Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin: A Biography kunye nomsebenzi

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, zigazi inikwe ngezantsi engobomi, - imbongi, umguquleli, umbhali kunye ... iRhuluneli. Iminyaka yobomi bakhe - 1743-1816. Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uza kufunda ngazo zonke ezi imiba yemisebenzi le ndoda multi-italente ezifana Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. ngobomi bakhe uya kumana kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi umdla.

imvelaphi

Gavriil Romanovich wazalwa e Kazan ngo-1743. Apha kwilali Karmachi waye estate kusapho nosapho lwakhe. Wegqitha esengumntwana imbongi elizayo. Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich ntsapho sisityebi, usapho amanene. Gavriil Romanovich walahlekelwa uyise, Roman Nikolaevich, owayesele enkulu. Unina Andreevna Thekla (nee - Kozlov). Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i Derzhavin uyinzala Bagrima, Tatar lakomkhulu, ngubani zagxothwa le nyambalala yomkhosi ngenkulungwane ye-15.

Imfundo kwizikolo eziphakamileyo, inkonzo kwi webutho

Ngowe-1757 yena wangena Kazan Gymnasium Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Ibali lobomi bakhe sele ngeli xesha elo nenzondelelo banxanelwe ulwazi. Yena umfundi elungileyo, kodwa wayengakwazi ukuba ukugqiba uqeqesho. Inyaniso yokuba ngoFebruwari 1762 imbongi elizayo wabizelwa eSt Petersburg. Kuye echazwe kwi yoTshintsho webutho. Derzhavin waqala inkonzo njengento ijoni eqhelekileyo. Elaliliphethe webutho, iminyaka yakhe-10, yaye ukususela 1772 waba ligosa. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Derzhavin kwiminyaka 1773-74. Wathabatha inxaxheba abathintela kwimvukelo ka Pugachev, ngokunjalo kombuso ebhotwe, apho uCatherine II wenyuka etroneni.

nodumo Social noncwadi

nodumo lweNtlalo kunye noncwadi ku Gavriil Romanovich weza ngo-1782. Ku koko zishicilelwe ode yakhe edumileyo "Felitsa 'belizukisa uKumkanikazi. Derzhavin, hot ngemvelo, kaninzi ngenxa ngumchamo babo neenzima zobomi. Ukongeza, wawuqhutywa namonde nenzondelelo emsebenzini, akusoloko wamkelekile.

Derzhavin waba umbusi yephondo Olonets

Ngu ummiselo ukumkanikazi ngo-1773 kwiphondo Olonets yadalwa. Kwakugcwele kwisiphaluka elinye kunye nezithili ezibini. Ngowe-1776 Novgorod lwerhuluneli kwasekwa, olu sapho lwaluquka kwiindawo ezimbini - Olonetsk kunye Novgorod. Irhuluneli yokuqala Olonets baba Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. biography lakhe kule minyaka kuza kufuneka ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yolawulo kwesi sikhundla uxanduva. Phantsi komthetho inyanzela uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu ngoxanduva. Gavriil Romanovich kwafuneka ukubukela ebisebenza ngayo imithetho, kwaye ukuziphatha eseleyo amagosa. Kuba Derzhavin, Noko ke, akukho nzima kakhulu. Wayekholelwa ukuba kuphela ubuhlobo esisemthethweni ngamnye ukuya amagosa zoshishino kunye nokuthotyelwa buxhomekeke uzisa ukuze inkundla kunye norhulumente wengingqi.

Subordinated amaziko ingaphelanga inyanga emva kokuba amabala kwiphondo babeyazi into yokuba bonke abantu kwinkonzo karhulumente kunye phula lo mthetho uza kohlwaywa ngokuqatha, phezulu ukuya ukuhluthwa udidi okanye indawo. Iyazeya uzama ukubuyisela ukuze kwiphondo lakhe Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Iminyaka yobomi bakhe ngeli xesha kuphawulwa ekulweni urhwaphilizo. Nakuba kunjalo, oku kwakhokelela kuphela lweemfazwe bengavani ziingcungcu kuphela.

Yayilulawulo kwiphondo Tambov

UCatherine II ngoDisemba 1785 wakhupha ummiselo ukuqeshwa kwisikhundla sokuba ibamba Derzhavin ngoku kwiphondo Tambov. Ufike -4 Matshi kunyaka 1786.

