IPavel Tretyakov: i-biography efutshane. Igalari kaPavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov

I-Tretyakov yeGalati eyaziwayo emhlabeni ivuleleke kubakhenkethi wonyaka wonke. Nangona kunjalo, akuzona zonke iindwendwe ezijwayelene nomlando wendalo yayo, kunye namagama abantu, ngenxa yemigudu yabonakala kuyo.

Ubuntwana boMqokeleli

I-biography kaPavel Tretyakov yaqala ngoDisemba 27, 1832. Umqokeleli wekamva wazalwa eMoscow kwintsapho yomrhwebi. Impembelelo enkulu ebomini bakhe yayinemfundo epheleleyo, apho uPavel nomntakwabo bafumana ekhaya. Abazalwana ukususela ebuntwaneni babancedisa uyise kumsebenzi.

Umnqweno wokunceda, nokwandisa ishishini lentsapho, lomelele kangangokuba i-Tretyakovs encinci yayibandakanya ukuveliswa kwephepha-yaba ngabaphathi beepilisi zokuprinta izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi abayizinkulungwane ezintlanu.

Uthando lobuhle

U-Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov ukususela ebuntwaneni bokuqala esemlingeni wayemnene, enomdla, ophendulayo. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo, ukulula kunye nentliziyo yentliziyo yayingqinelana kakhulu ne-acumen yezoqoqosho, ukukwazi ukugqamisa into ephambili, ukunyamezela. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yakhe ephambili (umphathi wefektri), uPavel Tretyakov wayekuthanda kakhulu ubugcisa. Le nsizwa yagqiba zonke iindleko zokuqokelela iqoqo yemisebenzi engcono yelo xesha kwaye yatshisa le ngcamango ekupheleni kobomi bakhe.

Emva kokuba aqale umsebenzi wakhe, uPitakoakov Pavel Mikhailovich wayeqonda ngokucacileyo iinjongo ezazimi phambi kwakhe aze ahlole ubunzima bomsebenzi wakhe. Ukuqokelela ukuqokelela kwamthatha ixesha elide. Ekubeni, ngaphezu kwenkanuko yakhe yobugcisa, uPavel Tretyakov kunye nomntakwabo babenemisebenzi yokurhweba, oko kukuthi, ukuphathwa kwefeksi ekhangela i-Kostroma kunye nokuthengiswa kwephepha kunye neendwangu, ubugcisa abuzange buninzi ixesha. Kodwa uPavel Tretyakov wayebandakanyekile kule nkalo ebalulekileyo kungekhona ngenxa yesifiso sokufumana inzuzo, impumelelo, igunya, ubuqaqawuli. Wayehlushwa yile mvakalelo, kwaye wenza konke akwaziyo ukukhusela nantoni na into ebalulekileyo malunga nokuqokelela kwakhe. Kukho ityala elidumileyo xa, emva kwegama likaStasov, apho umlobi egungquthela kuPavel Mikhailovich ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ongenamsebenzi, uTitakoakov wagula wagula ngenxa yokugula, ecasulwa ngenxa yoko. Emva kwesiganeko, uPavel Mikhailovich waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye eMoscow okwesikhashana. Emva koko, umqokeleli wenqabe ukuya emkhosini wecala malunga nokutshintshwa kweTaltyakov Gallery eMoscow. Esi simo sengqondo siqinisekisa ukuba umntu olula kwaye uthobekileyo nguPavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. I-biography yomqokeleli, ewe, ayikwazi ukukwenza ukunyaniseka.

Ukuqala kweqoqo

Kunzima ukusho ngubani owamfaka uPavel Tretyakov inzala yobungcali, kodwa waqala ukubandakanya ukupenda kwangoko. UPawulos, xa wayesengumntwana, wayevuyiswa ngumbono ohloniphekileyo wokuqokelela iqoqo lakhe kwaye ngaloo ndlela uvulele abantu basekhaya ithuba lokusondela kobugcisa, kubandakanywa nelizwe. Iphupha lakhe lalijoliswe ukuba lizaliseke. Kakade ngo-1856 wabeka isiseko sokuqokelela kwakhe. Intshisekelo enkulu kuye yayingumsebenzi wezobugcisa baseRashiya. Kwixesha elide uTerakoakov wagcina iqoqo lakhe kwiiofisi, kwaye ngo-1874 wakha i-chic isakhiwo sonke. Ngowe-1881 igalari yavulwa ngokukhululekile ukutyelela.

