Wave-yamasuntswana-mbini kunye nohlobo ukukhanya

Ukukhanya sele kudala wahlala omnye izinto eziphambili zokufunda. Izazinzulu ezininzi ziye wafuna ukwazi zobuntu bakhe, kodwa ukwenza oko kwaba nzima ngenxa yamandla aqingqiweyo. Le ngcamango zokuqala uzama ukucacisa uhlobo wokukhanya, yaba imfundiso otshangatshangiswayo. Kuye kudala ingqalelo indlela echanekileyo oyinyaniso, yaye kwakungekho imiqathango ukwenza mbini ngumtshangatshangiso-yamasuntswana. Nangona ukuhlakanipha yemvelo ukuba ukukhanya kwindalo - wave, kwaye athom kunye nezinye amasuntswana amancinci ilifa kuphela iipropati yamasuntswana.

Ithiyori wayeqalisa ivuthu-, ngokuba ebengenako ukuchaza isakhiwo atom. Rutherford ngenxa amalinge zakhe, wenza kwingcinga yokuba ngumongo atom ukho kweli ziko, kukho emikhulu, kwaye electron zihanjiswa kulo mqulu, ngokuzalisa le isithuba ngokukhululekileyo. Kodwa lethiyori na ozinzisiweyo, ngenxa yokuba ngokutsho uqikelelo, inkqubo enjalo ayikwazanga kungagcinwa.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze kwakhiwe ithiyori entsha

Kamva, kwafunyaniswa ukuba isenzeko le isivamvo, nto leyo iya ngaphaya yemvelo classical ukuba predominated ngelo xesha. Kamva, nguye photoelectric isiphumo ifomu wanceda ngumtshangatshangiso-yamasuntswana mbini, kuba oko kwakhokelela imfuneko physics quantum. msebenzi wayo kukuba amasuntswana yaveliswa iipropati ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba siqwalasela kubo isikhanyiso seendaba imigaqo physics yamandulo. Wave-yamasuntswana mbini ngomnye iingcamango ukufundelwa ngo entsha yesebe physics.

Kakuhle eli isivamvo yaba kukuba lo mbandela oqhelekileyo phantsi kwempembelelo radiation elifutshane ngumtshangatshangiso ekhutshwa yi electron ukuzila. Ukungangqinelani ephambili physics classical yaba kukuba amandla ezintweni elektroni fast akuxhomekekanga kubungakanani radiation. Iinqobo waba kuphela iimpawu kweziyobisi, kwakunye amaza radiation. Ngelo xesha, akuzange kube lula ukuba achaze indlela yokukhululwa photoelectrons ngokususela kwidatha efumanekayo.

theory Wave yinto ecacileyo ukuxanda. Ngokutsho kuyo, amandla radiation isasazwa ngokufanayo kwi iliza ekukhanyeni. Xa hits ovela, yena uthi kuye imali ethile amandla, ngokulandelelana, ngokwale ngcamango, kungona ngobunzulu, kungona amandla. Kodwa enyanisweni, kwafika zonke izinto ngokwahlukileyo kancinci.

Uphuhliso ingcamango yobubini

Albert Einstein waqala ingcamango uhlobo obubobu lokukhanya. Kwakhona saqalisa ukuphuhlisa ithiyori intsimi quantum kunye ingqiqo kwamabala quantum, nto leyo yanceda ukuba balolonge mbini ngumtshangatshangiso-yamasuntswana.

Umongo kukuba ukukhanya nefuthe amaza, ngoko, oko na iimpawu ebonakalayo kwisuntswana kwemali - of ziluhlaza. Kodwa xa iziganeko ezifana diffraction kunye ukungenela ukukhanya liveza iipropati ecacileyo ngumtshangatshangiso. Uthotho experimenti luqhutyiwe ukungqina mbini lwesakhiwo ukukhanya. Oko ngenxa lwamaza-isuntswana lwabo mbini yokukhanya yakhiwa, ie photon ebonisa izinto yamasuntswana, kodwa ii-experimenti ezininzi yena njengokubonisa ecacileyo iipropati otshangatshangiswayo.

Kufuneka iqondwe into yokuba iingcamango ezinjalo okwangoku kuphela umdla zembali. Wave-isuntswana mbini zeepropati zenkqunto wambumba njengendlela ithiyori ngexesha isifundo kweepropati efanayo ekuqaleni nje, kodwa emva koko babe enyanisweni waliseka amasebe ezintsha physics. Loo ngcamango iinzame ukuchaza isenzeko olutsha ulwimi physics yamandulo.

Enyanisweni, abavela kwinqanaba kwimboniselo ye physics quantum ezi zinto hayi amasuntswana, ubuncinane ngengqiqo zakudala. Azuza iipropati ezithile kuphela xa esondela. Noko ke, ithiyori mbini isasetyenziswa nangoku ukucacisa imigaqo ethile uhlobo sokukhanya.