Alexei Kosygin, uSihlalo we liBhunga labaPhathiswa waseUSSR: biography, usapho, imisebenzi yezopolitiko

Kosygin Aleksey Nikolaevich yaba lwenkokheli zombutho kunye norhulumente ezinkulu kwi leSoviet. Yena kabili uHero Socialist Yabasebenzi. Wazalwa Kosygina Alekseya Nikolaevicha - 8 (12) Februwari 1904 lasekhaya nani yaba St. Petersburg.

Alexei Kosygin: biography

Igama lonina benkokeli elizayo - Matron Alexandrovna. Igama kaTata uNikolay Ilyich. Abamkeli (abazali zokomoya) baba SN Stukolov kunye M. egorova. Kosygin Aleksey Nikolaevich njengomntwana wabhaptizwa (7 Matshi 1904). Yena umntwana wesithathu. Family Kosygin Alexei Nikolaevich yaba abahlala abalimi. Uyise wayesebenza Turner kwi-mveliso. unina Alexei wabhubha xa phantse kwiminyaka emithathu.

ULutsha kunye neyomsebenzi yokuqala

Ukususela ekupheleni kuka-1919 ukuya kuMatshi 1921 wakhonza kwi Army 7 16 no-61-karate sokwakha isiqwenga Petrograd-Murmansk. Ukususela ngowe-1921 ukuya 1924-th Kosygin Aleksey Nikolaevich wayengumfundi of the People All-Russian kaThixo Commissariat prodkursov. Education, wabekwa kwikholeji Petrograd. Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe wathunyelwa naseNovosibirsk. Apho ke kwakukho umluleki union wengingqi yabathengi. Ukususela 1924 wada 1926 awayephila wasebenza Tyumen, kwiminyaka emibini elandelayo waba lilungu leBhodi, kwaNdlunkulu. orgotdelom Lena Union of Umthengi Kirensk. Kulo mzi ngo-1927, Kosygin Aleksey waba lilungu CPSU (b). Kunyaka olandelayo wabuyela naseNovosibirsk. Apho waba yintloko. isebe locwangciso ngokumanyene kubathengi zommandla yaseSiberia '. Ngowe-1930, wabuyela eLeningrad, Kosygin Aleksey ufika kwi Textile Institute iziqu kuyo ngo-1935. Ukususela 1936 kube 1937. Usebenza njenge nosiyazi, uze emva koko isuphavayiza shift kwi-mveliso kubo. Zhelyabova. Ukususela 1937 ukuya 1938 - uMlawuli we FAB. "October". Ngowe-1938, waza wamiselwa intloko yesebe ezoshishino kunye yezothutho iLeningrad yoMmandla Committee CPSU (b). Kulo nyaka mnye wadlula intsika ngusihlalo wekomiti elawulayo. Kule sikhundla wahlala de 1939. Ngenxa XVIII Congress of Alexei Kosygin waba lilungu le-Central leKomiti CPSU (b). Kulo nyaka wamiselwa Abantu Commissar kushishino lwamalaphu kweli. Isithuba sikhundla de 1940 ..

kweminyaka yemfazwe

June 24, 1941, wamiselwa First USekela-sihlalo weBhodi ukuba baphume. July 11 kwasekwa iqela elilodwa ngabahloli. nenkokeli yalo iba Kosygin. Kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-1941, eli qela olwenziwe ngobungxamo kwamashishini 1.523, kuquka 1.360 ezinkulu. Ukususela phakathi-Januwari ukuya kuJulayi 42 we Kosygin Aleksey, ekubeni i T-eyilwayo kugunyaziswe eLeningrad, kwaba ngokubonelela amajoni kunye sabemi besixeko ongqingiweyo. Ukongeza, yena inxaxheba kwimisebenzi qembu asekuhlaleni kwi iLeningrad ngaphambili. Ngelo xesha yalala wobunkokheli ukufudusa abahlali ukusuka eLeningrad. Uphinde wathabatha inxaxheba kungekabekwa "Road of Life". ngoAgasti 23 1943, wamiselwa nomkhomishinari ngokunika okusilelayo amafutha iintlobo zomthonyama. June 23 nyaka mnye, yena - uSihlalo we leBhunga Abantu Commissars le RSFSR.

