Imigangatho komoya ezivunyelwe Ubuninzi bazo

Ukulawula lonke okusingqongileyo kukho mnye kuphela umendo - ukuqaliswa Mpe (ubuninzi komoya ezivunyelwe) ukuya imithombo yongcoliseko kunye ulawulo olungqongqo ukuphunyezwa kwale migangatho. Ngokutsho iimeko Mpe iseti zobugcisa nakwisayensi umxholo kwi kumphezulu umaleko izingcolisi zomoya ukusuka ezininzi kwimithombo kufuneka ibe phantsi apho imigangatho ephakamileyo luphawu iyafuneka ukuze labantu, kwakunye nezityalo nezilwanyana kule ndawo.

Ifakela Mpe nokulawula

Ngokukhethekileyo, ngokuba umthombo nganye, uyakwazi zingcolise emoyeni, ukucwangcisa izibuko esiphezulu avumelekile. Iimeko ezifana ukukhulula ezingcolisa ngenxa elinazibini eziziintsali kunye nentsebenziswano kunye namanye amacandelo adale boxinzelelo echaphazela umgangatho womoya kunye nelidlula eqhelekileyo lusekiwe. Oku kukwasebenza iinkampani ngamnye kunye iseti yonke imithombo ngemithombo ezingcolisa umoya zokuhlala. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuqwalasela zonke neembono zophuhliso kwamashishini.

sikhokelo Regulatory iRussia branched ukunika ulawulo karhulumente phezu konke ukungcola, ahlole iinkqubo umgangatho womoya kunye nokulawula ngokumisela ukusulungekiswa kwayo imigangatho Mpe. Zeziphi bokukhutshwa eliphezulu ngokuvunywe? Oku into esiyithethayo kweli nqaku.

imiqulu

Kwilizwe lethu namhlanje isebenza uxwebhu olumisiweyo - "Owona xi mbane (MPC) ezingcolisayo kwiindawo ezinabantu", edwelisa izinto 628 eziyingozi, ubukhulu, kwaye avareji ngemihla ngexesha elinye-iMPC, ngamnye izinto udidi ingozi, Isalathisi umda ingozi. Kukho kwakhona icandelo ukwenzela ukunqanda ukukhululwa kwezinto "B" ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo ngokungaqhelekanga eziphilayo. izinto esalelweyo enjalo mathathu anesibhozo.

Kwiqondo lobushushu ephakamileyo ukukhutshwa eliphezulu ngokuvunywe kwezinto eziyingozi kwi-atmosfera kumthombo omnye, enikwe kwi kumphezulu yoxinaniso lomoya, kodwa ayidluli Mac kubalwa ifomula ezizodwa. Ulawula umgangatho kokusingqongileyo naphantsi kolawulo Mpe, nto leyo ke ubugcisa inkqubo esivakalayo ukuba ngokwenzululwazi. wokunciphisa avumelekile obukhulu (Mpe) kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni evela kwimithombo kwezoshishino sagqitywa isekelwe sentlalo kunye nesifundo ezahlukeneyo iparameters zabo neempawu izinto eziyingozi ukuba azikhutshwa ziye emoyeni kunye neemeko umoya lo mzuzu.

Ukubalwa kuvumelekile Zeziqalelo

Ukwenza kweliso zothintelo yococeko kwangexesha mabangenise amabango esebenzayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yolonwabo ukuze ikwazi ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo lokukhutshwa eliphezulu ngokuvunywe (Mpe) ezinxulumene izityalo mveliso usebenzisa idatha ethile yokubala xi angaphandle izinto emoyeni.

Cwangcisa ixabiso standard, ukubonelela ukhuseleko bume umoya ukusukela izinto eziyingozi nokusingqongileyo betekisi emoyeni - amadlozi eliphezulu ngokuvunywe: umthamo ezingcolisa nganye kwexesha unit (zonke single umthombo kwamagciwane). Kwakuwo yexabiso khokelo agqithisile MPC kwindawo ojikeleze umthombo ukungcola, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba iziphumo kakhulu ezibi kwindawo ezingqongileyo, nangenxa impilo yabantu, abahlala apho.

umthetho

Umthamo we "Ukukhuselwa emoyeni" kwixwebhu lomsebenzi owenziwa yintloko yesebe umbutho, kukho kwakhona wenza zeengcebiso zokuba kufuneka ibe yintoni ubuninzi komoya ezivunyelwe kwezinto ezingcolisa indalo emoyeni (Mpe) kunye NE - ezikhutshwayo ekuvunyelwene okwethutyana - kuba kwishishini. In "inkqubo ukuzinza Ixesha" ubonisa isakhiwo sale ncwadi.

