Temple of Athena Alaei - enye yeetempile edume uthixokazi yamandulo Greek Athena

Ngelo xesha, iTempile Athena Alaei kucingwe enye indalo ezinkulu ezenziwe ngabantu. ubuhle bayo kukhafula bakholelwe kwinto yokuba oothixo bamandulo ikho ngokwenene. Nanamhlanje, le ndawo abagcwele namandla elimangalisayo ukuba bamngqongile kangangeenkulungwane. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, seva kuphela emanxuweni etempileni.

Kutheni na indawo onobungangamsha enjalo na oyazileyo ubukrakra ukungaphumeleli? Kutheni amandla koothixo yamandulo yamaGrike ngephanyazo shwaka, eshiya ungakhuselekanga yokusabela zabo zangaphambili? Ziziphi izinto ezifihlakeleyo elidlulileyo igcwele itempile Athena Alaei?

Athena - isithixokazi wemfazwe nobulumko

Ngoko ke, nayiphi na ibali kufuneka abe isiqalo nesiphelo. It nje kwenzeka iingcambu zethu nzulu imbali, ngexesha xa ukukhanya kwabonakala ilivo omkhulu Athena. Ngokutsho iinkolelo yamaGrike, kwaba wesihlanu intombi kaZeyus, nto leyo eyenza kube enamandla kakhulu.

Nangona LITHILE njengegorha, waba eyahlukileyo gqitha kumzalwana wakhe Ares. Wayengekho njengokuba ndlongo ngokungakhathali njengoko yena. ikamva lakhe - qhinga izicwangciso amaqhinga ngayo imfazwe yafikelela esiphelweni kunye ilahleko engephi. Kwakhona ingqalelo umxhasi abaphengululi kunye neengcibi. Ukuba uyakholwa amavo yamandulo, ukuba yena owafundisa amantombazana ukwenza bethunga intlalo yoluntu iingubo zakhe.

Xa sijonga le uluhlu amathuba, akumangalisi ukuba yehlelo wakhe enye enkulu Greece yamandulo. Xa inani abalandeli oko ukumkani bonke oothixo bakhuphisane nkqu kaZeyus,.

ukumkani Aley

Tegea - yinto kwisixeko samandulo ibekwe yanamhlanje Greece. Akukho mntu waziyo kakuhle xa balakha, ekubeni iinkcukacha ezithembekileyo malunga noku. Noko ke, ngokutsho irekhodi yembali ukuba VI BC kwinkulungwane. e. wawa phantsi kwedyokhwe yiSparta, yena kwakufuneka ngenxa indawo qhinga.

Phantse engamakhulu amabini iminyaka baqhubeka igunya yabasemzini, logama nje abasemagunyeni musa ukuza uKumkani edume ka Aley. Bathi ukuba Athena ngokwakhe wamnika ubulumko, leyo wammonela ngeenxa zonke. Ngenxa yoko ukumkani elizayo wathembisa ukuba ukwakha itempile imbeko kunye nobuhle obungaqhelekanga.

Ukwakhiwa kwetempile

Mhlawumbi oku konke ububhanxa, kodwa Aley kunjalo sakhiwe imbeko isithixokazi isakhiwo enkulu. Yaye kude etempileni, waza wakha indlu yakhe ukuze usoloko phantsi kweliso baseAthene. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukumkani siziswe Tegea ukuba ubukhulu babo. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe eningayakhanga kuphela endlwini ka-Athena Alaei, kodwa zakhiwe nezinye izakhiwo ezininzi ezintle.

Kodwa ke, yeha, ingcwele emangalisayo akazange umiselwe ukuba baphile ixesha elide. Kulo nyaka 395 BC. e. umlilo enkulu eyenzeka Tegea. Umlilo wayeyiphangile kakhulu ubomi, nesahlulo sesithathu zonke izakhiwo kweso sixeko yatshiswa emhlabeni. Inani bangena kunye endlwini yamandulo Athena, indawo apho kwakukho amatye kuphela zalaba.

A wobugcisa entsha bokwakha

Ukuwa kwetempile yakhokelela eyoyikekayo abantu, kuba wayengafuni kuphulukana ukukhuselwa yesithixokazi elungileyo. Kodwa, yokwakha ngokutsha yalibaziseka kancinane, kodwa isizathu soku ke inguqu zezopolitiko Obumbe Arcadian League omkhulu. Yaba le manyano ukuba ekugqibeleni amaGrike kukuphambukisa kumakhamandela yobukhoboka Sparta.

