Ubisi obenziwe ntoni? Indlela yokwenza ubisi lwe powisi?

Ubisi ngenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zokutya. Ngoko uhlobo lulungiswa, ukuba ukususela ngomhla wokuqala wokuzalwa kweentsana kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci zondla kuphela ubisi lonina. Iqulethe zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokuqhelekileyo kwimizimba ekhulayo. Kodwa, ukuba ukhule ngokwaneleyo, umntu akanalo ubisi. Sisebenzisa kokubili kunye nocwangco (ubisi obisiweyo obisiweyo, i-yogurt, ukhilimu, ukhilimu omuncu, i-cottage cheese, ibhotela). Kukho ubisi obupheleleyo kunye namafutha angenawo amanqatha, ashushu kwaye anyibilike, aphephe kwaye ... asomile. Yaye ukuba iimveliso zobisi ezinomuncu zicace ngakumbi, ezi zimbini zibangela umdla, ngakumbi kubantwana. Ngokuqinisekileyo inkcenkcesho encinci yabuza wena ngombuzo othi: "Yintoni eyenziwa ubisi?" Kulesi nqaku, siya kuzama ukufumana impendulo kuyo kwaye sifunde okuninzi ngemveliso eqhelekileyo ukususela ebuntwaneni.

Ubisi bokwenene lwenziwa ntoni?

Ewe, ukuba ucinga ngako, umbuzo othi "ubisi wenza ntoni" bubonakala buyatha. Kodwa kubonakala nje. Kakade, akukona ngemveliso yendalo. Enye into - ukuthenga ubisi. Yintoni eyenziwe? Umbuzo ofanayo ovela emlonyeni wenkwenkwe yenkomo unokuvakala rhoqo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokothuka. Enyanisweni, ubisi lwenkomo efanayo, luye lwacubungulwa ngaphambi kokuba sifinyelele etafileni lethu. Abanye abavelisi abangenangqiqo banokuyinciphisa ngamanzi okanye bafake imifuno yemifuno ukwenzela ukwandisa umxholo weoli. Kodwa oku kunqabile kakhulu. Ininzi yobisi isenziwa kwizinto ezibonakalayo zendalo.

Ukwakhiwa

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abantu baqhelekile ukuba badle ubisi lweenkomo kuphela - kwezinye iindawo zifumaneka kwizinyamazane zeebhokhwe, iibhokhwe, ii-mares, ibhokhwe, iinkamela. Ukusetyenziswa kwamakhemikhali kwezi mveliso, kunjalo, kuyahluka. Siza kujolisa kwenkomo, kuba isininzi esisetafileni saso kukho kanye. Ngoko, kubandakanya malunga nama-85% wamanzi, i-protein ye-3% (ibizwa ngokuba yi-casein), i-fat fat - ukuya kwi-4.5%, ukuya kwi-5.5% yobisi ishukela (i-lactose), kunye namavithamini kunye neemaminerali. Kwizityalo kunye neebisi zobisi, apho ubisi lwenziwa khona (ngokuchanekileyo, kucutshungulwa), ingqalelo eninzi ihlawulwa kumxholo weoli kunye nomxholo weprotheni. Kwimveliso ephezulu yamanqaku emveliso yokuqala, isivuno sebhotela sikhulu, kunye neprotheni ibalulekile ekuveliseni i-cottage cheese kunye neentshizi ezahlukeneyo.

Ubisi njani kumveliso kunye neebisi zobisi

Kwiesityuli zeentengiso ezininzi ungahlala ufumana ubisi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ufike apho, kuqhutywa. Kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukukhusela umkhiqizo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, izakhiwo ezincedo zilahlekile, kodwa inxalenye isala. Cinga ngezi nkqubo ukwenzela. Ubisi obuninzi, obunikelwa kwisityalo, luqala ukucola, ngoko luye lwahluma. I-homogenization iyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba xa ubisi luchithwa kwiiphakheji, ama-creams awasekwe apha. Enyanisweni, lo mafutha obisi, aphuhliweyo abe ngama-pellets amancinci kwi-homogenizer, isatshalaliswa ngokubanzi kulo lonke ubuninzi bebisi. Oku kuvumela ukuphucula impawu ezintle zemveliso yokuqala, kuphucula ukugaya kwayo. Emva koko ulandele unyango olushushu (kubalulekile ukukhutshwa kobisi, ngenxa yokuba alufumaneki nje kuphela izilwanyana ezinobuncedo, kodwa kunye nezifo-mzimba) -oku kungabinxantathu, i-ultrapasterization okanye inzalo.