Kwiphondo Tambov Gavriil Romanovich efumaneka zidlakadlaka ngokupheleleyo. izahluko ezine zaba iminyaka 6 ikho. Kwiimeko baba ngumbhodamo, ayiyi echazwe umda phondo. ubungakanani Huge zafika engahlawulwanga. Wakuva ukungabikho kwemfundo kuluntu ngokubanzi, ngokukodwa yezikhulu.

Gavriil Romanovich wavula for abatsha lokubala eliguqukayo iiklasi, igrama, geometry, njengomculo nomngqungqo. Theological Seminary and lenqaba School wabanika ulwazi kakuhle kakhulu. Gabriel Derzhavin wagqiba ukuvula indlu kaYona Borodin, umrhwebi wasekuhlaleni, isikolo sikarhulumente. ngomdlalo Theatrical banikwa endlwini lerhuluneli, yaye kungekudala waqalisa ukwakha yemidlalo yeqonga. kakhulu ukuba iphondo Tambov Derzhavin wenza, asiyi ukudwelisa lonke. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wabeka isiseko kuphuhliso mmandla.

Amalunga Naryshkin kunye Vorontsov weza aphicothe imeko kwiphondo Tambov. Enye into ecace yaba ukuphucuka ukuba Derzhavin ngoSeptemba 1787 zawongwa ibhaso yekhethelo - i-Order of Vladimir weqondo wesithathu.

Njengoko sachithwa Derzhavin

Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi progressive Gavriil Romanovich kwi-ofisi ujongene neemfuno yezikhulu wengingqi kunye nabanini-mhlaba. Ukongeza, IV Gudovich, irhuluneli-jikelele, waba kuzo zonke ngquzulwano kwi n'wina kwicala ema, ke, amasela zasekuhlaleni kunye namasela.

Derzhavin wazama ukohlwaya Dulova, umnini-mhlaba, wayala ukuba ukubetha ncane ityala pastushonka. Noko ke, le behluleke, kwaye ubutshaba kwirhuluneli yi abanini zephondo bya. Yaba inyathelo engeyanto kunye Gavriil Romanovich ukunqanda ubusela zomrhwebi wasekuhlaleni Borodin, ngubani bakhohlisa wokulondoloza imali, ukunika izitena zokwakha, yaye ngoko kweemeko ezingentle ukuba urhulumente ndafumana yokulima iwayini.

Zonke intlebendwane ekwandeni kokuqukuqela izikhalazo, iingxelo kwi Derzhavin. NgoJanuwari ka1789 yena ugxothiwe post yakhe. Kakhulu bazuze kwiphondo weza umsebenzi yakhe emfutshane.

Buyela elikomkhulu, imisebenzi yolawulo

Kulo nyaka Derzhavin wabuyela komkhulu. Uye wayebambe izikhundla ezahlukeneyo zolawulo apha. Kwangaxeshanye, Gavriil Romanovich waqhubeka ukwenza kuluncwadi, ukudala bacule (ngakumbi malunga nomsebenzi wakhe, siza kuthetha kamva).

Derzhavin wamiselwa ngunondyebo karhulumente phantsi uPawulos I. Noko ke, akazange afumane kunye nalo mlawuli, ngenxa yobugcisa, sakhe, Gavriil Romanovich iingxelo zabo ngokufuthi Kukushwabula ukrwada. Alexander I, owaphumelela uPawulos akazange ukushiya ngaphandle ingqalelo Derzhavin, ngokumenza uMphathiswa wezoBulungisa. Kodwa kamva ngonyaka imbongi ugxothiwe ngenxa awusebenzileyo "ngenzondelelo kakhulu." Ngowe-1809, Gavriil Romanovich wagxothwa zonke izithuba zolawulo esele ngenqindi phantsi.

nobuciko Derzhavina

izibongo Russian ku Gavriil Romanovich waba ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Derzhavin landiswa kakhulu umxholo wayo. Ke kaloku kwakukho ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi yesihobe, ukusuka ode kasabatha iingoma ezilula. Nayo uhlanga kuqala lyrics kwabonakala umfanekiselo umbhali, oko kukuthi, ubuntu wembongi. Derzhavin wayekholelwa ukuba ukuba abe phezulu ngokusekelwe inyaniso zobugcisa. Oku uyakwazi ukuchaza kuphela yimbongi. Kulo mzekelo, art kunokuba Sixelisa uhlobo kuphela xa kunokwenzeka ukuba aye kuthetha ukuqonda zehlabathi, ukuba ukulungisa isimilo sabantu kwaye ukufunda kwabo. Derzhavin ingqalelo ngamasiko Sumarokov kunye Lomonosov. Waba umsebenzi wakhe siko classicism Russian.

