Ukulingana energy: isakhiwo, yokubala

Ibhalansi Energy ephawula inkqubo izikhombisi, nto leyo ebonisa imiqulu ekufikeni ukulingana kunye nenkunkuma lwamandla, indalo yayo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngaphakathi okanye (, kwishishini icandelo) icandelo yayo zemimandla (lizwe, kummandla) imveliso. Yenziwe ukuba ixesha okanye umhla. Amazwe athile ezahlukeneyo kudla imali amafutha. Umzekelo, i-US ngokulinganayo usebenzise zonke iintlobo. Kwaye Russia, ngokuchaseneyo, igxininisa ekuvelisweni kwegesi yendalo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Ibhalansi amafutha kunye namandla lungohlulwa lube iinxalenye ezimbini. Ingeniso eyenziwayo ngenxa nezokukhupha kwamafutha ezahlukeneyo. Le oli, irhasi yendalo, amalahle, shale, umgquba kunye neenkuni. Kwakhona, oku kuquka ukuveliswa amandla zaseprayimari izityalo wamandla oshushu, ulungiselo nuclear. On kwingeniso kwicala iquka kunye zorhwebo izixhobo amafutha. Kwisiqingatha sesibini ibhalansi ibonisa lonikezelo loshishino lwamandla, ngokunjalo urhweba. Ngokuqhelekileyo omabini amacala zibalwa ekupheleni konyaka. Ngoko ke, amafutha kunye namandla intsalela akhawunti ngenxa yezinye izibonelelo zokuphela konyaka. Kubume bayo ichonge amaqela amakhulu.

Ubume amafutha kunye namandla balance

Ngokwahlukeneyo kubalwa Amanani lokuba la maqela. Umzekelo, amafutha okanye amandla kwicala balance wachacha. Xa kubalwa nezikhombisi bonke umlinganiselo omnye oluninzi. Maxa wambi ukuqikelela okuza zixutyiwe ngamnye. Oku kwenziwa ngokusekelwe neethagethi imveliso kunye nexabiso calorific elindelweyo. Ke umthamo liphindaphindwe ngumlingani. Ukusebenzisa izalathisi akhokelayo yakutshanje ivumela nokufumaneka kwamajelo kwisingqinisiso enye zamanani. ngawona Uthelekelelo ukuba izibaso eziphambili zezi zilandelayo: I-Oli - 1.4, Natural Gas - 1.18, amalahle - 0.7, shale - 0,34 iinkuni - 0.27. Kwakhona ithatha ingqalelo amandla kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba kunye nuclear. Oku kwenziwa kwi amafutha esetyenziswa imveliso yalo utshintsho unit iindleko.

uhlobo

Ibhalansi amafutha kunye namandla singa zotywa phezu eyahlukileyo units indawo okanye kwizakhiwo zoshishino. Oku kungabalelwa:

• Ngokutsho amanqanaba flow amandla. Phakathi kwabo, imveliso, processing (inguqu), ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa kunye nesiphelo-ukusetyenziswa.
• Kuba izibonelelo nezixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, cinga esiza namandla iindleko kwizikhululo, boilers, izihluzi.
• Ngokuba ukusetyenziswa. wonke umthamo ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini: amandla iluncedo kunye neendleko.
• Ngokutsho kuqoqosho ngokubanzi.
• Kwezinye iindawo ehlabathini kunye noqoqosho lwesizwe.
• Aspect indawo. Xa usebenzisa le ndlela ithatha ingqalelo ubutyebi amafutha lommandla, karhulumente, amazwe ezithile Union.

Ixabiso ngokuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi

balance Energy waseUnited States luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanayo noko amalahle, igesi kwakunye ne-oli. Kwiifama ezincinane sele inikezelwe umgquba kunye neenkuni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje i uphuhliso ukwandisa eUnited States ifumana ushishino oyile shale. United States ukunika ngokwawo kunye nezibonelelo eziyimfuneko.