Iintlobo zonyango lokushushu

Into eqhelekileyo yindlela yokuqala. Yona ininzi kakhulu kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ungasindisi ngokukhawuleza nje ingcamango kunye nenkohlakalo, kodwa kunye nezixhobo ezincedo. Ukongeza, emva kokunyusa, ubisi bugcinwa ixesha elide kunexesha eliqhelekileyo. Kwimveliso yanamhlanje, i-ultra-pasteurization isanda kusetshenziselwa. Le ndlela ihluke kwixesha elidlulileyo ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kwe-ultrahigh. Kakade ke, akukho zakhiwo ezifanelekileyo kuyo. Inzalo iyabonakaliswa nokuqhutyelwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Ubisi olunjalo lugcinwa ixesha elide (ukuya kwiinyanga eziyi-6 okanye kude kube unyaka). Njengomthetho, emva kokunyanga kwentsholongwane, i-bottling kufuneka iqhutywe kwiipolitheni okanye iplastiki kunye nokuthengiswa ngeenethiwekhi zorhwebo.

Ngomso wobisi

Ukongeza kubisi oluqhelekileyo, kukho nobisi obomileyo. Mhlawumbi, akubona sonke esazi indlela yokwenza ubisi lwe powder. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala le mveliso yaziwa ngokutsha ngo-1832, xa isazi semichiza saseRussia uMill Dirv sisungula umveliso wakhe. Enyanisweni, umbuzo: "Ubumbile obunjani?" Impendulo ilula: ukusuka kwinkomo yemvelo. Inkqubo yinkqubo yezinyathelo ezi-2. Ngowokuqala, ubisi lugxininiswa kwiinkampani ezixinzelelekileyo. Umxube obangelwayo wumiswa kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho i powder emhlophe - oku kungumgubo womgubo, okanye kunokuba yindawo yokuhlala eyomileyo, elahlekelwe ngu-85% wemali yayo (amanzi). Inzuzo kuphela yale mveliso phambi kobisi bonke kubakho ukugcinwa kwexesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, kuthatha indawo encinane, ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthutha. Ukubunjwa ubisi obomileyo kufana nelo lonke ubisi, alinamanzi nje. Yintoni eyenza ubisi lubomile, ngoku kuyacaca. Masihambe siye kwintsimi yesicelo sayo.

Lapho ubisi obomileyo kusetyenziswa khona

Indlela yokwenza ubisi lwebisi, sifumene, ngoku qwalasela apho isetyenziswe khona. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuqhelekile kwimimandla apho kungenako ukufumana yonke imveliso yemvelo. I-powder ichithwa nje ngamanzi afudumele (ngo-1 ukuya ku-3), kwaye sele sele isetyenzisiwe ngenjongo yazo. Kwakhona, ubisi obomileyo luyisiseko sokuveliswa kokutya kwabantwana (ubisi obisiweyo obisi) kunye nokutya ngamathole amancinci. Imveliso inokufumaneka kwiintengiso zamahhala.

