Temple of Arhangela Gavriila, Menshikov Tower: inkcazelo, imbali, ngokomakhi umdla facts

Zolotoverkh Moscow lizele amabandla kunye steeples eziphakamileyo, iinqaba, kodwa kukho ibandla, wakhululwa phakathi iisampulu yemveli eMoscow bokwakha. Sinikezelwa Arhangelu Gavriilu. Isendaweni Clean emachibini, kude ezityhutyhayo kubakhenkethi, Muscovites iyaziwa phantsi igama "Menshikov Tower."

Itempile kwi Butcher dolophu

Sisihlandlo sokuqala ibandla, bamiselwa ukuhlonipha Arhangela Gavriila, eyafunyanwa yeziKronike ukususela 1551. indawo balo yokuhlala Myasnitskaya, ngokwesithethe ngexesha lokwenzeka ngokuba Church Arhangela Gavriila ukuya unosilarha. Kodwa kwakukho omnye Moscow definition eendawo, nto ebotshelelwe indawo etempileni - itempile Gavriila Velikogo namachibi udoti.

Ibali iya ukuba yokuhlala uWele Butcher of abantu abaxakekileyo abahlala kuyo. Ngenyama walahla yonke inkunkuma evela ishishini labo singene echibini, kunye nevumba kubo beza zingambi kakhulu. Kude 1639 ibandla khathalela onguMphathi ngenxa iminikelo ezininzi ukusuka namarhamente azizityebi kwayo yakhiwa ngamatye, zandiswa salungiswa. Kamva, igama yokuhlala yatshintshwa, kwaye ndawo yabizwa ngokuba Gavriilovskoy ityala, egameni le etempileni.

Menshikov iqala yaye akafuni ukugqiba

Intandokazi Peter I, Alexander Menshikov, ngowe-1699 bathenga kwilifa kwidolophana Butcher. Ngenxa yobume esebenzayo, umnqweno ukuba zinikelwe iinzuzo ekuzeni kwaye ixhaswe ngemali yakhe inzondelelo, ngokukhawuleza Prince Menshikov wathabatha ukuxhobisa Gavriilovskuyu icawa, owayekhona awathi waba. umnikelo wokuqala ukuze kuhlaziywe indlu kaThixo, yaye ukususela 1701 ukuya 1703 icawa wabaphakamisa kakhulu, kodwa ke kunjalo, ziyahlelwa Prince Menshikov eyakhokelela yokwakhiwa entsha.

Ngeli xesha, ukumkani bathumela inkosana ukuya mission zomkhosi, yabalasela uloyiso. Ukongeza iimbasa Menshikov ezazivela kwiphulo odumileyo, i icon ngokungummangaliso nguMama kaThixo Polotsk. Ngokutsho legend, i icon epeyintwe yi ngumpostile uLuka. Kuba abanjalo zonqulo Prince Alexander Menshikov wagqiba ukusuka kukuliphi ecaweni elula ukwenza mkhulu, nokakayi apho kuya kubakho umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso. Kwaye ke kanye ngonyaka omnye emva kokuba ukulungiswa Gavriilovskuyu ecaweni yadilizwa baza baqalisa ukwakha entsha phezu kwesiseko salo.

Angel kwi spire

Sagqiba icawa entsha 1707. Waya emangalisayo, ngoko yintoni akukenzeki eMoscow. oluhlebayo luvelisa rumor Menshikov wayefuna 'ukudlula' i Muscovites abanekratshi, ngenxa yokuba abazange singafani Tsar kaThixo ozithandayo, wawukhumbula "nekurtuaznoe" imvelaphi, elidlulileyo Sivikivekile, umsebenzi elaqala ophaya zorhwebo. Zakuba zigqityiwe ukwakhiwa itempile, ngoko nangoko kwakuthiwa "Menshikov Tower."

Church wajika phezulu, malunga 81 iimitha eziphakamileyo, kangangeemitha ezintathu ngaphezulu intlomo Ivan Enkulu Bell. Oku kwabangela ukunganeliseki abemi abemi balo mzi. Kodwa ke abantu abaqhelekileyo sachithwa Tower beza babubone ummangaliso entsha. uphawu Special novootstroennoy Church Arhangela Gavriila (Menshikov Tower) yaba nenqaba intsimbi okuthwesa tridtsatimetrovy spire, leyo wanyukela ezulwini ingelosi segolide.

Zonke umhombiso lengcwele ekhethekileyo, ingakumbi abo minyaka: izivatho eziliqela lawusibekela iindonga ibandla, zinokubonakala kwaye ukumangaliswa yiloo nokucacisa oqingqiweyo amaqoqo, zitsha, iziqhamo. umhombiso lwangaphandle kunye lwangaphakathi kwenziwe umoya iRoma kaPetros, nothi amandla ngokupheleleyo kuya kuvela kwikomkhulu entsha St. Petersburg, kodwa kancinane emva koko.

eMoscow Athini

Menshikov Tower eMoscow sakhiwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kunye nokhathalelo okukhulu. Umakhi ephambili nomphathi weprojekthi ukwakha Ivan Zarudny. Phantsi ngokuzithoba yakhe edumileyo nabayili Italian, abakroli, nakubaxholi bamatye - iingcibi namagcisa ze Kostroma kunye Yaroslavl iintsebenziswano.

