Ngeso lenyama galvanic. Electroplating Technology. Electroplating

ngeso lenyama galvanic yindlela enamathela ngentsimbi kwezinye iindlela electrolysis. Le nkqubo yenziwa usebenzisa iindlela ngokuntywiliselwa oluqhelekileyo. Emva kwale preconditioning iibhodi beesekethe zilayishwe kwi sokuhlambela nesingxobo, nto leyo capacitance kukho yokwambathisa leyo izele i electrolyte kwaye banikwe anodes (ukuze babe enyibilikayo ezingenakunyibilika) kunye isixhobo lokugcina iqondo lobushushu kwaye umoya isisombululo.

imali processing

Kwegciwane DC kukhokelela ekubeni imaski zokuzikhusela ezingogqunywanga kwaye inxibelelene ngokwezahlulo electrode lebhodi lulungiselelwe umaleko nickel okanye igolide eqinile. eyona ndawo olufanelekileyo anodes kuqinisekisa ukuba Ebubanzini ukutyabeka nama-uniform.

nesingxobo igolide PCB yenziwa kusetyenziswa yinkqubo enezigaba ezibini. Okokuqala, antywiliselwa sokuhlambela, apho nickel isicelo yi electroplating. Oku kusebenzisa a high ingxinano ekhoyo ngoku, apho isisombululo asidi ye umaleko nickel lifakwa, okusuka ka 0.05-0.1 microns. Oku kuqinisekisa adhesion enamandla nickel nangobhedu, okuyinto kunciphisa porosity kwe ukutyabeka kwanokuthintela ukungena ngobhedu kungena umaleko yegolide. Emva ukuhlamba, amanqaku idla ihamba emanzini gilding apho amandla wenziwe maleko ngegolide ku-0.5 m ukusuka electrolyte.

Electroplating kunye umhombiso

Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho uhombiso lwe metal yokuluka. banamhla icebisa ukuba isiphiwo esithile iimpawu ethile metal galvanic unyango kumphezulu izakusetyenziswa. Ipeyinti sokhuselo izinyithi amanene zingafumaneka ngokuthi imvula zesinyithi evela brines phantsi kwempembelelo umsinga wombane. Ngezi Ipeyinti kunokwenzeka ukuba ixesha elide ukugcina umbala kunye ayenechaphothi ubucwebe. Bathi nje ukuthintela mnyama imveliso, kodwa kuba nesiphumo esihle wokucoca. Umzekelo, wazaleka ngegolide okanye isiliva ivumela ukulondoloza ngokusisigxina umbala kunye ayenechaphothi ubucwebe.

Kukho ukwahlukahlukana ezininzi ezahlukeneyo yale nkqubo, nganye leyo equka ukusetyenziswa metal:

- chrome;

- nesingxobo zobhedu;

- zinc;

- nickel;

- yayisoma tin-bismuth;

- chemical igcwala;

- chemical passivation;

- anodizing;

- electropolishing.

chromium-nesingxobo

Le Ukwanda umphezulu chromium intsimbi ehlasela okanye bawabeka phezu abaza maleko evela electrolyte phantsi yesenzo yangoku yombane. Kulo mzekelo, electroplating sijoliswe kwi ukhuselo umhlwa sisetyenziselwa uhombiso okanye ukunyusa iqondo komhlaba yobulukhuni. Nesingxobo kolu shishino kwaye ingasetyenziselwa uhombiso. Kulo mzekelo, eyona njongo iphambili yenkqubo - azidlulisele kumphezulu ayenechaphothi ebuntsimbi emangalisayo ezintle. Iinkcukacha phambi kokuba isicelo of chromium ukuba likhazimliswe.

iipropati daka

nesingxobo Nzima chrome luphawulwa nokumelana nobushushu, wear eliphezulu ukuxhathisa, wettability amahlwempu, ukukhuhlana aphantsi, kunye plasticity ephantsi. Ngaphezu koko, ubuso ifumana iipropati ezifana uzinzo ngokwemiqathango kunobunye, ukukwazi ukumelana unikezelo umthwalo, kwakunye neengxaki ezinxulumene intshabalalo ngokulula yagxila phantsi imithwalo kukothuka. Nesingxobo chromium ngohlobo ubisi unezinga elisezantsi yokuqaqadeka banxibe ukuxhathisa, porosity elisezantsi. Umphezulu biyela umhlwa lo gama kugcinwe imbonakalo enomtsalane zokuhombisa.

Ukusetyenziswa kushishino nesingxobo chrome

Eyona njongo ephambili apho kusetyenziswa kushishino, oku ngokunika iinkcukacha propati, ezifana nokwanda uqinile, ukwanda ukumelana umhlwa nokunciphisa ukukhuhlana. Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo, ngentsimbi iba namandla, irhasi angabekwa ukuba umhlwa kwaye lutshatyalaliswe kwi zaselwandle kunye namanzi eziqhelekileyo, nitric acid. ngeso lenyama galvanic yale hlobo kukhokelela ekubeni womonakalo kumphezulu ayabonakala kuphela ngenxa efunekayo ukwenza uqhubekeko phambili, ukususela kulo mzekelo alunasiphumo ulungelelwaniso.

copperplating

Ukusebenzisa Ipeyinti copper ezifanelekileyo kwezo meko xa ekufuneka ukwandisa Unikezelo lombane, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo njengoko .lulwaleko oluphakathi kwimveliso intsimbi phambi kokuba lifakwa chrome, nickel okanye ezinye ngeso lenyama. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba adhesion engcono, kunye nokwandisa amandla olukhuselayo. nesingxobo Nobhedu ngokubanzi engasetyenziswa njengento ezimeleyo okanye zokuhombisa. Ngenxa metal esebenzayo ikwazi ekuthinteleni ukuyilwa iintlantsi, imveliso ingasetyenziswa kwishishini oyile negesi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe nesingxobo yobhedu

Le nkqubo isetyenziswa zokwaleka sobhedu kwimveliso intsimbi okanye a ngocingo. Ngokufuthi, le hlobo zokwaleka iyasetyenziswa ukukhusela iindawo iimveliso yentsimbi ukusuka zesamente kwaye adluliselwa efanayo ixesha ubuze kwabo kwimimandla kulindeleke ukuba kokuqhutyelwa phambili ngokusika.