Onke amazwe ngokwemveliso uwisomthetho yokusingqongileyo, ukusukela injongo umda Ungcoliseko emoyeni kunye nokusingqongileyo. ERashiya, uMthetho "On woKhuseleko Air", nto leyo ebonisa izikhombisi regulatory Mpe, MPC Ene (ekuvunyelwene okwethutyana) kwezinto eziyingozi. Uphuhliso lwezicwangciso amanyathelo, ukukhusela umoya sokuhlambela, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo imilinganiselo.

Emva koko, lo gqbl rekdiwe kwiingxelo-manani (iFom №2-du - moya), ezisetyenziswa ngokulinganayo ekubaleni, ebonisa ukuba ukukhutshwa ubuninzi avumelekile kwezinto eziyingozi. Luyinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umsebenzi imveliso kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ukungabi naxanasi kwezohlwayo karhulumente - iintlawulo ezikhutshwayo. Ukongeza, iindleko eziyimfuneko utyalo-mali eyaneleyo yaye kusengqiqweni ukuba athobele iimfuno zokusingqongileyo kwixesha elizayo, unikwe iinjongo zentlalo zemali zemveliso.

amanyathelo akhoyo ukukhusela ubunyulu lomoya

Kuba eyiyo yokusebenza nganye projekthi yaphuhliswa ezikhutshwayo ezona avumelekile ezingcolisayo. Oku kufuna amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma ioli, ekuqhubeni iziqinisekiso ecological kwamashishini, kwakunye nophando indawo esimbaxa geo-ecological kwimveliso ye-oyile kunye nazo zonke iinkalo yempembelelo amashishini kwemveliso oyile.

Xa eyila ezintsha ngokutsha ekhoyo amashishini, ngamnye kubo, idrafti ezikhutshwayo eliphezulu ngokuvunywe kwezinto eziyingozi. concept MPC kule migangatho sibonakaliswa njengoko avareji boxinzelelo yokwakha (SDK), nto leyo kugwebela umthamo ukukhutshwa avumelekile liphezulu izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo radioactive, umz, kokusingqongileyo.

MPC kwimihlaba

ezikhutshwayo Ubuninzi avumelekile ukungcola kumhlaba kunzima kakhulu ukuba kumiswe. umhlaba phakathi mobile ngaphantsi komhlaba amanzi kunye nomoya, ngokunjalo nokwanda Imichiza angena umhlaba, kukho ixesha elide.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i inkalo ephambili ekumiseleni Mpe for kwishishini okanye iqela lwamashishini, iphathelene ixesha operation efunekayo ukuqokelelela ezikhutshwayo ukuya kwinqanaba Mac. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaba inkqubo rhoqo esebenzayo ekuzakuqalwa, kubekho iinkqubo zomzimba yemichiza nokutshintsha kwamagciwane engena emhlabeni, kwaye ubunzulu kunye nolwalathiso akukho ngokukodwa uzimisele.

indlela eyahlukileyo

Ngokumalunga idrafti ubuninzi komoya ezivunyelwe (Mpe), ukukhutshwa ezingcolisa eziququzelelwe kuphela ungalawuleka nayo, kwaye wenza ukuba ilingane ndawo. Mhlobo ukwahlulwa ibe eziququzelelweyo abadibenanga kufuna indlela eyahlukileyo mali kunye nolawulo.

Umzekelo, inkqubo entsha iklip zokufudumeza igesi kwakunye nokutshintshwa kweenkqubo ezikhoyo osebenza ngamanzi ashushu okanye umphunga, nayo ekhuselekileyo bume. Ukutshiswa igesi yendalo ibonelela kwenitrojeni carbon monoxide. Nokuba kwi sukube amafutha ukutshisa zikhona kulo lonke ezikhutshwayo eliphezulu ngokuvunywe.

Kwaye, umzekelo, ngokufuthi kwiiplanti zeekhemikali fail ukugcina yoxinaniso ezikhutshwayo engcolisa. Emva koko kuqaliswa ngezigaba zokunciphisa ungcoliseko, nganye ifakiwe elungelelanisiweyo okwethutyana (UTC). Ezi ezikhutshwayo kufuneka athobele zalathisi umgangatho omiselwe kumashishini amandla efanayo.

iziphumo Ukuhlolwa kuvela ingxelo nganye zekota kunye nezonyaka. Ngubani ukubeka bokukhutshwa eliphezulu ngokuvunywe? Kukho ngumbutho enjalo - Goskomgidromet, nto leyo yonke imigangatho yemizobo yeziqulatho izinto eziyingozi komoya mveliso.