Injongo ye mbongi Derzhavin - thethisa izenzo ezimbi nendumiso enkulu. Umzekelo, kwi ode "Felitsa" Gavriil Romanovich okhuthaza neNgonyama bakhanyiselwa emntwini uCatherine II. Mboniso, okrelekrele uKumkanikazi uthelekiswa kulo msebenzi nkundla zokuzingca bukhali nezidwangube.

italente yakhe phezu Derzhavin yakhe yemibongo zibonwa njengesixhobo yanikwa imbongi ngaphezu ukuze aphumelele edabini kwezopolitiko an. Gavriil Romanovich kwakuhlwa "isitshixo" ukuze imisebenzi yakhe - ukuhlaziya oluneenkcukacha, ethi oko iziganeko kwakhokelela ukuvela omnye okanye omnye kubo.

Ukuba Zvanka kunye umqulu wokuqala imisebenzi

Derzhavin ngo-1797 bathenga ilifa Zvanka kunye babhiyoza iinyanga eziliqela nyaka ngamnye. Sele kunyaka olandelayo kwabonakala umqulu wokuqala imisebenzi Gavriil Romanovich. Oku kuquka imibongo, immortalized igama lakhe: ". Kwi Ukufa Prince Meshchersky" "Xa nokuzalwa porfirorodnogo umntwana" ode "Ngomhla lokufakwa kaIshmayeli", "Thixo", "Ingxangxasi", "grandee", "Bullfinch".

Drama Derzhavina inxaxheba kule kwisangqa boncwadi

Phezu umhlala-phantsi wakhe, yena phantsi phantse ngokupheleleyo idrama ubomi bakhe Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. ubuchule kwakhe kweli cala edibene nokudalwa zasekelwa opera eziliqela, kunye iinkxwaleko kulandelayo:. "The Dark," "Eupraxia", "uHerode and Mariamne" Ukususela ngo 1807, imbongi yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwisangqa boncwadi imisebenzi apho kamva kwasekwa uluntu, ukufumana udumo ngakumbi. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Abathandi Russian uLizwi". Xa umsebenzi wakhe "Intetho kwi izibongo lyric okanye ode" ushwankathelwa amava akhe nokubhala Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Ubuchule kube nempembelelo ngamandla uphuhliso lobugcisa lolwimi kwilizwe lethu. neembongi abaninzi ekhokelwa nguye.

Derzhavin ukufa, ziyahlelwa isidumbu sakhe

Ngoko ke, sanixelela ngenxa ngale ndoda enkulu Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Biography, iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nayo, ilifa ubugcisa - oko konke wayifulela kweli nqaku. Kuhleli kuphela kungqina ngalo ukufa Derzhavin kunye malunga isiphelo isidumbu sakhe, ekube lula. Kuphela ke kuthathwa ukuba thaca biography ngokupheleleyo Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, nangona echazwe ngokufutshane.

Derzhavin wafa kwilifa lakhe Zvanka ngo-1816. Ibhokisi umzimba wakhe wathunyelwa Volkhov loke. Le mbongi ifumene indawo yakhe yokugqibela yokuphumla kwi oyiNgcwele yoTshintsho Cathedral kufuphi Veliky Novgorod. Le Cathedral ukwakweli intsimi Varlaamo-Khutyn monastery. Apha ke wangcwatywa, kunye nomfazi wakhe Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, Darya Alekseevna.

Woonongendi yatshatyalaliswa ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ingcwaba Derzhavin nayo ubunzima. Nokungcwatywa Gavriil Romanovich kunye Darya Alekseevna lwaqhutywa ngo-1959. Bathunyelwa Novgorod yesicelo. Ngokunxulumene engama 250th of Derzhavin ngo-1993 iintsalela wembongi Babuyiselwa Varlaamo-Khutyn Monastery.

Kwizikolo akukho ngozi, kwaye kule mini kukho imbongi efana Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Biography ziyenze kubalulekile avela obugcisa, kodwa kunye kwinqanaba lemfundo umbono. Ngapha koko, inyaniso zashunyayelwayo Derzhavin, obungunaphakade.