Electroplating coating metal kulo mzekelo zisetyenziswa kwishishini oyile negesi ukuthintela ukuyilwa iintlantsi, kwintsimi yombane ukuba isimemezelo elandelayo Ipeyinti multilayer eyenzelwe ukhuseleko umhombiso, ekuvelisweni iibhodi beesekethe eziprintiweyo, ukuphucula ngelotha, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Umphezulu ufumana umbala ebomvana ukukhanya okubomvu emnyama. Shades bakholisa mgangathweni.

galvanizing

Enye yezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo yokukhuselwa imveliso wentsimbi galvanizing. Kudla isetyenziselwa yonyango iindidi ingxubevange okanye carbon zentsimbi amabakala. Electroplating yale hlobo enesidingo ukukhusela lamanqaku ezenziwe ucingo kunye zokubopha. Ukufumana kwindawo efumileyo, komhlaba zinc lisebenza anode, ngaloo ndlela behlise igcwala reaction, kwaye metal umzali ngoxa ukufumana ukhuseleko evela imiba engentle yokusingqongileyo.

Electroplating yolu hlobo zingasetyenziswa kuphela emva kokuba imveliso metal ukuba lumakishwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ukwenza njalo, asuse kwabo irusi, isikali, zekhompyutha okupholisa izicelo igrisi. Xa inkqubo galvanizing ziphelele, imveliso kufuneka phantsi ingcaciso, ngamanye amazwi ukuba andisayi kuze kunye nesisombululo ezibuthathaka-nitric acid, ilandelwe yi passivation. Ngoko ke akwenzeki kuphela ukwandisa uxhathiso lweemveliso Isefu ku izinto ezimbi, kodwa ukubenza zokuhombisa ngakumbi, oko kukuthi, ukongeza ukhanye kunye nombala ethile. Electroplating Technology kule meko kubandakanya zinc umaleko Ebubanzini microns-6 ukuya kwisi-1.5 mm.

nickel-nesingxobo

Ukhuselo iimveliso zesinyithi kunokuphunyezwa kusetyenziswa iintlobo ngentlobo zobungcaphephe. Enye kakhulu ezithandwayo kunye yengcolileyo okwangoku nickel. ithandwa kangaka kungenxa iimpawu eekhemikhali nickel. It Unazo ngezinga eliphezulu yokumelana umhlwa ngendlela zolwelo medium, kwaye oxide nickel luthintela igcwala ngakumbi sentsimbi. Ukongeza, nickel kakubi efanele neetyuwa, asidi kunye alkalis, ngaphandle nitric acid. Umzekelo, esinobukhulu nesingxobo 0,125 mm likhusela ngokuchaseneyo Njengoninzi lweegesi zoshishino kunye nokwanda ubuvila. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye umzuzwana onjalo: nickel wazaleka efanele phantse zonke ngesinyithi, ngoko le ndlela zingasetyenziswa kuqhubekeko oluphambili lwe mveliso.

Ukusetyenziswa nickel efanelekileyo uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi:

- ukukhuselwa imveliso yesinyithi;

- sebenzisa njenge Ipeyinti nokuhombisa;

- pre-yakheka umaleko ukuba phantsi uqhubekeko phambili;

- kwakhona amalungu kunye neendibano.

Ukutyabeka luphawulwa ukunganyangeki wear eliphezulu kwaye ngobulukhuni kucetyiswa ukuba amalungu esebenza iimeko kunobunye, ingakumbi xa kungekho nayiphi na ukuthambisa ajikeleze, esetyenziselwa ukhuselo ngokudleka, kwaye zinika libya solders ubushushu brazing, bonke emiselweyo ISO. Ipeyinti Electroplated aye anda brittleness, ke ayikhuthazwa ukuvelisa lokudlabhuka ayeguqa iindawo inkqubo nickel nesingxobo wadlula. Kuyanconywa ukuba isicelo iinkcukacha slozhnoprofilirovannyh. Emva kokuba inkqubo unyango ubushushu phantsi kweemeko degrees 400 Celsius ukutyabeka uba yobulukhuni eliphezulu.

Tin-Bismuth

Ukutyabeka tin luphawulwa uxhathiso sisenzo iikhompawundi sulphur aqulethe, kucetyiswa ukuba amalungu ukuba banxibelelane irabha kunye iiplastiki. Phakathi iipropati bayo bangonakala ngokuba adhesion amahle kunye nesiseko metal, luthambe, ukukwazi ukugoba, ukuzoba, bexhentsa, umsi, cinezela-kufanelekile, kwakunye ukugcinwa kakuhle ngethuba makeup. Ingca tin coating ihambelana kahle ngelotha.

iziphumo

Nesingxobo uphucula iimpawu iinxalenye conductive, ebanika kwiipropati yokugquma zombane ophezulu, kwakunye ngokukhuselwa nefuthe lezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, le ndlela ivumela ukufumana kumphezulu kakhulu ukuba imbono esipilini, kwakunye simulating ukutyabeka lwawo. Kunzima ukuba ayikhulise electroplating kubaluleke kangakanani kushishino mihla nokuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe bavunyelwe ukwenza inkqubo ogqibeleleyo ngakumbi.