Ukwenza igalari

Ngaphandle kokufumana kunye nokuyalela imibala yegalari yakhe, uPavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov walandela ukulinganisa okufanayo, njengoko kukho konke. Kwanokuzaliswa kwemyuziyam yolondolozo olufanelekileyo kunye nolungileyo oluchaphazelekayo. Ukuthenga imizobo, uPavel Tretyakov akazange azame ukuzalisa iqoqo lakhe kunye nemiboniso ebiza kakhulu. Umqokeleli wabambelela ngegolide.

Umqokeleli akazange ahlazeke kwaye axoxisane nabaculi. Uninzi lweemizobo ezifunyenwe nguTyakoakov zazingexabiso eliphakathi. Umsebenzi oyintloko kaPavel Mikhailovich ngelo xesha kwakukuqokelela ngokubanzi ukuqokelela kwemisebenzi eya kubonisa ubugcisa bobugcisa baseRashiya obukhoyo.

Ixabiso leGraphic Tretyakov

Inxalenye ephambili yegalari yaqulunqwa yimisebenzi yokushicilelwa kweRashiya. Uninzi lweemidwebo zapenda nge-Wanderers. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kwengubo, uPavel Mikhailovich wayeyithanda imifanekiso kunye nekiso. Ukuze agcwalise iqoqo yakhe, umqokeleli wayehlala ethenga uluhlu lwezenzo. Kule nto, uTyakoakov waya kwiindawo ezininzi zokubonisa iimpahla zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, apho athenge khona imizobo. Ukongeza, umqokeleli wacela abaculi baseRussia ukuba bapende imifanekiso yegalari yakhe ukuze bafumane umyalelo. Phakathi kwezi zemizobo zininzi zezibonakalisi, kubandakanya izibalo zaseRashiya ezidumileyo kunye nabalawuli, izazinzulu, ababhali, abaculi, abaculi, abaculi, umzekelo, uTolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Turgenev, Nekrasov, Goncharov, Tchaikovsky kunye nabanye abantu abavelele.

Ukongeza kwimifanekiso eyenziwe nguPavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov kwimiboniso okanye eyalelwa kwixesha elihle kakhulu kwii-artists kwizakhiwo zasekhaya, kunye neemifanekiso kunye neemifanekiso, ukuqokelela kwakuquka loo mi sebenzi eqokelelwe kwaye igcinwe ngumzalwana kaPavel Mikhailovich. Le ngqokelela ibandakanya imisebenzi yamaFrench. Kuze kube phakathi kwekhulu lemashumi mabini kwimisebenzi engama-84 igcinwe kwiIgalari yeTratoakov, ize ihanjiswe kwiHermitage kunye ne-Pushkin Museum.

Ixabiso lomsebenzi

Ngomnyaka we-1892 uPavel Tretyakov wathatha isinyathelo esivulekileyo waza wadlulisela igalari yakhe kunye nayo yonke iqoqo eMoscow. Ngalesi nqaku iqoqo laliqulethwe ngaphezu kweyimboli engamakhulu. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu igalari izuze igama layo elisemthethweni leSixeko soGcino iTrtyakov.

Ingakumbi ngokubaluleka kakhulu kwimbali yenkcubeko yaseRussia yinto yokuba ngexesha lokudalwa kwegalari, umzobo wesizwe kwiRashiya yaseRashiya yayinomlingani ohlukileyo. Ukubeka nje, kwakukho kwisigaba sokwakheka. Ngaloo xesha, ubugcisa bemizi yasemakhaya babesoloko bexeliswa, ukugxekwa ngokukrakra kwaye eqinisweni bekukuphela kwenkqubo yophuhliso. Kwakungumsebenzi kaPavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov owenza ukuba kube lula ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi yesikolo sokupenda kunye nokushiya imisebenzi ekhethiweyo kuphela kwigalari, ngaloo ndlela ibeke ithoni ekuphuhliseni phambili kwezobugcisa beRussia.

Umrhumo obugcisa

Kumele kuthiwe ekudala ubudala umqokeleli akazange ayeke ukuzalisa igalari aze aphelise nendlela yakhe yokulungisa nokunyusa. Ngokwezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngomnyaka uPavel Mikhailovich wathenga imisebenzi emitsha yegalari, phakathi kwayo imidwebo kunye nemifanekiso. Ngomsebenzi wakhe onobubele uPavel Tretyakov womeleza ukubaluleka kwehlabathi kwiTaltyakov Gallery. Kodwa kulo msebenzi wobugcisa kaPavel Mikhailovich awupheli. Ngo-1893 umqokeleli waba ilungu leSt.

Igalari yePavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov ithandwa kakhulu kubakhenkethi namhlanje. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwendalo yayo.