umsebenzi kwempi

Emva kokugqitywa Second World War, wamiselwa sihlalo CPC bureau zokusebenza. Ukongeza, yena inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yeKomiti eziZodwa (atomic). Ngowe-1946, 19 Matshi, ibango lakhe kwisikhundla sokuba ngusekela sihlalo USSR Council of yaBaphathiswa. Ukongeza, ukuba wachongwa njengelungu umgqatswa le Politburo. Ithuba abalambayo 1946-1947. Kosygin iye ukulawula software prodpomoschi kwiindawo ezininzi abasweleyo. February 8, 1947, wamiselwa intloko yokuqala Bureau of Commerce kunye namashishini ukukhanya. Ngowe-1948 waba lilungu Politburo. KweyoMdumba kulo nyaka, ubazisa isithuba noMphathiswa wezeMali. Ekuqaleni kaJulayi, ongakwamkeliyo iintloko Bureau of Industry Ukukhanya Commerce. Disemba 28 ibango layo kwisikhundla esitsha. Waba uMphathiswa Industry Light. Esi sikhundla elihambisana kuye de 1953. Ukususela nemisebenzi yoMphathiswa wezeMali, wakhululwa. Ekuqaleni February, wamiselwa intloko ye-Bureau of Commerce. October 16, th 1952 - atyumbe ilungu umgqatswa le Elawulayo Central Committee Communist Party.

Imisebenzi emva kokufa kukaStalin

Kosygin waphulukana post yakhe usekela-sihlalo neBhunga laBaphathiswa, apho wahlala ku-1940. Phakathi-Matshi 1953, utshintsho abasebenzi zenzeka. Ngokukodwa, kusekwe iSebe Lokutya kunye namashishini ukukhanya, uya oludibanisa amasebe-4. Agasti 24 yabamba kuhlela yayo. Oku similise okwaloo Ministry of Industry lweemveliso zokutya phantsi Kosygin. NgoDisemba 7 Wabuya kwisikhundla sikaSekela. INtloko CM. NgoDisemba 22, wamiselwa USihlalo Industry Bureau ococek-ukutya nezinto yabathengi. Ngowe-1955, ukuba iphilisiwe kweso sithuba. Februwari 26 kunyaka omnye, wathi kuye kwavunywa njengelungu le-Elawulayo CM ngoMatshi 22, waba lilungu Commission on nemicimbi yangoku. Ngo-Agasti 26, Kosygin iqela usebenza umba iimveliso yabathengi. December 25, th 1956 wamiselwa yokuqala isekela intloko Gosekonomkomissii SM kuqoqosho yangoku yoCwangciso yeSizwe. Ngowe-1957 kwavunywa njengelungu le-Main Military liBhunga kwiBhunga loKhuselo. Ngo June nyaka mnye wonyulwa angangumvotelwa Central kwiKomiti Elawulayo.

Ukusebenza phantsi Khrushchev

Ngenkxaso Nikity Sergeevicha Kosyginu akwazi ukubuyela kwisikhundla kwamalungu Elawulayo zomviwa. Matshi 31, 1958 yaba ukuqeshwa yokuqala entsha. Kosygin bathi uSekela Sihlalo Elawulayo CM ngemiba amanani. Ukususela ngoMatshi 20 1959 ukuya 04/05/1960 Okokuqala ephethwe Gosplan. Ngowe-1959 wamiselwa lilungu leBhunga loKhuselo. NgoMatshi 24, lo nyaka mnye waba ngummeli eli lizwe CMEA. 13 Agasti wakhululwa ukusuka kwisikhundla sokuba usihlalo wekomiti kwi Elawulayo CM kumaxabiso.

