Yintoni eyenza polyethylene? Ukuveliswa polyethylene. Articles polyethylene

Nakule lenzululwazi, ezinye ezifunyaniswe yenzeke ngengozi, yaye izinto ezithandwayo namhlanje isoloko eceleni nawuphi na amava. Ngandlela ngengozi kwafunyaniswa idayi aniline ngenxa amalaphu, esalinikwayo idabi kamva kwezoqoqosho kunye nobuchwepheshe kushishino umthengi. Elinye ibali efanayo nawe polyethylene.

Ukuvulwa kwezinto

Kwimeko yokuqala ngokuveliswa polyethylene kwenzeka ngo-1898. Ngexesha imfudumalo-up of German imvelaphi diamezotana yemichiza Hans von Pehman wafumana emazantsi ityhubhu ayisiso ekugqibeleni kuba engaqhelekanga. Le nkcazelo yaba kakhulu ubukhulu wakhangela ngathi Yanjengomthwebeba, oogxa Scientist wambiza polimetillinom. ithuba elilandelayo kweli qela izazinzulu abazange bayifumane yoku phantse ulibele, inzala, akukho namnye kwavela. Kodwa ingcamango exhonywe emoyeni, efuna undlela lula. Kwenzeka loo nto kanye, kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu-emnqakathi, polyethylene luye lwaxhaswa evulwa imveliso random ye eksperimenti akuphumelelanga.

I-British wathatha nicule

izinto polyethylene Modern wazalwa ngomhla elebhu Imperial Chemical Industries of England. E. Fawcett and R. Gibson baqhuba iimvavanyo kunye neegesi eziphezulu nezisezantsi ingcinezelo yaye waphawula ukuba omnye ezalathelwe uphuhliso lobugcisa, amalinge zaqhutywa apho, Bathiwe wambu kweziyobisi, anencindi ayaziwa. effect icala kobuntu, benza iinzame eziliqela bafumane into, kodwa watsho phantsi.

Nokulungelelanisa Polymer laphumelela M. Perrin, umqeshwa inkampani efanayo kwiminyaka emibini. Yaba nguye owadala iteknoloji Obumbe isiseko ukuveliswa woshishino polyethylene. Iimpawu kunye nomgangatho umbandela ohlukahlukeneyo kuphela ngokusebenzisa ehlanganisa ezahlukeneyo. Ubunzima kwimveliso polyethylene yaqala ngo-1938, yaye abenzi ngo-1936.

izinto zokwenza imveliso

Polyethylene - a Polymer esiluqilima umbala omhlophe. Libhekisela kwiklasi ye-oganikhi khompawundi. Yintoni eyenza polyethylene? I ekrwada ekufanisweni lokulungiselela yayo na irhasi ethylene. Igesi polymerized ngamandla nezisezantsi ifunyenwe kwi iingqalutye feed imveliso ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Kwezinye iinkqubo polyethylene kuveliswe ekwimo ngomgubo.

Eyona eziphambili ze

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Polymer iveliswa kumabanga amabini esisiseko LDPE kunye PNP. Izinto ezenziwe kwi koxinzelelo avareji kwisalamane fyabo entsha, kodwa inani ixesha elide mveliso alahlwa iya kukhula ngokungatshintshiyo ngokunxulumene neempawu ekuphuculeni kunye intsimi ebanzi isicelo.

Kuba ukusebenzisa ezentengiso, ezi ndidi zilandelayo material (izifundo):

• Ukuxinana Low okanye igama elahlukileyo - eliphezulu-uxinzelelo (iHDPE, LDPE).
• Lwetshiphu emsebenzi-mninzi okanye uxinzelelo ephantsi (LDPE LDPE).
• Linear polyethylene, okanye polyethylene uxinzelelo eliphakathi.

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze polyethylene, nganye eneyazo iimpawu zayo nangokweenkalo isicelo. Le Polymer kwamaqondo eparticulate kwinkqubo zemveliso zongezwa colorants ezahlukeneyo ukuze zikwazi ukwamkela polyethylene emnyama, ebomvu okanye nayiphi na umbala.

JHA

Ukuveliswa polyethylene inxaxheba kwishishini kwemichiza le. Gas ethylene - element ezingundoqo (eyenza polyethylene), kodwa hayi kuphela efunekayo ukuze afumane loo mbandela.

Ukulungiselela iHDPE luyenzeka autoclaves, zamandla tubular. kumabakala LDPE yenziwe i esisodwa, ngokutsho Standard State, kukho ezisibhozo. wafumana ezingamashumi amabini ananye uhlobo polyethylene lwetshiphu emsebenzi-mninzi ukusuka reactor tubular.

