KaHomer: biography elifutshane umdla facts

KaHomer, ogama engobomi ngoku benomdla abaninzi - yimbongi yokuqala Greece yamandulo, ogama baye basinda imisebenzi. Namhlanje, yena ingqalelo omnye neembongi eYurophu esihle. Noko ke, phezu uHomer hle apho. Noko ke, simele sizame ukubuyisela ubuncinane ngokubanzi, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi, ngokusekelwe kulwazi olukhoyo.

Ntoni igama kaHomer?

Igama "uHomer" saqala okhankanywe kwinkulungwane 7. BC. e. ngoko wabizwa Kallin Efessky njengoko umdali "Thebaid". Ixabiso igama baye bazama ukucacisa ngemihla yamandulo. Sinikezela nakoku kulandelayo: "iimfama" (Ephorus), "Ndilandele" (Aristotle), "bathinjwa" (Gesihy). Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi mihla bakholelwa ukuba xa akukholisi kanye njengoko ngesiphakamiso ezinye izazinzulu bathi kuye intsingiselo 'accompanist "okanye" slagatel ". Ngokuqinisekileyo ilizwi igama ungumntu wokwenene likaThixo kwimo yalo Ionic.

Apho ndivela kaHomer?

Biography imbongi ukuba ngokutsha ngombandela kuphela. Oku kusebenza kude kuse kwindawo yokuzalwa kaHomer, nto leyo ayaziwa. imizi ezisixhenxe balwela ilungelo lokuba azalelwa kuyo: Chios, eSmirna, eSalamis, isigcino, Argos, iRhodes, eAthene. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba "Odyssey" yaye "Iliad" badalwa kunxweme Asia Minor of Greece, apho kwakuhlala ngexesha zezizwe Corinth. Kwaye mhlawumbi le mibongo zenziwa ezinye iziqithi ezingqongileyo. lwesigodi Homeric, Noko ke, abazange unikezele naluphi na ulwazi ngqo malunga isizwe yeharim kaHomer, ogama engobomi igcina ingaziwa. Kuyinto indibanisela Aeolian Ionic neziyelelane nangesiRoma. Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba luhlobo abunjwe kudala ngaphambi kokuba IsiKoine zemibongo kaHomer kaThixo.

nokuba Homer eyimfama?

KaHomer - imbongi Greek, ogama engobomi kuye ngokutsha abaninzi, ukusukela mandulo ukuba namhlanje. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngokwesiqhelo uvezwa eyimfama. Noko ke, mhlawumbi, ukuba ingcamango yokuba kuvuselelwa uhlobo obabuthandwa ngobomi yamandulo, kwaye zisekelwe phezu kwizibakala yokwenene malunga kaHomer. Ekubeni iimvumi ezininzi edume kunye nabaprofeti babeziimfama (ngakumbi, Tiresias), ngokungqinelana ingqiqo yamandulo, edibanisa isipho kwimibongo yesiprofeto, kwinkolelo yokuba kaHomer uyimfama, kwabonakala zincomeka.

iminyaka kaHomer yokuphila

chronographs antique kwakhona kwahluka ekumiseleni ixesha ekulihlaleni kaHomer. Umbhali, ogama engobomi sikhathazekile, Ndizakwenza imisebenzi yabo kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba owayephila kaTrojan War, oko kukuthi, siphila kwenkulungwane ye-12. BC. e. Noko ke, UHerodotus wathi kaHomer umelwane phakathi kwenkulungwane 9. BC. e. Izazinzulu namhlanje uthambekele kuthi ga ngoku imisebenzi yayo 8 okanye BC kwekhulu 7. e. Ngelo xesha njengoko isithuba engundoqo ephilileyo iboniswe Chios okanye omnye mmandla Ionia, ibekwe kunxweme lwe Asia Minor.

ubuchule kaHomer

KaHomer Kwamandulo, ngaphandle for "I Odyssey" yaye "Iliad", okuthiwa zabhalwa kunye neminye imibongo eziliqela. Nanamhla oku walondoloza iingceba ezininzi zazo. Namhlanje, nakuba kunjalo, kukholelwa ukuba zabhalwa umbhali, owayehlala emva kwe kaHomer. Le umbongo kwinqakwana "uMargaret", "Homeric Hymn" kunye nabanye.

Ngokucacileyo, le "Odyssey" yaye "Iliad" yabhalwa kudala emva kokuba iziganeko ezichazwe kule misebenzi. Kodwa indalo zabo yomhla ngaphaya BC ngenkulungwane yesi-6. e., xa ubukho babo eyayibhalwe ngokuthembekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ubomi uHomer kunganxulunyaniswa kwithuba ukusuka BC-12 ukuya ku-7 ekhulwini. e. Nangona kunjalo, lo mhla olutsha kakhulu mhlawumbi.