Xa uxolo ubelawula kakhulu Arcadia, abasemagunyeni tag baye ukuze kubuyiselwe endlwini ka-Athena Alaei. In Scopas yakhethwa njengoko wezakhiwo oyintloko. Ukudalwa kwale misebenzi sele kudala bachukunyiswa yonke Greece ngenxa yobuhle bayo ubukhulu, singasathethi ke into yokuba waye umdali iitempile ezininzi ixesha.

Kuvuselelwa efanayo kakhulu yaqala ngo-465 BC. e. kwaye kuthatha iminyaka eliqela. Kodwa yayilingana, kuba kwisakhiwo esitsha weza ezuke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba oku kwenzeke.

Kwakubonakala ngathi kwitempile samandulo Athena Alaei?

Indalo Scopas yahlukile konke ukuba wakha ngaphambili. Icawa entsha yenzelwe ukuze zonke iinxalenye zayo bayathetha ngayo ubutyebi kule ndawo. Yonke kwakukrolwe imizobo, ngokrolo kunye eqingqiweyo njengokuqonda wanamathela kunye.

itempile baba periptera zakudala. Ngamafutshane, ukuba isakhiwo ebuxande, yabakho umqolo of columns. Esi sakhiwo malunga-20 ububanzi-50 ubude. Ukuphakama ntsika engaphandle kwiimitha 9.7, nto leyo ke endlwini ka-Athena Alaei enye izakhiwo emide phakathi komzi.

Ngaphambi kokuba angene etempileni yaba isibingelelo eyenziwe ezimbejembeje ezihonjiswe kunye nezinto nokuhombisa oqingqiweyo. Abahlali ithegi rhoqo nazo apha izipho zabo ukuze ukungxengxeza Athena uze ucele ukukhuselwa wayo. Enye engcwele etempileni, kodwa yenzelwe ngakumbi priestesses, aniyenzeli bantu abafayo.

Ubomi ngaphakathi etempileni

Ukuba uyakholwa imisongo yamandulo, wayengumbingelelikazi yokuqala itempile ka-Athena intombi dear kaKumkani Alley LfL. Emva koko, kwabakho izithethe iqhawuke ukuba unako ukukhonza kuphela isithixokazi nabafazi, athanda ukuyibeka embekweni okwangoku abachaphazelekayo. Ke ngoko, nje ukuba zibe yobudala aqolileyo ngesondo, ukuba indawo priestesses ezintsha, ekusekeni loop oluqhubekayo.

Enye asethi ephambili tempile yayigqalwa oqingqiweyo uthixokazi Athena. Kuye ombiwe zeendlovu, kunye neenkcukacha baso iingqondo ezimangalisayo amarhamente. Kuthiwa ukuba uthixokazi yena lathatha i nomkroli, ngokuba ndingathini na kwenzeka ngummangaliso?

Kwakhona wadlala indima endlwini Athena yokuhlala ukuze sizikhusele engozini nabani na, nokuba ngumhlali okanye umhambi babhadula.

Ukuwa ukholo yamaGrike amandulo

Ngelishwa, ukonga abanye, Athens Alaei itempile Tegea abakwazi ukuzikhusela umonakalo. Kuvuthelwa nekratshi yakhe yokuqala yaba ayehlasela lamaRoma, leyo, nangona ayewahlonela inkcubeko bezinye iintlanga, kodwa wayethanda ukuba sithathe izinto ezixabisekileyo kwilizwe lakhe. Kungenxa yoko le nto, ndibona umfanekiso etempileni, bayintlekeza ngobuqhophololo, waza wathunyelwa kwikomkhulu.

Noko ke, le tempile ekugugeni Athena ukufika ubuKristu. Le nkolo entsha andigweqe ngokupheleleyo oothixo omdala, kunye nabo, yokusabela kwabo. Ndayihluthwa amarhamente, baqalisa ukwehla, kwaye ngokukhawuleza washiya ubuqaqawuli yangaphambili kweendonga zawo.

Amanxiwa ezinkulu tempile

Kubuhlungu, kodwa namhlanje kuphela yimfumba yamatye ilele phezu endlwini kaThixo wamandulo Athena. Kunjalo, oko besisengama nako ngenxa yomsebenzi yemidlalo of abembi ukufumana emininzi ababekhonza njengesiseko wengcwele.

Ngokomzekelo, xa inxalenye yesiGrike yimyuziyam uye imikrolo eludongeni lwetempile, ebonisa ubugcisa iingcibi ixesha. Izazinzulu kwakhona unethamsanqa ukuba bafumana iingceba eqingqiweyo yamandulo kunye nemihlathi, isihloko yokungena etempileni. Uninzi kula zathunyelwa kwiimyuziyam ezahlukeneyo yembali yehlabathi, ukuze babonise indlela ezilungileyo ookhokho bethu ekwenziweni izinto iingangamsha ngokwenene yaye ezintle.