Kuba Yindibanisela PVP efunekayo ukuthobela le miqathango ilandelayo:

• Ubushushu ibanga - ukusuka 200 ukuya 250 ° C.
• Yoguquko - oksijini ecocekileyo, yehidrojeni (organic).
• Uxinzelelo-150 ukuya 300 MPA.

ubunzima Poimerizirovannaya kwisigaba sokuqala urhulumente elulwelo, uze emva koko ihamba ukuba umahluli, apha kule granulator, apho impahla udini ezi granules igqityiwe.

umgangatho LDPE ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa bhanya zokubopha, termoplenok, multilayer nokupakishwa. Kwakhona, ene- polyethylene ephezulu esetyenziswa kwi leemoto, iikhemikhali kunye nokutya mveliso. Kuba yenza imibhobho ezikumgangatho ophezulu elide esetyenziswa kwicandelo zokuhlala.

polyethylene linear

Yintoni eyenza polyethylene eliphakathi-uxinzelelo okanye polyethylene yomgama?

• Iqondo lobushushu ukufudumeza ukuya ku 120 ° C.
• uxinzelelo Mode 4 MPA.
• inkqubo Stimulator - kuvala (Ziegler-Natta yempela kunye nomxube titanium chloride compound melalloorganicheskim).

Le nkqubo ihamba imvula of polyethylene ngohlobo kukubola, ezithi ke ngoko ezahlulwe kwinkqubo yesisombululo, kulandelwe granulation.

Olu hlobo polyethylene iphawulwa ezixineneyo, ukumelana nobushushu iinyembezi. Esi sigaba yesicelo nezabelo ngezabelo bhanya zokubopha, kubandakanywa izixhobo ukuzaliswa / iimveliso hot. Zeemathiriyeli granular yohlobo Polymer iindawo eyenziweyo ekubunjweni koomatshini ezinkulu, zokwambathisa izinto, umbhobho aphezulu amandla, impahla yabathengi , njalo njalo.

density High polyethylene

ANP uye indlela emithathu mveliso. Iinkampani ezininzi zisebenzisa indlela 'ukumiswa polymerization ". Yenkqubo yokufumana EOR kwenzeka ebandakanya oluludaka nokuyaluzela lomgadi feedstock, lo kuvala kufuneka ukuba uqale inkqubo.

Indlela yesibini iqhelekileyo ivelisa isimo polymerisation isisombululo phantsi kwempembelelo lobushushu kunye kuvala inxaxheba. Le ndlela ayikho kakuhle kakhulu, ekubeni ngexesha polymerization lo kuvala eso ngayo kwaye Polymer ngenxa ulahlekelwa ezinye iimpawu zayo.

Kugqibela iindlela zemveliso i PNP phase igesi polymerization, oko beziphantse ukumka, kodwa maxa wambi kwenzeka izityalo ezithile. Le inkqubo ke ithabatha indawo esitiyeni isigaba igesi izinto ekrwada phantsi kwempembelelo kwe-. Le Polymer lokugqibela ifunyenwe kunye nesakhiwo nonuniform nokuxinana, nto leyo echaphazela umgangatho imveliso ogqityiweyo.

Imveliso ye iHDPE lwenzeka ngexesha imo elandelayo:

• Amaqondo obushushu kugcinwa ukususela 120 ° C ku 150 ° C.
• Uxinzelelo mayingagqithi 2 MPA.
• ehlanganisa Polymerization (Ziegler-Natta yempela kunye nomxube titanium chloride compound melalloorganicheskim).

A izinto yale ndlela lokuvelisa luphawulwa ngqongqo, ezixineneyo, luthambe phantsi. Ngoko ke, ububanzi isicelo bayo shishino. polyethylene Technical esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izikhongozelo ezinkulu ubungakanani-ezineempawu amandla aphezulu. Imfuneko kwishishini lokwakha, ishishini yemichiza, ukuba ukuveliswa kwezinto yabathengi, yena phantse awusebenzi.

izakhiwo

Polyethylene iyamelana namanzi, ukuba iintlobo ezininzi izinyibilikisi, ii-asidi (organic, nezingaphiliyo), modem kunye neetyuwa. Xa omlilo isenza i nevumba iparafini, kukho ukukhanya ithinti oluhlaza, umlilo omncinane. Siqala kwenzeka xa zibethwa acid-nitric oxide, chlorine kunye fluorine kwi zikarhulumente sukube okanye engamanzi. Nokuguga, olwenzeka umoya, izinto cross-unxulumano kwakheka phakathi ngemixokelelwane emolekyuli, ukwenza izinto ntlanzi, uphuqeka.

quality kwabathengi

Polyethylene - impahla ekhethekileyo njngesiqhelo kwi ekhayeni nasemsebenzini. Akuthandeki ukuba umlinganiselo umthengi uya kukwazi ukubona izinto ezininzi njani kuwo ubuso imihla. I-jikelele release Iipholima polyethylene esona sabelo yengonyama imarike - 31% yabo bebonke kwesambuku semveliso.

