Stalinization - inkqubo ye de-Stalinization ...

Stalinization - inkqubo ngokupheliswa kwenkqubo yembono kunye nezopolitiko, eyasekwa ebudeni bolawulo I. V. Stalina, kuquka babezinikele ubuntu inkokeli elikhulu. Eli gama lisetyenziswa uncwadi Koloni ukususela-1960. Kwinqaku lwanamhlanje siza kujonga inkqubo de-Stalinization (njengoko wakhawulwa kwaye lwaqhutywa yi Khrushchev), kwakunye neziphumo zayo. Xa ndiqukumbela, siza kuxubusha nomjikelo entsha yalo mgaqo-nkqubo kwi-Ukraine naseRashiya.

Ukuqala de-Stalinization

Le mpikiswano ngale ndaba kucinywa kude kube ngoku. Abanye abantu bathi ukuba ukuveza ubuntu kuStalin kufuneka yaqhubeka, ngoxa abanye - ebizwa impazamo nkqubo Khrushchev. Yonke le nto yaqala ngo-1953. Leader esasibizwa wafa, kunye nalo nkqubo indala. Ukuze amandla ngokukhawuleza beza esibukhali kwaye isigqibo Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. Waba akukho imfundo, kodwa lisisiqalo ngokupheleleyo ingqiqo Akumangalisi yezopolitiko. Waqala nezikhundla angaphantsi kwanala aphakathi esikhundleni iqela kwaye ngokulula wabona iindlela ezintsha. Ngowe-1956, xa XX Congress of the CPSU, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuveza unqulo oyimfama ubuntu Stalin kaThixo. Ngokutsho mbali M. Gefter, uxhathiso urhulumente wayekho phambi kokufa yinkokeli. Ukukholelwa clairvoyance Stalin iye phantsi yi bazoyise enzima kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Ixesha lokuqala izithethe ubuntu kwakuhambisana Beria. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha liqala de-Stalinization uluntu esemthethweni.

"Ingxelo Secret" Khrushchev

XX Congress of the CPSU ngo-1436 ndawonye iindwendwe. Ebizwa ukuba iinyanga ezisibhozo ngaphambi kokuba livalwe ngenxa yemfuno engxamisekileyo ukuhlaziya amazinga emva kokufa kukaStalin. Kwaye Yaphela kuthiwa-"ingxelo efihlakeleyo" Khrushchev. Ugxininiso banikwa yonke ingcaciso ayifumene yiKomishoni Pospelov malunga zocindezelo. Ngokutsho Khrushchev, 70% labaviwa iKomiti Central enyulwa XVII Congress, baba shot. Noko ke, Khrushchev wanyanzelisa ukuba de-Stalinization - oku ingeyiyo intshabalalo iziseko kuluntu bobusoshiyali kunye nokuphelisa yehlelo yingozi. Kwemizi-mveliso, collectivization kunye ukulwa onzima kunye nemikhosi inkcaso zabonakala iziganeko ayimfuneko kuphuhliso yiSoviet Union njenge siqinile. Le ingcinezelo ebebizwe ngokobuqu Stalin kunye nabalandeli bakhe. Khrushchev abazange baqaphele ukuba imvelaphi yeengxaki andixoki nobuntu inkokheli, kodwa kwinkqubo ngokwayo.

Nemiphumela kweli lizwe

"Ingxelo Secret" Khrushchev akazange yapapashwa kwaye efundwayo kuphela kwiintlanganiso abasebenzi zeqela kunye nezimvo ezifanelekileyo. Stalin abazange baqaphele ububi epheleleyo. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, "ayitshintshanga uhlobo 'socialism yokwenene. Society usaqhubeka ezinambuzelayo endleleni, oko kukuthi, ukuba nobuKomanisi. zaye isaziso emibi Bulelani surmounted kwiinzame iinkokeli Communist Party. Ngoko ke phantse isuswe uxanduva sabaxhasi Stalin kaThixo. Baye bahlala kwizikhundla ezingundoqo. Ngokubanzi, i "ingxelo efihlakeleyo" Khrushchev:

• Uye utshintshe kwingcingane abantu Soviet;
• ukuqhekeza intshukumo wamaKomanisi ehlabathini;
• ubungqina bokuba yobuthathaka USSR ukuya eNtshona.

