Supersonic bomber InterContinental T 4MS ( "imveliso 200"): eziphambili iimpawu

Iiprojekthi wasilela kube ngokoqobo, kodwa zifakiwe kweli bali ... Bangaphi kubo, kufanele kulityalwa hayi kakhulu kunene. Omnye projekthi - a yeqhinga enjalo supersonic bomber-enomjukujelwa uyilo nophuhliso bureau ekhokelwa yi Sukhoi.

IMVELAPHI OF THE

Njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka, imfuneko amandla womoya qhinga, nto leyo esele saphakama kwixesha elidlulileyo, emkhosini owavuswayo ngo-1967, xa isigqibo ukuseka ixesha elide-moya swi qhinga (Advanced swi Strategic Aircraft) yenziwa eUnited States. Neprojekthi AMSA waqalisa ukudalwa edumileyo B-1, ephakamileyo ephakame bomber zeqhinga lokuhlasela enzulu.
Kwaye ngoJanuwari 1969 ngokomyalelo kumphathiswa kushishino lweenqwelo i baqalisa ukhuphiswano phakathi uyilo Ezigcina VM Myasishcheva, A. N. Tupoleva kunye Sukhoi. Ngokuhambelana nale umyalelo, amashishini kufuneka aqhube uphando-moya-mbini imowudi qhinga, ukudala inkqubo isimiso, izixhobo enomjukujelwa kunye neenkqubo ekwinqwelo. Kuphela ukudalwa ezintsonkothileyo radio-elektroniki nolwathi yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa kushishino elektroniki. ukuze wangena emthonjeni nyaka.

data kokuqala

umthetho karhulumente kokwindla 1967 ezichongiweyo iimpawu moya kwixesha elizayo.

Imele ukuba kwindawo yokuqala iimpawu moya ezizodwa.

Lisendaweni 1.8 km olwalubekwe isantya 3,2-3,5 amawaka. Km / h. Kube nokuqodwa ukuba ngexesha elithile kunye ngesantya subsonic kufuphi moya emhlabeni kufuneka bahlasele ubuncinane 11-13 ophosa, kodwa flight ophezulu ephakame kwi subsonic uluhlu yokubhabhah kufuneka ibe 16-18 amawaka km.

Ezazinikwe umsebenzi kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixhobo. Wawuza wakhiwe kumphati kunye svobodnopadayuschih kwaye yalungiswa Ziyaqhubeka uhlobo kunye ekuyiwa kuyo, imijukujelwa emoyeni, hypersonic ezine X-45 "Umbane", yaye ukuya ku-24 aerobalisticheskih X-2000. Ndabuza yaye ingqimba lilonke kwezixhobo - iitoni 45.

Qala yophuhliso

OKB Sukhoi P. O. ukususela 1961, kwakhona qho ukhuphiswano, benza kuphuhliso supersonic bomber-enomjukujelwa T-4, kuba ubunzima 100t wafumana igama yesibini "ukuThunga". Kwafuneka ukufikelela ngesantya 3,000 km / h, onokuwoyisa ngayo umqobo thermal, ngoko ke ziye ngcono kakhulu emoyeni. Kuba ngokukodwa ngexabiso yenzelwe 'umoya-mhlaba ", basafunda kunye nezixhobo navigation. Kuvunyiwe wayeneminyaka emashumi mathathu kuphela idrafti yesithathu moya entsha.

Xa noseko lwalo, yaye liphuhlise entsha-mbini imo qhinga jet T-4MS kunye nokulondolozwa yokuqhubekeka ubuninzi kunye imodeli yokuqala. Uyilo omtsha kwafuneka ukuba bahlale: isityalo amandla, yifumanisisi kakuhle izinto ezintsha, ebe uyilo yoqobo kunye nezisombululo zeteknoloji uphuhliswa zize zigqithiselwe uvavanyo umtshini-ebhodini kunye nezixhobo, yaye oko kuya kubaluleka inkqubo yemveliso mass, iinkqubo inkunkuma. Nkqu umatshini cipher ezifunyenwe yi umzekeliso i "ngokufaka". ubunzima bayo uhambo for izibalo abathungi wasondela angamakhulu amabini eetoni, ngoko ke yabizwa ngokuba T-4MS moya - "inqaku 200".

Solutions ezintsha

Awu, asikwazanga ukuphumeza umbono omhle. Ukuba ukugcina inkqubo ubeko, ubukhulu kunye nobunzima iimveliso ezintsha linyuke kakhulu, kodwa ke umthamo lilonke iingalo okuthunyelwe ayaphela.

Ngoko ke, i Sukhoi Design Bureau PO iingcali musa kugxininisa kuphuhliso udweliso olutsha yezitshixo, nto leyo eza kwenza ibhate umthamo liphezulu ukwenzeka komhlaba oluncinane uhlanjiweyo yi nokubonelela ngendawo izixhobo eziyimfuneko kweli gumbi imithwalo. Kulo mzekelo, uyilo kufuneka jeans kwi-moya andizele kufutshane emhlabeni ngesantya esiphezulu.