Kuxhomekeke, nto leyo yenziwa polyethylene kunye kubuxhakaxhaka bokuvelisa, umgangatho walo olumiswe lwagqitywa. Le nto ihlanganisa ngamanye amaxesha bachasayo iimpawu: ukuthamba kunye namandla, ductility kunye ubulukhuni, eqine nkqi kunye nokumelana iinyembezi, ukumelana baxilonga ndlongondlongo kunye arhente eziphilayo. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla sisebenzisa iipakethi ingxinano ezahlukeneyo, tableware ezilahlwayo, iminqwazi zeplastiki, iinxalenye zombane zasekhaya kunye nangaphezulu.

izicelo

Ukusetyenziswa iimveliso polyethylene kungaphelelanga, naliphi na icandelo okanye umsebenzi yabantu sikhatshwe le mifanekiso:

• Le Polymer ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu afunyenwe ekwenziweni kwezinto zokubopha. Kule nxalenye yolu isicelo kuyimfuneko malunga-35% onke ezinto awo. ukusetyenziswa enjalo bugwetyelwe iipropati gryazeootalkivayuschimi, ukunqongophala ukhuseleko ngenxa imbonakalo ngundo kunye ezincane. Enye ezafunyanwa Lucky - izingxobo zeplastiki, eye isicelo ngokubanzi. Xa angafaniyo ubude ngokubona kwayo, umsebenzisi anqongophele ngenxa ububanzi yempahla ye kuphela.
• Unoko engqondweni, apho kwenziwa polyethylene, kucacile ukuba kutheni zaye zasasazeka njengenye ezingcono ubushushu. Enye iimpawu zayo bafuna-emveni kule ndawo yaba kukunqongophala Unikezelo lombane. Kwakhona iipropati repellency amanzi kubalulekile, nto leyo eye yasetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izinto amanzi.
• Ukumelana nomkhosi etshabalalisayo amanzi kuphela, yenza ukuvelisa imibhobho ezenziwe polyethylene indlu kunye nabasebenzisi-mveliso.
• Kwishishini lokwakha umgangatho ubushushu yesandi polyethylene ezisetyenziswayo, conductivity esezantsi thermal. Ezi mihlaba luncedo ekwenziweni kwimathiriyeli sayo usambathisa thermal izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezoshishino. Polyethylene isetyenziswa usambathisa zobugcisa ze-mbane zokufudumeza sobunjineli ngoomatshini njalo-njalo.
• Not ukumelana kancinci izinto ndlongondlongo eendaba yoshishino weekhemikhali, imibhobho polyethylene esetyenziswa iilebhu imichiza kunye namashishini.
• Le polyethylene luncedo amayeza njengoko zokubopha, izitho zokufakelwa, kusetyenziswa bamazinyo, njl

Iindlela processing

Kuxhomekeka ngendlela apho izinto granular ekrwada iye phambili ziza kuxhomekeka ukuba zeziphi uphawu lwe polyethylene ifunyenwe. iindlela Common:

• Extrusion (extrusion). Isetyenziswa ukwenziwa kwemibhobho, zokubopha kunye nezinye iintlobo ifilimu, sheet izinto ukuze kwakhiwe uhombiso, neentambo yokuvelisa, wenza ithumbu zeplastiki kunye nezinye iimveliso.
• Ambumbe, thermo-ezincamathelayo inkqubo bokwakha. ezisetyenziselwa ikakhulu izinto zokubopha imveliso, iibhokisi, njalo-njalo
• Extrusion igalelo ambumbe, ejikelezayo. Ngale ndlela ifunyenwe umthamo ngokomthamo, a izikhongozeli ukuphakheja enkulu.
• Ukuqinisa. Kuba ubuchwepheshe lithile besisihla, singene polyethylene ubunzima wabumba wabeka nokubethelela iziqalelo (metal) ukunika izinto zokwakha eyandileyo amandla, kodwa iindleko ngaphantsi.

Yintoni eyenza polyethylene, ngaphandle amacandelo aphambili kwezinto? Kunyanzelekile ukuba balunqhele kukukhokela kunye nezongezelelo ukutshintsha iimpawu, umgangatho umbandela ogqityiweyo.

noKwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinto ebesezisetyenzisiwe

ukumelana PE - kuba plus yakhe impahla kunye ezingentle nkonzo, njengoko omnye wemiba ephambili zokungcolisa indalo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uba ri ebalulekileyo - ngokurisayikilisha. Onke amabakala of polyethylene nga ri kwaye ungene aguqulwe-ibe izinto granular ekrwada ukusuka apho kunokwenzeka ukwenza abaninzi bafuna-emva kokuba impahla kunye nokusetyenziswa mveliso.

izingxobo polyethylene, iingxowa, iibhotile ziya cazulula etiphini kangangamakhulu eminyaka, akhiwe amanxuwa emfono bonakalise imithombo ebalulekileyo yendalo. Le nkqubo yehlabathi ibonisa ukukhula kwamanani lwamashishini processing polyethylene. Eneneni ukuqokelela inkunkuma, iinkampani ezifana ukuphumeza lahlukene yayo, batyumke. Ngoko ke, kukho ugcino resource, ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso zingathengiswa.