Le isivamvo - nokwakheka isenzeko

Ngowe-1887, isazinzulu waseJamani Hertz wafumanisa ifuthe ukukhanya yokumpompoza zombane. Ukufunda obhobhozayo yintlantsi Hertz wafumanisa ukuba i electrode izibane engafanele yelanga eyingozi, kwaba ligazi ukumpompoza kusenzeka ombane engephi i electrode.

ngakumbi Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba xa isetyenziswe ekukhanyeni le arc zombane kakubi wamwisela ipleyiti yesinyithi eqhagamshelwe utolo electroscope electroscope uwe. Oku kwakubonisa ukuba arc uqweqwe esikhanyayo uphelelwa isigxina zayo ezimbi. Intlawulo esihle nembasa yentsimbi ukukhanya angalahlekelwa.

Ukulahleka lwemizimba yesinyithi ekwezi imisebe Ukukhanya negative kwentlawulo lombane kuthiwa isivamvo okanye isivamvo.

Nokwakheka yale nto ke iye kufundwe ukususela 1888 kwaye abaziwayo Russian nzulu A. G. Stoletovym.

Ekufundweni photoelectric isiphumo iinkulungwane kwenziwa ngabo ufakelo equka IiCD ezimbini ezincinane. Le ipleyiti izinc eqinileyo kunye enemingxuma obhityileyo ebekwe nkqo nxamnye omnye komnye, bakha capacitor. ipleyiti yayo onxulumene izinti umthombo ngoku, uze zikhanyiswe ngokukhanya i arc yombane.

Ukukhanya ngokukhululekiyo umnatha phezu kwamanzi a zinc disc esiqinileyo.

STOLETOV wafumanisa ukuba xa ipleyiti zinc le capacitor eqhagamshelwe kwipali esibi umthombo wamandla ombane (a cathode), lo galvanometer eqhagamshelwe kwisekethe ebonisa yangoku. Ukuba cathode yinto enemingxuma, ngoko akukho yangoku. Ngoko ke, lakhanya zinc ipleyiti okhupha amasuntswana kakubi ityala, athi abenoxanduva ngobukho yangoku phakathi kwakhe umnatha.

Stoletov, ukufunda isivamvo, nokwakheka leyo okwangoku kuvulwa, wathabatha ze-eksperimenti zakhe amavili izinyithi ezahlukeneyo: aluminiyam, ikopolo, zinc, isilivere, nickel. Ukuphuma ukuba kwipali esibi umthombo wamandla ombane, ubonakala njani phantsi intshukumo ye arc kwisekethe besityalo pilot kuyo umsinga wombane. Le ngoku kuthiwa photocurrent.

Ngokwandisa ombane phakathi capacitor iipleyiti photocurrent siyandiswa, zifikelela zinamandla athile ukuba ixabiso layo eliphezulu ekuthiwa photocurrent kufumaneka bantu.

Ukuphanda le isivamvo, nokwakheka oludityaniswe ngokusondeleyo ukuxhomekeka le Ukwanda ixabiso photocurrent le ezikhanyayo obhobhozayo isehlo kwi kwipleyiti cathode STOLETOV wasungula umthetho ilandelayo: ixabiso Ukwanda le photocurrent, uya bulingane ngqo uqweqwe ngesiganeko ukukhanya ukubhobhoza.

Lo mthetho ubizwa ngokuba Stoletov.

Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba photocurrent - ukuhamba elektroni kuncothulwa metal ukukhanya.

Ithiyori le isivamvo ifumene isicelo umsebenzi ngokubanzi. Ngaloo ndlela ke udale isixhobo, apho zisekelwe kule meko. Zibizwa ngokuba iiseli elanga.

Umaleko photosensitive - cathode - kukugubungela ubuso phantse yonke engaphakathi nebhalbhu yeglasi ngaphandle window encinane elincinane ukwenzela ukufikelela ukukhanya. Le anode kwakhona umsesane wire, waqinisa ngaphakathi kwisikhongozeli. Le isikhongozeli - cleaner.

Ukuba ukudibanisa linga- kwipali ezintle ibhetri kunye umaleko photosensitive ngentsimbi ngokusebenzisa galvanometer kunye kwipali zalo ezimbi, ngoko xa ufihla umaleko ngokufanelekileyo ukukhanya umthombo ngoku kubonakala kwisekethe.

Wena uyakwazi ukucima indlela ibhetri konke konke, kodwa ngoko siya kubona ngoku, kuphela siswele kakhulu, ekubeni kuphela inxalenye omncinane kokukhanya betekisi electron ziya kuwa phezu ucingo ring - le anode. Nokukhuthaza ifuthe ombane kuyimfuneko ukuze ka 80-100.

isivamvo, nokwakheka asetyenziswe izinto ezinjalo inokubonakalisa kusetyenziswa kukhona. Noko ke, abaninzi kubo, ezifana nobhedu, nesinyiti, platinum, Tungsten, ethe kuphela yelanga eyingozi. izinyithi awana Mere - potassium, isodiyam kunye atom, ingakumbi - yaye likwavakalelwa ngumba imitha ebonakalayo. Kwakhona zisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa solar iiseli cathodes.