I-Romanesque izakhiwo - amandla kunye nobukhulu

Isitayela seCronologically Romance kwindlela yobugcisa baseYurophu kubangelwa kwii-10-12 zeenkulungwane. Kwixesha elilodwa lembali, ubugcisa obuthile bubunjani, oko kukuthi, uhlobo lobugcisa obubonakaliswe ngokubanzi kwizinto zobugcisa kunye nezobugcisa. Ngexesha elithandekayo kuthi, ukwakhiwa okwakubaluleke kakhulu isitayela samaRoma.

Ukwakhiwa nokuphuhliswa kwamazwe angama-feudal, ukuvuselelwa komsebenzi wezoqoqosho kunye noqoqosho, ukuqiniswa kwezikhundla zebhalisa konke kuncedise ekwakhiweni okukhulu kokwakhiwa kweengqungquthela zendlu, iindwendwe, iikedrari, neenqaba.

Isitayela saseRoma sasisakhiwo sokuqulunqwa kwezakhiwo zaseRoma zasekuqaleni ngokubambisana nezixhobo zobungcali bezokwakha.

KwiRavenna (Italy) ngekhulu le-6, ingcwaba likaTheodoric lakhiwa. Isikhumbuzo esicacileyo solu hlobo lwenkcubeko kunye neenkcubeko ezinobumba. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-8, isahluko senkundla yaseCharlemagne yakhiwa e-Aachen.

Iimpawu zobugcisa zaseRoma ziyaziwa ngenyameko yayo yeplastiki, ubukhulu obukhulu, i-laconism yemigangatho kunye neefom. Indlela ekhohlakeleyo enamandla ekwahlula izakhiwo zekhulu le-10 neyeshumi le-12 lilawulwa ngqalelo yamandla nokungenafinyeleleki. Enyanisweni, kunye nemfuneko yemikhosi, nayiphina iindwendwe okanye i-cathedral yaba yinqaba engenakunakunqandwa, ingakhankanyi inkqutyana yenkosi yama-feudal.

Ixesha alizange lisishiye izakhiwo zokuhlala zaseMandulo, zakhiwe ngodongwe kunye nemithi. Amadolophu asezindaweni zeenkampu zamaRoma ezonakaliswa ngamaxesha asemaphandleni asanda kuvela, ngoko ke ii-monasteries kunye neenqaba zaziziindawo-ezoqoqosho, ezobugcisa nezenkcubeko. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwawo, iibhloko ezinkulu zamatye kunye nama-slabs zasetyenziswa. Izinto eziphathekayo ngokwayo zithi zifomathi ezilula zokwakha, iindlela ezinzulu zokwenza izinto.

Ubungqina bobugcisa bobuRoma bububungqina obubonakalayo bexesha elibi leemfazwe. Ubume, ubukhulu, iinqaba, ukutyebisa - yonke into yayicaciswe kuphela ngeemfuno ezithile.

Inqaba yase-feudal yakhiwa kwintlambo, ithafa, kwindawo ephezulu kwisithili. Ukuba kwakungekho, intaba yazaliswa. Iindonga eziphakamileyo zinqaba kunye nezakhiwo ezijikeleze izakhiwo zokuhlala, ezoqoqosho nezakhiwo. Eyona nto iphambili yinkolongo, indawo yokuhlala yekosi ye-feudal. I-moat yayisoloko ikrazula ngaphandle kweqonga kwaye yazaliswa ngamanzi. Kwakunokwenzeka ukungena kwinqaba kuphela ngebhulorho yokuphakamisa. Isakhiwo esinamandla esinokumelana nokuzingqingwa kwexesha elide, apho izakhamuzi zendawo yokuhlala zingasabela.

Ekucwangciseni izakhiwo ze-monastic, kwakhona, okokuqala, iimfuno zokukhusela zigcinwe. Intsimi enkulu yamatye, iidolophu zokuqala, iinqaba, zazinqandwa kwaye zingenakufikeleleka, kunye neenqaba zamakhosikazi. Ithempeli liziko eliyinxalenye yendawo yokuhlala. I-Romanesque Cathedral kunye nokuhlelwa kwindlela elula, kwaye kwi-decoration - iyigqirha kwaye igcinwe.

Isitayela samaRoma sisasazeka kulo lonke elaseNtshona Yurophu nakumaMbindi Mpuma (kwimimandla yaseRoma yasekuqaleni apho ubuKristu banda khona). I-Romanesque yezakhiwo zaphuhliswa kwaye zaphuhliswa phantsi kweempembelelo zedolophu zendawo. ENgilani, eNorway, eJamani, eItali, kwakukho izikolo zokwakha.

Ininzi yezikhumbuzo zeli xesha lahlala eFransi. Izona zidumileyo yiCarcassonne (ikhulu le-12) - idolophu eneqingqiweyo eningizimu yelizwe; I-Abbey yaseSanta Michel (inkulungwane yeshumi elinesi-12), iinqaba zaseburhulumenteni e-Saint-Antonin Auxerre (inkulungwane ye-12). Iimpawu zesita samaRoma zibonakaliswa ngokucacileyo kwizakhiwo ze-Notre-Dame la Grand Cathedral ePoitiers (inkulungwane ye-11).

Ubugcisa obuphakathi bungaziwa, asiyazi amagama abakhi bezakhiwo kunye nabakhi.

I-Romanesque i-architecture, isasimangalisa ngamandla kunye nokuthula okukhulu, yenziwe ngamatters angaziwa. Kodwa kuyamangalisa ukuba amagama abadali bendawo yezona zakhiwo ezidumileyo kwihlabathi-itempile elinezixeko zaseNtaliyane zasePisa - zigcinwe. I-Pisa Cathedral kunye nenqaba yayo (i-Tower Tower of Pisa) yenziwe ngabakhi be-Innsbruck (iSwitzerland yanamuhla) iBotket neRainaldus ekupheleni kwekhulu le-11-12.