Ngaphezu koko, kwagqitywa ngaphandle ukusuka basafunda amandla moya wesekethe. Kulo mzekelo, kwabakho ithuba ukwenza iinguqulelo ezintsha ezinye iinjini. Ilungiselelo elitsha ukulondoloza amathuba ngcono okuqhubekayo iimpawu ngomoya nokubalulwa zobugcisa iimveliso ezintsha.

Ukusebenza, lo ingcibi ndadala yoqwalaselo ashukimisayo, isiphaluka kuhlanganiswa awayenzayo uhlobo "eziphaphazelayo iphiko" ukujikajika encinane indawo console (encinci kakhulu, kunjalo) zibhabha uyakwazi ukutshintsha nditshayele.

bomber ubeko

Ngokwesiseko ubeko entsha ye-moya T-4MS, wavuma ekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1970, oko waba njengesiseko sokuphuhlisa loyilo lokuqala.

Iimfaniso eli lungiselelo nophondo imigudu umoya kwaye lubonise iziphumo ezizodwa kunye ngezantya moya subsonic, kwaye ngesantya supersonic.

Ngenxa kwindawo encinane iingalo kwiihenjisi kunye nenkampani engqongqo umzimba iziko wanyamalala deformation eneplastikhi lwe iphiko xa ebhabhela emhlabeni.

Kulo mzekelo iingalo pivot engacimekiyo iye kuhluka kuluhlu ukusuka ° 30 ukuya ° 72.

Thamsanqa waba wethu, kodwa kunyaka olandelayo wabunikela nokugqibezela uyilo lokuqala.

ubukhulu ezahlukeneyo nokumila ovimba, ukuphucula nangakumbi ukusebenza ashukimisayo. Ukusetyenziswa profiles supercritical kufuneka kwandiswe isantya cruise subsonic. Uphando lwaqhutywa njengoko bevels iphiko kungachaphazela ukusebenza zesityalo amandla kunye somfanekiso nkqo. Umsebenzi waqhubeka kukhetho isimo iphiko, ukuphucula uzinzo kunye controllability emotweni.

Ikhetha wesiphaluka amandla zokusebenza kunye airframe kangangoko ukuphucula amafutha impembelelo ubunzima.

Sebenza kwi bugs

Yonke inkqubela luvavanywa imigudu umoya TsAGI. Ngenxa yoko, iingcali sele uqinisekile ukuba moya kakubi nobunzima, kukho xenga esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-5%. Kwagqitywa ukuba zigqibezele Ubeko olongezelelweyo.

Ngenxa yoko, kweli embodiments, i T-4MS wabonakala umsila oxwesileyo kunye impumlo elide. In version mnye, impumlo, nabo bonke aba imilo ngenaliti-like. Sekunjalo, oko yamkelwa ukuze kuphuhliswe ngakumbi amalungiselelo apho impumlo yandiswa noko, ngaphandle kwakhe ababethwele fuselage baba nacelles kuphela buqapheleke, umsila nkqo kunye keels ezimbini, panel iphiko rotary. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa ingxaki yokunciphisa ukubonakala radar yotshaba.

Inkcazelo bomber T-4MS

Lo moya ezingaqhutywa liqembu abantu abathathu, nto leyo yayinikwe slabovystupayuschem lantern. Ngelo xesha linye umphathi wenqanawa, umqhubi Umlawuli-umqhubi kwafuneka ukubhabha iisuti isithuba, nangona ukuba ndlwana kwezi lamagumbi mabini kokuvalelwa. Eli gumbi phambi yenzelwe abaqhubi bayo, kwaye ngasemva - ukuya Umatiloshe. Ekubeni isibane phantse kuphuma, ukuphucula ukubonakala ngexesha isuka kunye kokwehla inikezela umbhinqo okhethekileyo.

izihlalo Ejection ukunika ekhuselekileyo ngobungxamo likaxakeka lo moya kuzo zonke yokuphakama kunye ngezantya, kuquka indiza isuka.

izixhobo Electronic ababekhwele yayiquka navigation, iinkqubo moya, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye nabammeli, ikhompyutha, inkqubo abalibona yokuzikhusela, iinkqubo namantshontsho kunye nesikhokelo ngezikhali.

Ubukhulu ngokuphelelyo indiza, leyo ichazwe bomber supersonic enjalo, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- ubude - 41,2 m;

- ukuphakama - 8 m;

- iziko-sakhe - 14.4 m;

- chopho kwi engacimekiyo engile 30 ° - 40,8 m;

- indawo iphiko kwi-engile kome 30 ° - 97,5kv.m.

Waxhuzula-off ubunzima yi iitoni 170.

bomber Powerplant

Kwicandelo umsila, xa nacelles ezimbini bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye, ezicwangciswe ngababini ezine DTRD NK-101. Thatha-off injongo ngamnye kubo 20,000 kg. Bekucingelwa ukuba iinjini ziya oludibanisa iingenelo injini turbofan zibhabha cruise ngesantya subsonic nasebudeni yokunyusa jet xa ibhabha ngesantya supersonic.

