U-Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy "Usizi olubi"

U-Ivan Nikolayevich Kramskoy wangena kwipeyinti yasekhaya njengomvelisi omtsha, uguquguquli kunye nompopririzer.

Brief biography

UKramskoy wazalelwa ngo-1837 e-Ostrogozhsk, kwiphondo yaseVoronezh, kwintsapho yeebhalana.

Waphumelela ngeentlonelo ezivela kwisikolo kweso sixeko, wafunda upende kwaye wayesebenza njengomfundi kwi-studio ye-paint-studio, kodwa kuphela ngonyaka. Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-16 washiya isixeko sakhe sasekuhlaleni waza wahamba iminyaka emithathu eRussia, esebenzisa ubuchule bomdwebi, umququzi wamanzi kunye ne-retoucher kwi-photographer yaseKharkov.

Ngo-1857, uKramskoy wangena eSt. Petersburg Academy of Arts, ngaphandle kwemfundo ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Academy ayizange iqedele izifundo zayo, ekubeni ihamba phambili "ukuvukela kwezinto ezilishumi elinesine" kwaye, ngendlela yoqhankqalazo malunga nezithethe ezikhoyo zeziko, zishiya abafundi, ziphazamisa izifundo zakhe.

Ngomnyaka we-1863 waqala ukusebenza kuMbutho weNkxaso yabaTitshala njengotitshala. Kulo ntloko yeqela labahlobo, eziququzelelwe yi-Artel yezobugcisa, kwaye emva koMbutho weeMiboniso zohambo.

I-Kramskoy: Iimpawu zobuninzi

Uhlobo oluphambili apho mna. UKramskoy wasebenza yinto ebonisa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha yayimile kwinqanaba lekhaya. Umculi unomdla kubalinganiswa bakhe njengomntu-ummi, kunye nobutyebi nesithunzi sehlabathi lakhe langaphakathi, ngeemvakalelo zakhe kunye namava, ithemba kunye neenjongo. I Kramskoy yayiyinhloko yeziganeko zengqondo.

Wazinikela emsebenzini wakhe kwaye wayenomnqweno omkhulu wokupenda, ukunyamekela nokungenakulungiswa, UKramskoy wafa emva kwe-easel, esebenza kwi-portrait kaDkt. Raufhus. Wahlala iminyaka engama-50 kuphela, kodwa washiya ifa elibugcisa kwizityalo zakhe. Uninzi lwezikhwama zenkosi zigcinwa kwingqokelela yeGraphic Tretyakov Igalari.

Imbali yokudalwa kwinqanawa ephawulekayo

Ubomi bentsapho yaseKramskoy bubuhlungu. Ngokukhawuleza, waphulukana noonyana abancinci ababini. Ngenxa yesiganeko esibuhlungu saloo mculi, naye wabhala ingxowa enkulu. "Intlungu engaxakaliyo" yeKramskoy, ngokutsho kwe-I. I-Repin, "yayiyinyani ephilayo." Imithombo ithi kwimimandla yomlingisi oyintloko zilandelwa iinkalo zomfazi wombhali uSophia Nikolaevna.

Ngokuba "Usizi Obuhlungu" uKramskoy ubude kakhulu ukhetha isisombululo senkxaso. Walingisa ezininzi iindlela zakhe, kodwa wayeka kwizinto ezilula kwaye ezifutshane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi wawuhlala iminyaka emine.

I-Kramskoy's toilevas "Inxantathu Yokudangala": inkcazo

Ininzi yesikhephe sithatyathwa ngumfanekiso wesifazana esililileyo kwisambatho sokulila, kunye nebhekiki esandleni sakhe, esifaka umlomo wakhe. Iinyembezi azikho, kodwa ukukhangela kwimeko enye. Isalathisi sasibonakala siqhenqile kwisakhiwo sayo. Kukho into efanayo nomfanekiso womama kwinqanawa laseKramskoy kunye nesikhumbuzo saseMotherland, enxungulela oonyana bakhe.

Kwiinyawo zowesetyhini ezazisasazeka, njengokungathi zibekwe kwisikhumbuzo, iintyatyambo. Ngamnye wabo akayena nje intyatyambo - isimboli. I-tulip ebomvu ifanekisela uthando olukhulu oludliwayo, i-daffodils ephuzi - iimpawu zokufa ebusheni, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo ukuzalwa kwakhona. AmaNarcissus nawo afanekisela ukuba unobungozi obunokuthi, ngokutsho kwimbali-mfundiso, kunokubangela ukuvuthwa kwexesha elide lokuqhumisa, kunye nethemba elikhohlisayo. Iimpawu ezihlaza okwi-buds eziye zaqhakaza kwaye zingagqithiselwa ukubonakalisa ubomi obungunaphakade. Ukuqhubeka kwenkcazo yomdwebo kaKramskoy "Intlungu ebunzima", kuyimfuneko ukuthobela ingqalelo ukuba ibhinqa limi kufuphi nebhokisi leentyantyambo kunye ne-wreath, ekulungele, ngokucacileyo, kwimingcwabo yomngcwabo. Ingqumbo yefom ejikelezileyo ithetha ngokuphakade nokungafi. Kwaye i-roses ebomvu, emhlophe kunye ephuzi eboshwe kuyo-isisa, ubumsulwa kunye nokunyaniseka, ukunyamekela umfazi onothando-kulo mzekelo unina.

I heroine isetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwindlu elula, eyona igxininisa into eyenzekayo. Yimi ngasemaphethelweni womfanekiso, ngokukhawuleza ukuphuma kuyo ngokubhekiselele kwintsipho kunye nokwesabisa. Ubumnyama obufanayo obumnyama obuhamba emva komama - kwimvelaphi emva kwekhetheni. Isimboli sokungabikho kwengqondo, yobumnyama obuzalisekile intliziyo yowesifazane, umbono wekamva elihle - yodwa intlungu ebumnyama, intlungu kunye nokulangazelela intlekele eyilindele phambili!

Umbala we-Kramskoy's toilevas "Usizi olungenasiphelo", njengemvakalelo yakhe, lubuhlungu. Imibala yebala elimnyama kunye negrey isetyenziswe.

I-Kramskoy's toilevas "Inxantathu Yokudakumba" yenye yeyona misebenzi ecebisayo kakhulu yenkosi.