Imisebenzi ukususela 1960 ukuya 1964

NgoMeyi 4 60th, yena isesikhundleni wokuqala usekela-sihlalo CM. ngo-1962, 28 Apreli, wamisa lilungu Elawulayo. Kulo nyaka ngoFebruwari 20 ebibanjwe ibhaso lakhe lokuqala. Ukuze iinkonzo Communist Party kunye lizwe zokwakha amaKomanisi, kwakunye ngokunxulumene isikhumbuzo sama-60 uHero Socialist Labour Kosygin ezifunyenweyo. Ukususela 13 ukuya kwi-14 Oktobha 1964, yaye yabamba ingxoxo malunga ukususwa Khrushchev kwintlanganiso ye-Elawulayo. Kosygin wabiza isimbo sakhe ulawulo "ayikho Leninist." Kwintlanganiso wayezixhasa iqela elimemela ukufuduka kwayo.

USihlalo we-USSR Council of Ministers

Isithuba wathabatha Oktobha 15,-th 1964. Indawo bahlala naye iminyaka eli-16. Eli xesha ithathwa ukuba irekhodi. USihlalo entsha iBhunga labaPhathiswa USSR wayefuna ukuphumeza utshintsho ezisisiseko kwezoqoqosho. isiphakamiso yakhe echazwe kwingxelo yakhe weni kuphuculo lwezicwangciso, ukuphuculwa ulawulo mveliso, ukomelezwa ekuhlumiseni imveliso. ingxelo yakhe lungeniswe Plenum weKomiti Central ngoSeptemba 1965. Alekseya Kosygina iinguqu ezicetyiswayo lunatyiswe izicwangciso kwezoqoqosho, ukomeleza indima imiba ebalulekileyo ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho (nenzuzo, inzuzo), ukwandiswa ukuzimela kwamashishini.

inkqubela-phambili

Kweli thuba ukususela ngowe-1966 ukuya ku-1970, ngokubonakalayo Kosygin laphumeza izicwangciso. Esi sicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu-uthathwa ukuba nempumelelo kakhulu kweli lizwe kwimbali eSoviet. Lize wabizwa ngokuba "igolide". Ngeli thuba leminyaka emihlanu sengeniso yesizwe linyuke nge-186%, umthamo imveliso yempahla yabathengi - nge-203%, ingeniso ngemiyinge - nge-198%, lo gama yemivuzo liye landa nge-220%. Le mpumelelo soqoqosho ngenxa ekwandeni ukuzimela kwamashishini, kukho iimpawu ukuhla elibukhali ukuba ivunywe ukusuka phezulu. Endaweni umqulu iyonke kwimveliso icwangcisa imali yentengiso, iindleko liye lathatyathelw kwi inzuzo kunye nenzuzo. Ukongeza, ixabiso ziyanyuswa yentsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwamashishini, ukuseka ubudlelwane yesivumelwano phakathi kwamaqumrhu loqoqosho oluncinci. Ngowe-1974 Kosygin kwakhona wafumana isihloko uHero Socialist Yabasebenzi.