Le ezimbini zokucwangcisa, phakathi uHesiod ne kaHomer

Yintoni enye ungandixelela ntoni le mbongi enkulu, kaHomer? Biography abantwana ngokuqhelekileyo lishiye le ngongoma, Noko ke, kukho isithethe zokucwangcisa zemibongo yabanjwa phakathi uHesiod ne kaHomer. Kuye kuchazwe kule ncwadi, hayi emva kwe-3 kwi wadala. BC. e. (Kwaye abanye abaphandi bakholelwa kakhulu ngaphambili). Libizwa ngokuba "Contest kaHomer kunye uHesiod." Isixelela ukuba ziimbongi bahlanganisana imidlalo imbeko Amfidema olwenziwe ngayo. Euboea. Apha ke sacengceleza imibongo konke okusemandleni abo. Ijaji kukhuphiswano ukumkani Paneda. Usindiso yanikezelwa uHesiod, ngokuba wabiza uxolo kunye nezolimo, kungekhona ukuze ahlabe imfazwe. Noko ke, oko kwicala kaHomer aba novelwano abaphulaphuli.

Wayekhona "Odyssey" yaye "Iliad"

Zesayensi, phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19 uluvo weyisa ukuba i "Odyssey" yaye "Iliad" - umsebenzi ayinanzuzo. Noko ke, namkhanyela zombiwe Genriha Shlimana, apho wachitha Mycenae naphezu kweenduli Hissarlik e sharing-1870-80. Ukufunyanwa ivuso ngayo abembi wabonisa ukuba Mycenae, uTroy kunye Achaean kwinqaba iShushan eyayikho ngokwenyani. Ababephila ahlaselwa Isazinzulu waseJamani ufumana imbalelwano yayo engcwabeni ententeni 4, ibekwe Mykonos, wenza iinkcazelo kaHomer. Kamva, amaxwebhu yaseYiputa, umHeti, ingalandwa ngaxeshanye iziganeko kaTrojan zifunyenweyo. A oluninzi ulwazi malunga nezenzo lwemibongo anikwe ixesha ezama lokubhala syllabic zohlobo. Noko ke, le misebenzi kaHomer kunye documentary kunye zakudala ke imithombo ekhoyo ezinxulumene ngendlela entsonkothileyo kwaye ayikwazi ngoko inokusetyenziswa uncritically. Into yokuba ngokwesithethe olu hlobo ubugqwetha enkulu kwenkcazelo yembali kufuneka kwenzeke.

KaHomer kunye nenkqubo yezemfundo, oosinga nehomere

Inkqubo yesiGrike zemfundo kwasekwa ekupheleni kwexesha yamandulo, yayisekelwe isifundo bobuchule kaHomer. umbongo wakhe ngentloko yonke okanye inxalenye yayo, phezu izihloko baziva bonwabile kunye ukuphindwa, njalo njalo. D. Kamva, iRoma abolekwe le nkqubo. Apha, ukususela BC Ngenkulungwane yoku-1. e. Homer kubekwa Virgil. imibongo gekzametricheskie Large wadalwa ngexesha Postclassic ngentetho yombhali yamandulo yamaGrike, kwakunye ukhuphiswano okanye bexelisa i "Odyssey" yaye "Iliad". Njengoko ubona, abantu abaninzi abanomdla bobuchule ngobomi kaHomer. Umxholo emfutshane ngemisebenzi yakhe yaba sisiseko emisebenzini ababhali abaninzi ababehlala eRoma mandulo. Phakathi kwabo abhalwe of Argonautica iRhodes ' ", imveliso ye Nonna Panopolitanskogo" The Adventures leivy "kunye noQuintus of eSmirna" iziganeko Poslegomerovskie. " Ukuqonda iingenelo kaHomer kunye nezinye iimbongi of Greece yamandulo ayeke ekudaleni uhlobo enkulu enkulukazi. Ayekholelwa ukuba kwimfezeko olugqibeleleyo zingafezekiswa kuphela xa umsebenzi encinane.

impembelelo kaHomer kwi uncwadi kumazwe ahlukeneyo

Yoncwadi ongumRoma, imisebenzi yokuqala lokusinda (nangona zale) yaba ukuguqulelwa "I Odyssey". I wamenza ukuba ungumGrike Liviy Andronik. Qaphela ukuba umsebenzi engundoqo uncwadi of Ancient Rome - i "Aeneid" Virgil - kwiincwadi ezintandathu zokuqala yi tekelela i "Odyssey", yaye kwixesha elidluleyo ezintandathu - ". Iliad" Phantse yonke imisebenzi yamandulo, nikwazi nje ukubucalula impembelelo yemibongo ukuba wadala kaHomer.