Ngenxa yemigudu bezakhiwo kunye bayathanda kuphole soBekekileyo Prince lakhe ibandla ngaphandle emoyeni nto leyo sisingise ezulwini, kwabonakala ukuba lundanda phezu komhlaba, yaba emangalisayo Menshikov Tower. Zarudny umyili yenzelwe wakha itempile ngaphezulu ebhabha aye phezulu intsimbi ende kumanqanaba ezintandathu, igcwalisiwe yi tridtsatimetrovoy spire.

Ezimbini senani elingaphezulu wakha ngaphandle ngomthi zeefestile, ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala hung amahlanu-avakalisa, behlokomisa ecacileyo neentsimbi. Efuna ukwenza yegadi, Menshikov odolwe wotshi phesheya enkulu. Abafake ngezantsi ezintsimbi. Kodwa ke umthetheli wayengekho ukugqiba umsebenzi kude kube sekupheleni. Ngowe-1710, ngokomyalelo ka-Peter I, ikomkhulu yadluliselwa eSt Petersburg, kwaye ozithandayo kwafuneka ukuba bashiye ngokungxamisekileyo eMoscow. Church Arhangela Gavriila (Menshikov Tower) kwaye kange zalungisa de kube sekupheleni.

Zomlilo kunye nokuchitha

Ngowe-1723 kwabakho umlilo ebandleni, ekunene kwi spire yahlaselwa imibane. Flames imfazwe ngokukhawuleza isasazeka ukusuka imigangatho ephezulu ngamaplanga. oki ezitshisiwe eNtabeni inciphisiwe kwaye yeyela sakhiwo zonke iintsimbi. Ngeli xesha kwi bebandla abantu ababalekela ezixabisekileyo izinto zecawa icons, abaninzi owenzakeleyo kwaye abaye bafa yamanxeba akhe. Icon ye nguMama kaThixo Polotsk wahlala unjalo, kuba apho amakholwa kunye wabulela ngolwalathiso kaThixo.

Enyanisweni ukwazi ukuba ibandla elitsha (Menshikov Tower) ngelo xesha kwaye khange omiselweyo njengoko umsebenzi oqhubekayo, kodwa ke umthetheli kwafuneka izinto ngcono ukuyenza. Iminyaka emininzi ibandla wezakhiwo esihle Zarudny wabhala iincwadi kumthetheli imeko ibandla, leyo wabonisa ukuba imiqadi ezibolileyo, indlela iwotshi ayisebenzi yaye neyokonakaliswa egumbini.

Emva kokufa Peter I kuphole soBekekileyo Prince Menshikov wawela lihlazo. Ngexesha yokugula kwakhe wafuna ukuba kuziswe Petersburg icon ngokungummangaliso welifa ngethemba ndiyanibongoza alulame. Kodwa kamva, yena wathunyelwa ekuthinjweni, ndaphulukana umkhondo ii icon, kwaye Menshikov Tower eMoscow weza linxuwa epheleleyo.

iimpawu Masonic

kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kamva Gavrila Izmaylov, anempembelelo eMoscow lakomkhulu kunye Mason (njengoko amarhe), ligqibe ukubuyisela ibandla. Wenza iminikelo ezinkulu, kodwa imbonakalo epheleleyo icawa zibuyiselwe. Ezimbini ezinemigangatho ephezulu ngomthi kunye spire nengelosi wahlala kuphela kwinkumbulo kunye neeprojekthi. Ukubuyiselwa ilitye ezine kuphela imigangatho, nasenqabeni ngoku Menshikov batshata liqhina eliphezulu ihonjiswe.

Ngokutsho amarhe Spine eMoscow, itempile yabamba iintlanganiso ofihlakeleyo Freemasons nenkonzo. Isiqinisekiso ngqo le uzovela iindonga ibandla, ngokwemiyalelo a umxhasi onesisa Izmailov, iimpawu kunye nemiqondiso akwi uMyalelo Masonic. Ngoku, abaninzi ndilibele ukuba ukuba ibandla, Menshikov Tower - igama abemi balo. Xa nabakhi watyholwa lokungcatsha entolongweni ezininzi, waphela lo ntlanganiso, kodwa abalinganiswa, kunye iilebhile ixesha elide ehonjiswe iindonga wesakhiwo.

Etempileni ngexesha Ejongene nezokuxhumana

Komdlali off iisimboli kwimfundiso engafanelekanga yeendonga ibandla wayalela Metropolitan Filaret ngo-1852. Le tempile yakhiwa ngenxa imali eposini enikezela. Icawa saba phantsi ngabalondolozi Moscow-imeyile ngo-1821, kwaye ngexesha elinye yaziwa ngokuba Church of Arhangela Gavriila kwi-ofisi yeposi. Ukususela 1792 kwindawo yokuhlala yangaphambili Menshikov zixhobisa eposini, kwaye ngoku sisakhiwo ofisi yeposi eMoscow kubekwe udlubu kwi kwisiza owayesakuba Palace Aleksandra Menshikova.

imbali touch

Church Arhangela Gavriila on Clean namachibi - ilitye lesikhumbuzo elikhethekileyo lwezakhiwo, omnye weyona mizekelo yokuqala sobuciko Russian. Xa ukufunda ezinomtsalane metropolitan, khangela ibandla endala, eyaziwa ngokuba Menshikov Tower ngcono eMoscow. Idilesi ye lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo kunye kwendlela ibandla ekhoyo iNgelosi, Building 15a.