhambo lokuqala ku Asia

Iintshaba eziphambili laseYiputa ingqalelo koonyana bakaHeti. Kuba amashumi eminyaka, ooFaro Alwa umzabalazo neenkani na aba bantu babehlala Asia Minor. KaRamses II, waya etroneni, baqhubeka umsebenzi ababengaphambi kwakhe. Xa unyaka yesi-4 uFaro oselula ndagqiba ekubeni kulwa bakaHeti.

Eli phulo yokuqala yaba yimpumelelo. AmaYiputa oyise utshaba wasithimba isixeko Berit. UFaro waseYiputa akazange afune ukuyeka apho. KaRamses II wagqiba ukwenza emva konyaka eli phulo wesibini ngokuchasene lamaHeti, kwakanye bonke buziphelise elide-xesha iintshaba.

Izibatha uFaro

Eli phulo wesibini e-Asia Ramzes Veliky wenza ngonyaka 5 wobukumkani bakhe. Ukuqokelela amabutho amabini amawaka, uFaro oselula kweny iNofu. Eyona njongo iphambili yeli phulo yaba bamba yaseKadeshe, apho ngelo xesha isixeko esiyintloko bamaHeti waseYiputa, ukuba bajoyine ezinye ezi izinto yotshaba.

nomkhosi waseYiputa kwakuba iiyunithi-5-ebumbeneyo. Nakuze oyika ukuba balwe utshaba lwakho. Baqonda ukuba amandla abo akwanelanga ukuwina umlo enobulungisa. umkhosi yabo yayiquka amabutho ahlangene, nto leyo ibenzima kakhulu ukuzilawula. Nakuze babeceba ukuphumelela nini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ke yathuma kaRamses II-Shasu yokuphila. Kwakufuneka umxelele uFaro engumYiputa imikhosi umHeti bakude eKadeshe.

Isicwangciso utshaba wasebenza. KaRamses II abalazi mbuya. Ukukholelwa yokuba umHeti umkhosi kufuphi apho, umlawuli waseYiputa yasuswa ukusuka kwelinye wona kuwo umzi. AmaHeti Kwandile elinde amaYiputa kufutshane eKadeshe phezu iOrontes. UFaro kaRamses II, waqonda ukuba labanjwa, wathumela vizier yakhe yikhawuleziseni loo yunithi eseleyo.

Iziphumo emfazweni kweKadeshe

Battle of yaseKadeshe ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha kwimithombo yaseYiputa hettskih. Eli dabi yaba nzima. Kwecala waya kaRamses II walahlekelwa omkhulu. Ngaphandle koku, amaYiputa wakwazi ukubaleka emgibeni. Sasidlala indima enkulu kunye nesibindi ukusekelwa uFaro. KaRamses II wakwazi ukuphepha itshabalalise.

Emva kokuba Idabi eKadeshe umHeti ukumkani wenza isivumelwano kunye uFaro umYiputa. Esi siganeko anika ithuba lo mfana ukuba siphumele, lunozuko. Ukubuyela eYiputa, kaRamses II wathuma Dispatch kwikomkhulu, leyo wathi malunga uloyiso kwiphulo lomkhosi. Kulo mba, umlawuli yaziwa njenge inkokeli omkhulu wamajoni uphumeleleyo. In umHeti imithombo efanayo wabonisa ukuba idabi kweKadeshe baphela ngokoyiswa amaYiputa.

Ukwakha phantsi uFaro

Ramzes Veliky ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe wamisa inani elikhulu iitempile, iiobelisk, ezikhumbuzo. Emva kokuba uloyiso phezu umlawuli nakuze iyalele ukuba ayinqamle eweni, ibekwe Nubia elunxwemeni ngasentshonalanga loMnayile, wambiza Abu Simbel, itempile enkulu mqolomba. Kukho bachazwa iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zembali kunye imibhalo. Umnyango nomqolomba ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo ezine kunye imbonakalo uFaro enkulu zaseYiputa.

Kwiliwa Abu Simbel naye ombiwe itempile yesibini ezincinane. KaRamses II yayalela ukuba aqonde imbeko Nefertari wakhe oyintanda, nto leyo umfazi wakhe wokuqala. Ngaphambi kokungena ibe etempileni encinane wema eqingqiweyo 6. icala ngalinye belucwangcisiwe ku-2 kuFaro inkangeleko kunye 1 - Queen Nefertary.

Wonke umlawuli waseYiputa ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi wazakhela ngokwakhe itempile lenkumbulo. Kwaba njalo, kwaye kaRamses II, waphakamisa Ramesseum kwi uAmoni elunxwemeni ngasentshonalanga zeNayile. Ngomhla kummandla ukwakhiwa umfanekiso omkhulu komlawuli waseYiputa. ubunzima lakhe malunga 1000 iitoni. Ngaphakathi etempileni, iindonga zamatye ziye zaba nemikrolo imiboniso kwemfazwe eKadeshe.