Nezinye iinkalo zomsebenzi

Igalelo oluye lwenziwa yi Kosygin kunye namazwe angaphandle. Ngoko ke, ngenxa kuye neentlobano nganye ezinga malungu abantu kunye China ngexesha ungquzulwano umda kwi ngayo. Damanskiy. Kosygin ngokwakhe badibana Zhou Enlai (iNkulumbuso leBhunga State) kwisikhululo senqwelo moya Beijing. Ngenxa yoko i-thethwano, wabalela iiyunithi Soviet ukuba ahlale kummandla siqithi emva Wazigxotha Chinese. Ngako oko ke, amajoni Chinese ngoko nangoko wathabatha Damanskiy. Kamva, le siqithi spliced kunye nemisinga yaye ukususela ngoko lisebenza yinxalenye yommandla Chinese. Kosygin wenza igalelo elikhulu entlanganweni lokubanjwa 1980 Imidlalo yeOlimpiki. Njengoko Varennikov ubonisa ngo-1979, nguye emhlophe enye kuphela lwamalungu Politburo ababemelene uthumelo eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet zibe Afghanistan. Ukususela ngoko, ubudlelwane kunye Brezhnev kunye neqembu yakhe ekufuphi zaye yahlukana.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ngowe-1980, 21 Oktobha, Kosygin wakhululwa emsebenzini njengelungu le-Political Bureau of Communist Party. 23 amanani, waza wafaka isicelo sokuba ukususwa wakhe kwisikhundla sokuba yintloko CM kwi ngokonakala zempilo. Njengoko sinokungqinelwa Grishin, ngubani ke ngoko unobhala lokuqala leKomiti loMasipala CPSU, Kosygin, sele ngokuhlala esibhedlele, bakhathazekile kakhulu ngenxa ezayo we 11 Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu. Woyikela ukuba bekuya kuba ukungaphumeleli, ngenxa yokuba, ngokwembono yakhe, i Politburo akazange afune ukuba ukusombulula ngokwakhayo ingxaki kwezoqoqosho. Alexei wafa ngoDisemba 18, 1980 isaziso lokufa kwakhe, nangona kunjalo, umatshini esemthethweni epapashwe kweentsuku ezintathu kuphela kamva. Oku kulibaziseka kwabangwa kubhiyozelwa ngomhla wokuzalwa Brezhnev kaThixo. Ukuze angazinyatheleli usithe mbhiyozo, kwagqitywa ekubeni elinye iindaba.

umngcwabo

Ukuze kulahlwe Abalawuli eziphambili, abezopolitiko kunye nabantu ngumbandela ezizodwa phambi looBawo, yesicelo Wall Necropolis yadalwa. Kukho iindidi ezimbini yamangcwaba apho. Uninzi amanani sebefile. Yesicelo Wall Necropolis iquka columbarium for amakhulu kunye nothuthu. Ngelo xesha elinye bangcwatyelwa khona mbuso amazwe wamaKomanisi. Le ucula kunye nothuthu Kosygin efakiweyo kwicala lasekunene-24 Disemba 1980

inzala

Umfazi wakhe Klavdia Andreevna Krivoshein. intombi Ludmila wazalelwa emtshatweni. Ingxelo nokuba abanye abantwana Kosygin Alexei Nikolaevich, akukho. intombi Lyudmila yakhe wakhonza Mlawuli i Foreign Literature Library. Abazukulwana Alekseya Kosygina ukugcina kwimemori kakhokho wakhe. Ngokukodwa, Tatiana uye iirekhodi archive. Nomzukulwana Alex - eyaziwa Scientist-Geoinformatics, academician kunye nomlawuli we Centre eziGeophysical.

zenzeka

Xa memoirs yakhe ababephila linophawu Kosygin wabiza ukucaca kakuhle. Yena kakuhle eyayifunde kakhulu, kodwa laconic. Kosygin akazange akuvumele intetho engenanto. Kule ntetho, waba ezilula ovalelweyo, maxa wambi ngqwabalala. isimilo sakhe sonke wabonakaliswa ngamadlelane nabanye. Njengoko ukhumbula Eugene Chazov, Kosygin akazange nje nokuba Khrushchev okanye Brezhnev. Noko ke, bobabini bathembela ngaye yokukhokela kwezoqoqosho. Kwezinye imithombo kukho ukugxekwa yolawulo lwangaphambili. Kosygin watyholwa olahlwa. Noko ke, iinkumbulo Chazova enye, ndlu awayephila kulo, ngaphandle kunye ngaphakathi ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ukusuka elikhulu, kunye namabango nengxolo ngokugcina yesithili Brezhnev. Kosygin ngokwakhe uNothozamile kwaye ekrelekrele.