Stalinization: ixesha ukususela 1953 ukuya 1964god

Kuluntu zengqondo ezahlukeneyo-nkqubo omtsha. Yaqala umahluko omkhulu phakathi eSoviet Union kunye West. Makhe siqale ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ngowe-1953, Stalin wafa. Kunyaka olandelayo igama lakhe kunye nomfanekiso uhlala kuxoxwa kweentetho yenkokheli qela. Emva kokuba "ingxelo efihlakeleyo" waqalisa inkqubo esesikweni de-Stalinization. Nangona kunjalo, xa uluntu kwakukho lonke uluhlu izimvo ezahlukeneyo kowayesakuba nguNobhala-Jikelele. Le discrediting yobuntu kuStalin njengoko njengomfuziselo sexesha yabangela ukuba imfazwe ukuzibulala. Abaninzi bengazi ukuba Khrushchev waqalisa ukuba bavakalise izimvo zabo malunga intshutshiso kuphela emva kokufa benkokeli enkulu. Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala de-Stalinization - kodwa ikakhulu ukwahlulwa kwinkqubo yolawulo. Ulawulo republic lanikwa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-10 amawaka amashishini. Ngokutsho uMthetho ka-1957 angaphezu kwe kwenkulungwane ye neengingqi zoqoqosho kunye olawulo adibeneyo - amabhunga kwezoqoqosho. Ukwabela isici esihle yaba kwesidingo amaphulo engingqi. Negative - ekunciphiseni inkqubela zobugcisa. Inkqubo eSoviet baphulukana ubuchule ingqalelo nemali yophuhliso. kwamagunya lalonyukile ngo-1961.

XXII Congress of the CPSU

Kube sebusuku, Oktobha 31, 1961 Red Square iye wePick. Abantu kwabhengezwa ukuba kwabanjwa yokuziqhelisa xa kuqhutywa oku kuvezwa ngomhla we-7 Novemba. Kodwa enyanisweni, ukuphumeza izigqibo XXII Congress of Communist Party eSoviet Union. Oko kukuthi, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza Stalin ukusuka yamangcwaba. Bonke abantu baqonda ukuba amanyathelo alolu hlobo kunokukhokelela isiyaluyalu. Kuba uninzi de-Stalinization - oku kanye lo mcimbi. Phakathi anezikrokro kwakukho eninzi lamajoni. uluntu Local waqala ukugawula amangcwaba yinkokeli enkulu ezinemvume. Abantu uncokole Khrushchev uyasikhulula indawo kwi Umakhi ecaleni uLenin ngokwabo. Ngowe-1961, izixeko ezininzi igama.

e Ukraine

Stalinization - umgaqo-nkqubo eziphembelele kakhulu imeko Ukrainian SSR. Ngeli xesha, kwaba iphulo ephelisiweyo ngokuchasene abavakalelwa wesizwe zehlile inkqubo Russification kunye nendima eyandisiweyo umba Ukrainian kuwo onke amazinga. Ukuze nesithuba sikanobhala lokuqala Communist Party iKomiti Central onyulwe Kirichenko. kwizikhundla zokuphatha baqala iingcambu Ukraine. Ngowe-1954 USSR sakhutshelwa eCrimea. Esi sigqibo bekuqhutywa kufutshane sobummandla kunye noluntu loshishino. Ingxaki yaba ukwakhiwa yobuhlanga yabemi. Ukraine ufunyenwe% 13.7 kuphela. Lo mzuzu esihle inkqubo de-Stalinization kukwandiswa amalungelo republic Union. Nangona kunjalo, ngeendlela ezininzi isifake ubambene ngakumbi eluntwini.