UK ugxile kakhulu ukusetyenziswa igesi yendalo. Intsimi yalo oveliswa kukuninzi. Canada eliyinkokeli ehlabathini ekuveliseni lwamandla hydraulic. France usebenzisa izikhululo zamandla zenyukliya. Ilungiselelwe izibonelelo ezincinane ipetroli ephambili, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuvala esi sikhewu.

Kanye imeko intsalela of Japan. China idibana amandla alo kufuneka ngenxa ikakhulu yamalahle. Oyile kunye akhawunti gas% 30 kuphela eseleyo iyonke. Yona Poland, oko indawo yokuqala ukusetyenziswa namalahle nayo. Oku kungenxa ngendleko ephantsi zemveliso kweli lizwe.

Amafutha kunye namandla balance of Russia

RF inika iimfuno zalo ubukhulu becala ngenxa igesi yendalo. zokubasa Solid neoli zisetyenziswa kakhulu mbalwa. Elidityaniswe kunye amathuba emveliso ezi zibonelelo zendalo kummandla Russia. RF zonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze bathathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba amandla yaseYurophu.

Ukunyuka okukhulu ngakumbi kwimveliso oyile akunakwenzeka, njengoko iidiphozithi eyaziwa kakuhle zisetyenziswa. Ukuba sicinga ipetroli eqinileyo, yamalahle ethile kunye negesi, yonke into ayikho ngenxa yobukhulu koovimba kunye neendleko imveliso yazo. Konke kuxhomekeke kwimarike yehlabathi. amanqanaba emveliso elizayo kumiselwa kanye phezu kwesi siseko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amaxabiso zasekhaya le resource.

Iimarike ezingundoqo eRussia Western, Central neMpuma Yurophu. Noko ke, Russian Federation yodwa ngeke nefuthe imeko kwimarike yehlabathi. Ngoko ke, ukuxhomekeka yoqoqosho Russian evela kwintengiso ngaphandle oyile negesi ngoyena nobangela. Oku kwaboniswa ngokucacileyo ukuhla kwamaxabiso ombane. Ukunciphisa iindleko zamafutha kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukwehla engange kunye Ukonakala-ntle zoluntu.

amathuba

sabemi behlabathi buyanda yonke imihla. Imeko silondoloziwe ukuba ekwandiseni amazwe asakhulayo elintinge kuphela, engenabutyebi. Emva kwazo zonke izibonelelo wamafutha osetyenzisiweyo ngakumbi njengoko nje yakutshanje. Kwaye lo mkhuba kukuba kwimfuneko yokuba kwandisa. Kwaye komncedisi ubugcisa kunye eejaji zokusingqongileyo mhoyanga kuyo. Ngoko ke, singatsho ngokuqinisekileyo phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuba amafutha kunye namandla intsalela ihlabathi liya kuhlala injalo kwi mzuzu elilandelayo. Imithombo ephambili kule minyaka ingama-20 ezayo iya kuba zonke i oyile efanayo kunye negesi yendalo. Ngoko ke, amaxabiso baya kuvuka. Kodwa ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho Russian.

RF kakhulu ngeke ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini ezizezabo amafutha kunye energy izixhobo, kodwa ukuze ube kumazwe phambili. indawo neAfrika kuvumela Russia ukuba abe zento ilizwe ebalulekileyo ekuthuthweni oyile negesi ukuya eYurophu evela kumazwe oLwandle lweCaspian.

imithombo yamandla engaqhelekanga

Kuya kuba ezinye ngokuya ebalulekileyo namafutha enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele. Ngokungafaniyo yokugqibela, bona ziyahlaziyeka, kwaye ke zinokusetyenziswa ithuba ngamabona elide ixesha. imithombo ezingaqhelekanga ziquka elanga, umoya, iilwandle, imilambo, biomass nobushushu komhlaba, kunye nabanye. Zinokuthi zisetyenziswe rhoqo okanye rhoqo. ukukwazi kwabo imveliso yezamandla akuxhomekekanga kuphela kwi izixhobo ezenziwe ngabantu, kodwa imozulu.