Gondola ngomhla motor ngalinye ezahlulwe sisithuba isahlulelo moya isibalo umoya adjustable ekhuselweyo icing kunye ukungena izinto kwamanye amazwe.

iinjini Ngaphezu koko, eziquka iinkqubo powerplant zaye kokufaka moya kumhlaba kwaye emoyeni, amandla injini, kwaba ligazi ukumpompoza ngengozi pressurization amafutha, ukupholisa ucimayo.

iitanki amafutha Main akhiwe lamagumbi yesikhungo.

data moya Uqikelelo

Lo moya yenzelwe ukubhabha kwi imigama emide kakhulu. Ngokutsho izibalo, akaba ngaphandle ku-flight yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi endiza eqhelekileyo ukulwa umthwalo 9 t ngesantya ingami-900 km / h (subsonic) 14 000 km kwaye 3000 km / h (supersonic) - 9000 km.

Xa kubude bomber andizele ngesantya ka-3.2 amawaka km / h kwinqanaba elwandle - 1.1 amawaka km / h ..

Kulo mzekelo, indawo ephezulu apho loo moya ndinokulunyuka Ukubala kwaba 24,000 m.

Esinobunzima enkulu kangaka ubude zokugcina 100 m, kwaye ubude indlela emva touchdown - 950 m.

Le kwezikhali on ebhodini

umthwalo sazo kubalwa yaba 9 m kwaye ilungelelanise iziqhushumbisi svobodnopadayuschih.

Ezithembisa inkwili T-4MS kwafuneka athwale ezimbini ukuya kwezine ulwelo imijukujelwa elide-uluhlu X-45 "Umbane", leyo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa iprojekthi T-4, kunye nenkqubo ulwalathiso ARLGSN kunye warhead eliphezulu-umonakalo lonyuselo. osemqoka yazo yaba radome. ubude enomjukujelwa kwe-10 m, ukuqala ubunzima - 5 m, lo 0.5T payload. uluhlu ekujongwe 1.5 amawaka km, isantya ngohambo ukuya ku-9000 km / h.

Kwakhona lo moya ka izikhali 24 Kh-2000 inkqubo nkongomiso INS, kunye nothotho 300 km, isantya ngohambo malunga 2 M, ubunzima eqala weetoni 1.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo, imijukujelwa, iziqhushumbisi, emigodini torpedoes, ezilahlwayo cassette iibhombu, ndafakwa i lamagumbi mabini engaphakathi exhotyiswe umoya kunye nokhuseleko thermal, uthutho kunye neenkqubo kulahlwa.

Iziphumo lokhuphiswano

Olu khuphiswano zenziwa, ngaphandle inzala Sukhoi supersonic bomber Tu-160M uphuhliso OKB A. N. Tupoleva kunye M-20 ukusuka VM Myasishcheva.
Iiprojekthi zaye zathiwa thaca kwimaphu kwingcebiso lwenzululwazi nobugcisa, ekwindla ka-1972.
Tu-160 emkhosini kuqala ndivunyelwe ngenxa ukufana kakhulu kunye indiza. M-20 Ndowuseza uhluthe emkhosini, kodwa Bureau ntsha ayengenazo iindawo zemveliso wemveliso ngobuninzi ngoomatshini.

T-4MS itsale ingqalelo jikelele kwaye ingqalelo ilungileyo, kodwa ... Ngelo xesha linye umlweli omtsha yadalwa OKB ikhokelwa ngu Sukhoi, leyo wakhululwa phantsi inani SU-27, imisebenzi phezu nokudalwa Su-24 Jets masosha yokusebenza kokulungiswa ne Su-17M. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Industry Aviation bavakalelwa ukuba umsebenzi kule mboni "ukukhanya" kubaluleke ngakumbi, yaye kumacala amabini ezahlukeneyo KB akakwazi ukusebenza.

Kwaye ke kaloku ukuba kukhuphiswano iphumelele iprojekthi Sukhoi PO, kunye nomsebenzi olunye lwaqhutywa Tupolev Design Bureau. Kwaye ke ingqwayi-Air Force P. S. Kutahov ezifundiswayo zonke izinto kudlule Tupolev, kodwa wala yaye baqhubeka ukuphucula uphuhliso yayo.

Ngoko ke, le nkonzo kwi-Air Force ndiza malunga payload efanayo noluhlu ngesantya subsonic, kodwa moya ngobuninzi abangaphezu kwama-35%, kwaye ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha uluhlu flight sverhzuke kunokuba bekuya kuba ukuba le projekthi iza kwamkelwa P. Malunga . Dry.

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuphela ukhuphiswano umsebenzi ephelisiweyo T 4MS. Lo moya akazange abone isibhakabhaka, kodwa iingcamango bazalwa ngexesha kuphuhliso yayo, oko eziqulathwe efanayo Tu-160 kunye Su-27 kwaye ube MIG-29.Mozhet, nkqu siziguqulela moya kule nkulungwane.