On unogada yempilo karhulumente

iimeko yococeko Eqhelekileyo kwizibonelelo kwimveliso kunye wonke ummandla kwishishini, ngokunjalo kwi zokuhlala kuvumela okuqulethwe izinto eziyingozi, ongadluli iinkcukacha ze ezikhutshwayo eliphezulu ngokuvunywe. Kuba ukuthotyelwa olungenamiqathango ne-MPC kwaye iprojekthi ukukhutshwa eliphezulu ngokuvunywe kwinkampani nganye kunye nempahla nganye.

Kukho umthetho Russian Federation: "Environmental Protection", "Epidemiological kunye nempilo-ntle yabantu," yaye "ukhuseleko Air", ekuthi ngawo kwekhabhoni khupha of iikhompawundi eziyingozi, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma lwenziwa kuphela ngokusekelwe isigunyaziso, elikhutshwa ngamaqumrhu ezikhethekileyo eligunyazisiweyo karhulumente. Sigqibo kuthathela ingqalelo zonke Mpe kunye MPD (kwekhabhoni lemisebenzi), kwakunye nezinye iimeko ezininzi sengqondo ngenyameko okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu.

Imigaqo nokubhalwa

Nayiphi na inkampani, nokuba umthombo kuphela ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi kufuneka Imizobo Mpe. Olu xwebhu Ukuba mveliso anabo enye ubuncinane iiglasi ube ukutshaya inyanzelekile ukuba ukusebenza kwalo matshini. Umthetho kokusingqongileyo i-Russian Federation lilawula imfuneko umsebenzi onjalo.

wokunciphisa Owona mbane kuhlaziywa qho kwiminyaka emi 5, kwaye le projekthi isebenza ngokungqongqo kweli xesha. iimeko ezizodwa bizela i uhlaziyo ngaphambili lwe Mpe. Umzekelo:

• imeko eziphilayo kuloo mmandla itshintshile;
• inani ngemithombo ezikhutshwayo itshintshile: kukho ezintsha okanye ekhoyo isuswe;
• Ukutshintsha inkqubo yemveliso lweshishini baze balisebenzise kubuxhakaxhaka itshintshile.

Ukuba kungagcinwa nemigangatho emiselwe, inkampani kuya kufuneka ahlawule nantoni engaphezu ukukhutshwa ubuninzi avumelekile. Uphuhliso nemida idrafti ukukhutshwa, lo msebenzi ezintsonkothileyo umngeni, senza ngamagcisa.

Development of Mpe

iinkalo ezibalulekileyo ezi zilandelayo:

• Zonke ziyafumaneka njengenxenye yento boniswa-inventri imithombo komoya. Liqulunqe uluhlu yonke imithombo zingcolisayo othe waphuma.
• iindleko ekuvunyelwene kunye nexesha elithathwayo. Isivumelwano uyilo kunye nolungelelaniso ka Mpe.
• Mpe iprojekthi engqinelwe kwiinkundla karhulumente.
• Ngoku Ukulungiselela evumela ukuba ezikhutshwayo ubuninzi avumelekile.

Isiganeko sinzima nje kuphela, kodwa uxanduva kakhulu. Kwimeko non-komsebenzi okanye ukusebenza engafanelekanga kuphuhliso nomthamo Mpe, inkampani kuxhomekeke ubutyala engqongqo yolawulo: ibizwa ehlaselwa ngenhlawulo enzima kunye nokumiswa ngemihla ukuya ku ezingamashumi alithoba.

Uluhlu lwemithombo komoya (kwindawo yokuqala esisiseko) inezi njongo zilandelayo:

• bangabonwa kwaye zithembekile iirekhodi yonke imithombo yongcoliseko kwindawo indawo lweshishini;
• Ukufumana imithombo, umthamo kunye nokwakhiwa ezikhutshwayo;
• Ingeniso accounting izinto eziyingozi (ezingcolisa) kokusingqongileyo.

Umxholo we Mpe yeprojekthi

Iingcebiso malunga kuqulunqo loyilo Mpe kumashishini ukuqonda isakhiwo yokwakha projekthi. Oku kufuneka zibandakanywe macandelo mandatory alandelayo.

1. Abstract.
2. Intshayelelo.
3. Ulwazi malunga neshishini.
4. Iimpawu lweshishini ngokwemiqathango umthombo komoya.
5. Imveliso yokubala kunye nokuzimisela Mpe engundoqo.
6. Uluhlu amanyathelo okulawula ezikhutshwayo, ukuba imozulu ntle.
7. Ukusekwa kwe lokulawula ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho kweli shishini.

Amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze uphuhliso project VAP:

• Wakhonza ulwazi ngokufutshane kwimveliso, isakhiwo kunye nabasebenzi kwishishini, uchaza imisebenzi kunye neempawu zonke izinto (zombini imveliso kunye nezorhwebo iyantlukwano, amasebe, amacandelo, amaqela, amasebe, ii-ofisi, amaziko, izakhiwo, njalo njalo).
• Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingakumbi yenkampani. Iinkampani khadi zeesekethe, ngokunjalo nelungiselelo ikhadi yesekethe isimo.
• Isiqinisekiso sobhaliso likarhulumente yequmrhu elisemthethweni.
• Ubungqina bobunini ilizwe, indawo, izakhiwo, izakhiwo, okanye zokuqasha zonke.
• Isiqinisekiso Inkcitho zempahla ekrwada ngonyaka ngamnye.
• Uluhlu lwezixhobo nkqubo.
• inkcazelo eneenkcukacha yonke inkqubo.
• Ulwazi malunga ubukho PSU (izihluzi uthuli), ikopi yencwadana yokundwendwela kwi CCP, ukusebenza kwayo, njalo-njalo.
• Scheme HVAC inkqubo idatha echanekileyo malunga ubude kunye ngobubanzi yemibhobho, fans isitampu kunye nemveliso yazo, inani leeyure zomsebenzi ngamnye ngosuku njalo njalo.
• FAQ malunga izithuthi kwi balance sheet benkampani, oluchaza inani, kwibakala, kwakunye neendawo zazo yokupaka okanye ukugcinwa zindawo nokugcinwa kwabo kunye nokulungiswa.
• zezatifikethi zemfundo yemfundo ngokusingqongileyo zinoxanduva okusingqongileyo lweshishini.
• projekthi ezikhutshwayo Ngaphambi (ukuba inkampani nayo elalisandul 'ukusekwa).

Ukubalwa Mpe

Ukubala Mpe iye neefomula ezifanelekileyo eqhelekileyo. Ukuze siqonde indlela Mpe ifakiwe, kufuneka wazi izinto eziphambili okuluphawu eziziintsali ezikhutshwayo:

• Imozulu kunye neempawu emoyeni;
• indawo imithombo ekungcoliseni wokunciphisa;
• landscape kunye neempawu zayo;
• Physico-chemical iimpawu ezikhutshwayo;
• netoti imilomo kwemibhobho;
• imilomo kumgama imibhobho ukusuka emhlabeni.

mithetho yokulawula

ukuthobela Monitoring kunye data ngoku bonke Mpe - enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zale projekthi. Eli candelo lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe iinxalenye ezimbini: ukulawula imithombo ungcoliseko ngqo kwi Mpe kunye nolawulo komda kunye kwindawo yokuhlala ekufutshane.

I-Mpe projekthi ziingcali kakhulu kunye namava kumashishini kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo iya kuthathela ingqalelo yonke imimiselo emiselwe benze onke amacandelo ale projekthi ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngoko ke, ulawulo olwenziwa iziphumo ezibi imisebenzi - yoqoqosho okanye ngenye indlela - abantu kunye amaqumrhu asemthethweni kwi intsimi esecaleni kwishishini, ngokunjalo izinto umoya namanzi, kubandakanywa komhlaba. Kwaye ke projekthi kuthathela ingqalelo oku ubuninzi imigangatho komoya ezivunyelwe Kakade ke, azifani.

Ukubeka iliso ize iphuhliswe ukwenzela kufezekiso idrafti ubuninzi ezikhutshwayo kuvumelekile na kwenziwa kwishishini novumelana ulawulo kwemveliso, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ekhuselekileyo bayigcinise kwiSebe Rosprirodnadzor, leyo uphumeza ulawulo lukarhulumente kulo.

ulungelelwaniso yeprojekthi

Ukulungelelanisa iprojekthi ukuba mayenziwe Rospotrebnadzor kunye nezinye iimeko ezininzi. Amanyathelo ngale ndlela zezi zilandelayo:

• uluvo ingcali inyanzelekile kwi Mpe projekthi kwi amaziko karhulumente ezahlukeneyo;
• Ukufumana isiphelo yococeko epidemiological Rospotrebnadzor;
• zoviwo kunye nokuvunywa nemida idrafti ukukhutshwa Rosprirodnadzor.

Ngaloo ndlela ke imigangatho ye ezikhutshwayo ezona avumelekile izinto eziyingozi kumhlaba, amanzi kunye nomoya. Zonke inkampani - umthombo emileyo wongcoliseko enjalo. Mpe projekthi iza kusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kuphela ukuba bathathe ingqalelo yonke imigangatho yobugcisa, kwakunye ungcoliseko yangasemva, abayi kugqithiswa imigangatho yokusingqongileyo kwaye zisempilweni, aziyi kwamkelwa imithwalo abalulekileyo kwinkqubo yonke eziphilayo le ndawo.