Mayelana nobisi obhakiweyo

Kukho olunye uhlobo lo mveliso obalulekileyo kumntu - ubisi olubi. Uninzi kuthi mhlawumbi sizibuza indlela yokwenza ubisi olutyunyiweyo. Ukwahluke kwaso kulo lonke libizwa ngokuba yi-pasteurization taste and presence of a shade. Inkqubo ibonisa umfanekiso olandelayo: Ubisi bonke buxutywe kunye ne-krimu ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci lamanqatha kwizinto eziluhlaza 4 okanye 6% (le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yinto evamile). Umxube ke u-homogenized (malunga nale nkqubo khankanywe ngasentla) kwaye unqunywe ixesha elide (malunga neeyure ezingama-4 kwiqondo lokushisa lama-95-99 ° C). Ngexesha elifanayo izinto eziphathekayo zixutywe ngezikhathi ezithile, ukwenzela ukuba ifilimu yamaprotheni kunye namafutha angabonakali kuwo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa kunomthelela ekubonakaleni kombala we-cream ( ushukela ubisi lusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye nama-amino acids, obangela i-melanoid, ukunikeza umthunzi). Inqanaba lokugqibela lipholisa kwaye lizalise ubisi olutyunyiwe kwisitya. Yiyo yonke ingqiqo. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba ukususela kwi-chopping (le yile hlobo lobisi ebizwa ngokuba ngabantu), bavelisa ubisi olunotyiweyo kunye ne-katik (basebenzisa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zokubumba, ngenxa yoko, ubisi obumuncu ngomxube obunzima kunye nobumnandi obisi oluncibilikileyo).

Ngokuphathelele ubisi oluqingqiweyo

Ngokugqithiseleyo kwisebe lezobisi unokufumana ipakethe kunye nesibhaliso esithi "I-Milk ye-Skim." Yintoni na? Enyanisweni, oku kubisi oluqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokunqatha, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kancinci. Njengomthetho, ipesenti yeoli elapha ayikho ngaphezu kwe-0.5%. Yaye ubisi oluncinci bunjani? Itholakala ngokuhlula yonke imveliso kwiidivaysi ezikhethekileyo zokuhlukanisa. Kukho ukwahlula kokhilimu ebusweni phantsi kweempembelelo zamandla e-centrifugal. Ngenxa yoko, i-liquid free-free is available.

Ubume bebisi lobisi

Ukupakishwa kwamatyisi kusoloko kubonisa inani elichanekileyo leoli kunye neprotheni kwimveliso. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana ubisi kunye nomxholo othile weoli ovela kwinkomo. Esi salathisi asifani nenye inkomo kwixesha elihlukeneyo. Ekubeni i-GOST inemigangatho kunye neemfuno zayo, ubisi kufuneka kulungiswe ngamafutha, ukuze ufumane umxholo weoli ofunekayo (2.5%, 3.2% okanye 6%). Kwakhona, ubisi olunjalo lusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-yogurt, i-cottage shiese okanye i-yogurt. Ungayithenga kwifomu ephawulwe kuyo nayiphi na isitolo. Ixabiso, ke, lixabiso elincinci kunexesha eliqhelekileyo.

Ubisi kunye neenzuzo zayo zingathethwa ngonaphakade. Ngaphandle kwesizathu, siye saxelelwa ukususela ebuntwaneni: "Phuza ubisi - luncedo kakhulu". Yaye yinyaniso, ubomi bethu buqala naye - ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa komntwana kufuneka kufakwe kwisifubeni, ukuze athole isabelo sokuqala sombala wezondlo. Ndiyabulela ubisi lomama, ukhuseleko lomntwana luqiniswa, umntwana uyakhula aze aphuhlise. Okumangalisa kukuba, kwiinyanga zokuqala zokuphila, ihlangabezana neemfuno zomntwana ngamanzi, izondlo, iivithamini kunye neemaminerali. Ngokuqinisekileyo naluphi na wethu ophawula ukuba isiseko sokutya okunempilo kunye nesondlo esifanelekileyo sisoloko lubisi kunye nemveliso yobisi yobumuncu. Kuba abantwana bekhulayo banceda kakhulu i-cottage cheese, ine-calcium eninzi, eyimfuneko yokukhula kwamathambo kunye namazinyo enempilo. Oogqirha asebekhulile bancomela ukuba ubandakanye ubisi ekudleni kwakho, njengoko amathambo kweli xesha lobomi ngokukhawuleza elahlekelwa yi-calcium. Nantoni na into ongayithethayo, le mveliso ayinakwenzeka. Kule nqaku, sihlolisise ubisi olwenziweyo, zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo kunye nokuba luncedo kangakanani. Ngokuqinisekileyo wafunda ezininzi ezitsha kwaye unomdla. Yimpilo!