Yelifa lemveli

Ngaloo ndlela, imbono kaPavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov ukudala i-museum kazwelonke sele izaliseke ngokupheleleyo. Igalari yeTrtyakov yayiyindawo yokuqala yokutyelela igalari. Kule nyuziyamu yaqokelela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eRussia. Kwakungenxa yoko kuba uPavel Tretyakov wabalwa. Ngamafutshane, igalari ayihlanganisi nje kuphela indalo yabalobi bezona zihlandlo, kodwa kwakhona yaba ngumqondiso wesibonakaliso kwaye ikhokelela ekumiseni ikusasa leRashiya yenkcubeko.

Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, iTransakov Gallery iye yaba yindawo yokugcina imisebenzi yobugcisa njengemisebenzi kaShilder, Khudyakov, Trutnev, Savrasov, Trutovsky, Bruni, Lagorio noBryullov.

Ukuhlonela ngokukhethekileyo umbonisi omkhulu kwakuwumsebenzi weWanderers. UPavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov wayevuyiswa ngumdla wabo wokomoya, wokwenza izinto zokomoya, owawuthandana nomhlaba wakubo, kwilizwe lawo, ukuya eRashiya. Umqokeleli uchazwe ngokucacileyo ngengqiqo yokubukeka ebonakalayo kuye ngokuzaliseka okungaqhelekanga kwimisebenzi yalaba masters. Kwimibala yabo yokudweba yayiphazamisekile kakhulu uPavel Mikhailovich iingqungquthela zobulungisa, umnqweno weqiniso kunye nokuchuma. Akusiyo into yokuba umsebenzi weengcali zePeredvizhniki uhlala kwindawo ebalulekileyo ekuqoqweni kukaTrtyakov.

Igunya likaTrtyakov

Ngombulelo kwisimo esihle, umgomo omkhulu, kunye nomntu okhethekileyo, uTrtyakov wayenolwazi oluninzi kunye nabahlobo phakathi kwabaculi. Amanani amaninzi ngokwenza kwabo amalungiselelo anike inkxaso kunye nenkxaso ekudalweni kweTaltyakov Igalari. UPavel Mikhailovich wayemthanda kakhulu kwaye wahlonishwa kule ndawo. Kwaye phakathi kwabanye abaqokeleli, uTrtyakov wanikwa umthi wesundu kwaye, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wavumela owokuqala ukuba akhethe phakathi kwimiqulu ebhaliweyo ye-museum yakhe. UPavel Tretyakov wayeyaziwayo phakathi kwabo bonke abaculi. I-biography emfutshane yomqokeleli igxininisa ukuba, ngaphezu kwezinto zakhe ezintle, yena ngokwakhe wayenomdla phakathi kwamagcisa. Ngoko, uVolnukhin wabhalela umqokeleli wesithombe sakhe.

Sebenzi yoluntu

UPavel Tretyakov wayengumhlobo kunye nabaculi abaninzi kwaye axhaswa ezininzi. Phakathi kwala manani ku-Kramskoy, Perov, Vasiliev kunye nabanye abaninzi abadali. Kodwa uthando lomqokeleli alupheli apho. U-Pavel Mikhailovich wasekela ngokusisiseko amaziko eemfuno ezizodwa zemfundo kubantu abaninzi abaphulaphulayo, abahlolokazi abaxhaswa ngemali ngabathengi abahluphekileyo, kunye nabantwana babo. Waye wabamba iqhaza ekuhleleni indawo yokukhusela. Imisebenzi enjalo igxininisa indlela iParel Pavel Tretyakov eyasasazeka ngayo. I-biografi yomqokeleli yenza inkcazelo engabonakaliyo njengendlela yokuphila yomntu onobubele obumnandi.

Impumelelo yoMqokeleli

U-Tretyakov Pavel Mikhailovich wangena kwimbali yaseRashiya njengeqhawe lokwenene, owenza okuninzi uMlandland wakhe kunye nokuchuma kwayo. Ngaphezu koko, abaninzi abachasayo bayabonisa ukuba ungumntu oyinyaniso welizwe lakhe. Kakade, kunzima ukungavumelani nale nto. Emva kwayo yonke into, injongo kaPavel Mikhailovich yayikukuqokelela njengeqoqo elikhulu lemisebenzi yaseRussia ngokusemandleni, ukuphindaphinda nokubonisa lonke uzuko lwayo lwaseRashiya. Ngaphezu koko, uTytyakov wayengenayo imfundo yobugcisa, kodwa akazange akhethe ngokucacileyo imiboniso engcono yegalari yakhe. I-Biography uTytyakov Pavel Mikhailovich ukhonza njengomzekelo ogqithisileyo wendlela enokuba luncedo ngayo kwilizwe lakhe.