Ukwakhiwa umzi

ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka ulwakhiwo kwePi-Ramesses - elikomkhulu karhulumente zaseYiputa. Le dolophu kwakhiwa umNayile Delta, apho omkhulu wakhula kaFaro. Mhlawumbi ukwakhiwa yayo e Seti I. bagqiba umsebenzi sele ebukumkanini kaFaro kaRamses II.

Kangangexesha elide, abaphengululi mihla asikwazanga ukuqonda apho kwakukho ngasePi-Ramesses. Igama ledolophu kukhankanyiwe imithombo yamandulo baseYiputa, kodwa ukufumanisa izikhubekiso, akukho muntu. Ndafumana Pi-Ramesses zakudala uManfred Bietak. Emva koko wathabatha up yokomba Edgar Pusch. imifanekiso Umphandi ngokwenza efihliweyo amanxuwa komhlaba, wadala isicwangciso esineenkcukacha yesixeko. Ndafumanisa ukuba ngasePi-Ramesses nengeniso ezinkulu, ezintle.

Kwisicwangciso ke kucacile isixeko izakhiwo buxande, zibonakala. Ezi emanxuweni etempileni. Xa indawo kwindawo yokwakha, abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana amaqhekeza umfanekiso oqingqiweyo olumbaxa ufaro waseYiputa. Kwakhona wafumana apha cartouches enegama Ramzesa Velikogo.

Ngexesha kumbiwa komasifundisane Kwakhona andibhaqwa. Kulo eliwaka embalwa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, xa imithetho Ramzes Veliky, enziwe ngeglasi nebala. Oku kungqinwe iziphumo bakhonza imiphanda ngodongwe apho izinto ekrwada lusitsha ukuze lobushushu eliphezulu. Ukususela izinto ingafumaneka nakwezinye iivenkile excised izitya uhombiso sixeko.

Kutshanje, ngasePi-Ramesses yafunyanwa amacwecwe ukuqhekeka. Wasinda imigca nje embalwa. Abaphandi bacebisa ukuba itekisi sisicatshulwa lesivumelwano bagqiba phakathi umHeti ukumkani Hattusili III kunye umlawuli waseYiputa. ileyibheli Found liyakuqinisekisa ukuba khona kaRamses II yogcino.

Abafazi kunye nabantwana uFaro waseYiputa

Family e kaRamses II lalilikhulu kakhulu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uFaro samandulo saseYiputa 4 ebenabafazi esemthethweni. Eyona othandekayo yokuqala yayingumkakhe Nefertari. Uye ingqalelo ukumkanikazi sele 1 Ngomnyaka wobukumkani kaRamses II. E Nefertari wazalwa oonyana ezininzi neentombi. Unyana omdala likaFaro nokumkanikazi wayenxibe igama Amenherunemef.

Umfazi wesibini kaRamses II Istnofret. Xa izityalo ezininzi kuboniswa kunye nabantwana babo. intombi enkulu kaRamses II kunye negama Istnofret Bent-Anat. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, engena dlo kaFaro, waba ngumfazi wakhe. In Istnofret nayo, unyana ka-Merneptah. Emva kokufa kaRamses II, waya etroneni.

Umfazi na yesithathu uFaro waseYiputa - Maatnefrura. Yena ke intombi umHeti ukumkani Hattusili III. Le lomtshato kwenzeka kwiminyaka eli-13 emva kokuba kwenziwe isivumelwano ngoxolo koonyana bakaHeti. Xa kwiitekisi zaseYiputa ngayo ibonisa ukuba kaRamses II Ndachukunyiswa Maatnefrury ubuhle. yonke imihla uFaro wabona ukumkanikazi nethandwayo naye.

Umfazi wesine kaRamses II - enye intombi umHeti ukumkani Hattusili III. Ngelishwa, igama lakhe ayaziwa. Abaphandi kwakhona abonisa ukuba umlawuli somYiputa lowo omnye umfazi yomthetho. Yena lo dade omncinane kaRamses II - Henutmira. Kuwo akukho lwazi. Kungenzeka, Henutmira wafa eselula, abakwazi ukuba bazale abantwana bade kaRamses II.

Ukufa kunye nokungcwatywa uFaro

karhulumente Egyptian kaRamses II walawula ixesha elide. Yena wasinda koonyana-12. Yathi yakuba ifile uFaro enkulu, wenyuka itrone, unyana wakhe, 13 - Merneptah.

Engcwabeni kaRamses II - indawo apho yangcwatywa umlawuli omkhulu. Emva kwexesha apha, watyelela zizihange engcwabeni. Ababingeleli ngokuphindaphindiweyo umzimba kaRamses II kwiCEMIS. Noko ke, yonke indawo yokungcwaba esitsha kamva onakaliswa ngamasela. Ekugqibeleni kaRamses Mama ndafakwa indawo yokuzimela lengxondorha ibekwe e Deir el-Bahia. Okwangoku, igcinwe kwi iCairo Museum.

KaRamses II - umntu kaHomer. ulawulo kaFaro ubukho kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-60. Kule minyaka akwenzele kakhulu ukwenzela ukuchuma nokomelezwa amandla kukarhulumente zaseYiputa. Akukho namnye irhuluneli elandelayo ayikwazanga Zizigqithile uFaro kaRamses II.