Stocks yamafutha ehlabathini

Amafa oli ehlabathini ukuyiqikelela ngokusekelwe iziphawuli ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba azimisele yi isixa ezigutyulwayo, nto leyo evumela ukuba afumane ngalo mzuzu kumphakamo wangoku kuphuhliso lobugcisa kunye nobugcisa.

Russia kucalulo phezu noninzi lwezinto izimbiwa ezifana ioli, igesi, condensate, kwaye ziqulathe amacandelo ezinexabiso loshishino. Yaye yasekwa ngenani odolo 126 ka 07/02/2001 Ministry of Resources Natural, wangena ukusebenza ngokolwahlulo entsha 01/01/2012 evunywe yi inombolo yoku-298 ngo-2005.

oli ekrwada zihlelwe ngolu hlobo:

1. stock

• ithembekile;
• ezinzile;
• kuqikelelwa;
• izityholo.

2. Resources

• ukuba isebenze;
• umbono;
• phambili.

Stocks yamafutha ehlabathini kufuna SPE-PRMS imigangatho yokuhlela ngamazwe. Olu khetho eqhelekileyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kuphela amathuba abayifumanayo emasimini, kodwa ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho kwimveliso. Zonke isitokhwe zahlulwe iindidi ezi-3:

• kwaba ukubuyisa amathuba 90%;
• linokuba yi-50%;
• iidipozithi anokwenzeka malunga ne-10%.

Ukuze zivumelane zokuhlela kazwelonke iimeko lwemisebenzi engcono, i-UN iphuhlise kwaye kucetywa ukuba Cazulula izibonelelo kufunxwa noovimba oli ehlabathini kule nkqubo jikelele, noseko kuzo ezi khrayitheriya esisiseko: uzinzo kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo kweprojekthi, ubume balo kunye ebhaliweyo echaza isizathu kuphuhliso iidiphozithi, ulwazi neeminerali, yaye ukusetyenziswa iikhowudi ngamanani. Indibaniselwano iikhrayitheriya amathathu kudala inkqubo-ntathu.

Kwi-US, oli ekrwada ihlelwa ngokwezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo :. Ngokutsho umzuzwana okanye kwimarike izibambiso, ngokutsho SPE - Society of Petroleum Engineers, AAPG - Association of Izazi Petroleum, njl Ngokuphathelele kolu khupho:

• reserves engqinekayo, okanye oovimba, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo 90 ukuya 95% ngo utsala lilonke ngonyaka ngamnye.
• Bokuba.
• oovimba qhinga neoli kwi ext zendalo 4.

Le stock, amazwe amaninzi ukwenzela ukudala inzuzo kwezoqoqosho. Malunga eziibhiliyoni ezi-4. Ise kwi zorhwebo apho umxholo-1.4 billion. Ingaba phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente.

Ethetha amava, ukuba oovimba elindelekileyo oli ehlabathini endle zincinane kakhulu kunokuba kunokwenzeka Kwandile atsalwa. It iphenjelelwa yezizathu ezininzi, umzekelo, ubuchwepheshe likuvumela ukuba ndikhuphe ekukhuleni iidipozithi zabucala zempahla ekrwada ukuba esinokwenziwa xa neendlela lixesha.

World oovimba neoli kuyimfuneko ukugcina ngeendleko IT-ubuchwepheshe kunye neemoto ezintsha. Ngokutsho manani, ixabiso zepetroli kwisikhululo igesi liye landa oluphindwe-7 kule minyaka ili-10. Isizathu soku usendleleni yokuba imveliso oli ehlabathini yehlile kakhulu.

Ngokutsho Energy Information Ulawulo loovimba zehlabathi baseMelika malunga 1.3 triliyoni. Nemigqomo. Kungenxa kuMbindi Mpuma ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha, E-Afrika (imiphanda 750 billion.) - 120 billion ngo-Eurasia -. 100 billion, Asia kunye Oceania unamalunga eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 imiphanda, .. amazwe EU cishe engekho. Kukho oovimba ezibalulekileyo yeoli Arctic -. Malunga 90 bhiliyoni imiphanda, 22% yabo kubo bokuba oovimba ehlabathini.

World kwimveliso ye-oyile, ngokutsho komhlaba imbeko K. Deffeysa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye XIX 1 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ukusuka 2.3 ezigidi nemigqomo. Yaba ioli kakhulu efikeleleka lula kwaye ophezulu ezikumgangatho kunye isitokhwe eseleyo zithathwa ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Ezinxulumene noko oyile okanye semi-eziqinileyo izinto ezinxulumene, kungekudala imveliso leyo eya kuba ezingafanelekanga, ungekho esimeni ngenxa yobunzima nemveliso nokuqhutywa. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni ioli cheap uza kuphinda kuveliswa.

Ukondliwa abantu luxhomekeke kwi-oyile, kuba awukwazi ukubakhona ngaphandle kushishino, ezolimo, imveliso, iimarike zemali kunye nezithuthi. Kufuneka ukuba kuphuhliswe ubugcisa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa oyile ekuvelisweni kwempahla, ukuba bashiye tu odala amandla thermal ukwenza isethi amanyathelo ukuphucula ukusebenza yezothutho. Ufuna imali kunye nokusebenzisa eminye imithombo yamandla, yaye indlela efanelekileyo ukuze uluntu.