Biography kunye nomsebenzi awayenomdla, kunye amaByzantine. Kweli lizwe, uHomer wafunda ngenyameko. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwabuzwa ngqangi yaseByzantium yemibongo bakhe wafunyanwa. Ngokuba imisebenzi yamandulo, kuba nanto. Ngaphezu koko, izazinzulu ziye udale i iikhomentari aseByzantium scholia ukuba nehomere, ize yayishicilelwe kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe. Imiqulu ezisixhenxe kuthatha Comment uBhishophu Eustache kubo. ngqangi yesiGrike kule minyaka yokugqibela yoBukhosi baseByzantium, uze emva ungqubano waya West. Ngoko ke bafumana Homer Renaissance era.

biography emfutshane wembongi, wadalwa sithi, amagqabi imibuzo ingasonjululwanga emininzi. Bonke bephela kunye zenza leMibuzo Homeric. Indlela yokusombulula kuyo abaphandi ezahlukeneyo? Kodwa nantsi eyona nyaniso.

umbuzo Homeric

Umbuzo Homeric kunjalo efanelekileyo. Le imiba enxulumene mbhali "I Odyssey" yaye "Iliad", kwakunye ubuntu uMdali wabo. pluralists abaninzi, izazinzulu babekholelwa ukuba le mibongo azikho ekwimo indalo kaHomer, leyo, njengokuba abaninzi bakholelwa, yayingekabikho. Bathi ke BC indalo 6 ekhulwini. e. Ezi izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba imibongo adalwa, mhlawumbi eAthene, xa iingoma ababhali ezahlukeneyo, enayinikelwayo phantsi ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana, ziye ndawonye yaye makabhalwe kwirekhodi. Unitarians, phezu koko, waluthethelela umanyano compositional ngemisebenzi kaHomer, yaye ngenxa yoko ke ukubalasela uMdali wabo.

kaHomer

Epics lombhali yamaGrike yamandulo - misebenzi, imisebenzi nanto zobugcisa. Ngokuba eminyaka akacudiswanga, ilahlekile intsingiselo enzulu kunye nokufaneleka. Amabali umbongo omnye omnye athathwe kumjikelo multi-ohlalele olunzulu amabali ezijongene kaTrojan War. "I Odyssey" yaye "Iliad" zimele kuphela episode encinane kolu ngcelele. Ngokufutshane abonakalise ezi mveliso, ugcwalise ibali lethu ngale ndoda omkhulu, ezifana kaHomer. Imbongi, biography emfutshane kwaxoxwa, uye wadala imveliso ekhethekileyo ngokwenene.

"Iliad"

Ithetha malunga iziganeko ngonyaka we-10 ka kaTrojan War. Lo mbongo iphela kunye nokufa kunye nokungcwatywa egorheni engundoqo seTrojan Hector. ezenzekayo Malunga ngakumbi lempi ukumxelela imbongi yamaGrike yamandulo kaHomer, engobomi ogama mfutshane uchazwe apha ngasentla.

Imfazwe - cu iphambili sombongo, le nto iphambili zabalinganiswa yayo. Enye inkalo yomsebenzi kukuba idabi uboniswa amadabi akusoloko anegazi izihlwele, yaye idabi ngamnye iimpawu ukubonisa amandla ezizodwa, inkalipho, ubuchule kunye nomonde. Phakathi ukulwa ziyakwazi ukuchongeka zokucwangcisa ephambili Achilles kunye Hector. Martial diomedes Agamemnon kunye wachaza Menelaüs ngaphantsi zobugorha imizwa. ngakhanyi kakhulu kwi "Iliad" zazibonisa imikhwa, izithethe kunye nemiba yokuziphatha ebomini, isimilo nobomi yamaGrike amandulo.

"I Odyssey"

Sinokuthi imveliso sinzima ngaphezu "Iliad." Kuyo sifumana ezininzi iimpawu, ethi namhla ziphandwa ukusuka kwindawo imbono ngayo uncwadi. Kulo mbongo uyindumasi ikakhulu uthetha nokubuyela Ithaca emva kaTrojan, Odysseus ke yagqitywa.

Elokuqukumbela, imisebenzi kaHomer - ubuncwane wobulumko abantu bamandulo Greece. Ziziphi ezinye izibakala abe umdla indoda enjengam nje kaHomer? biography Mfutshane abantwana kunye nabantu abadala iqulethe ingcaciso ukuba kukho yombalisi ngomlomo, ukuze elingelilo ileta. Noko ke, nangona oku, imibongo yakhe yesakhono ophezulu nakubuchule zemibongo, bafumana umanyano. "I Odyssey" yaye "Iliad" ezineefitsha uphawu, enye yazo yinto indlela enkulukazi. ithoni abaneminyaka eli-mbaliso, ukuhlolisisa ngenyameko ubungqina, kuvelelwe zonke iinkalo xa umfanekiso epheleleyo, uphuhliso sebali kade - ezi mpawu uphawu imisebenzi wadala kaHomer. biography emfutshane wembongi, ithemba kwatsala umdla wakho emsebenzini wakhe.