Dimethyl kaEtere - kwamafutha owayephila engines diesel

Esters ka - avela ze alkoholi, ezo molekyuli apho i-atom hydrogen eqela OH lifakelwa phezu carbon olukhulu. Kuba metamerism Ester yoqobo kunye chain hydrocarbon isomerism.

hydrocarbon chain isomerism kubangelwa eyayizalwa yayo.

Metamerism - uhlobo isomerism apho esters ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu abe ifomula efanayo ezinto eziphilayo, kodwa isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ngemolekyula ngenxa radicals ezahlukeneyo kumacala omabini ioksijini "ibhulorho". Umzekelo, indlela molekyuli ingqamana ezintathu Ester S4N10O:

- CH3-O-CH (CH3) 2;

- CH3-O-C3H7;

- C2H5-O-C2H5.

Ezi izinto zilungiselwe nawo, kuquka dimethyl kaEtere. Ifomula yale compound bubonakaliswe radicals imethyl ezimbini, leyo oqhagamshelwano phakathi oxygen "ibhulorho".

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlobo esters zikarhulumente free lungenzeki. Dimethyl kunye methyl ethyl esters, - iigesi. Abameli embalwa elandelayo - ulwelo, ngoxa esters aphezulu - eziqinileyo. La kakhulu kakuhle enyibilikayo emanzini, kakuhle kakhulu izinyibilikisi organic. abameli Umyinge (dipropyl, diethyl propiletilovy) - ezi izinyibilikisi kubalulekile organic. Iipropati Physical ezi -oganikhi khompawundi iyohluka, ngokuxhomekeke ubunzima eziphilayo.

Dimethyl Ukulungiswa kaEtere of

Uchaza into sele enyibilikayo emanzini, ethanol, diethyl kunye dipropyl kaEtere. Le Ester ifunyenwe ngenxa emzimbeni kunye methanol njengoko eceleni ngokuveliswa methanol evela CO kunye H2. Isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ifriji njenge refrigerant.

Kwixa elizayo, iinjini diesel iya kugqithiselwa hayi kwi igesi, kunye dimethyl kaEtere. Loo kuvuselelwa iindleko zabo ayibizi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne lenguqu ukuya igesi yendalo. Amazwe phambili xa kusenziwa ezi injini unguye US, eRashiya kunye Japan.

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yama-21, urhulumente waseRashiya wagqiba ekusetyenzisweni kwamafutha ezizezinye kwezothutho endleleni. Dimethyl kaEtere lisetyenziswa ngeelori. Eso sigqibo olukhulu senziwa ngenxa yokuba ukukhutshwa initrogen evela iinjini diesel efakiweyo ngeelori, ngaphakathi kwimida emiselwe izihlandlo eziliqela. Dimethyl kaEtere ilungele olu hlobo injini, zaphantse akuyomfuneko ukuba ngokutsha. Kuphela ngokusebenzisa kwezinye amafutha injini entsha omtsha ziphuculwe ufikelele kwinqanaba Euro-3 eziphilayo.

Oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke baqinisekile ukuba amafutha elizayo iinjini idiesel yi dimethyl kaEtere. Namhlanje ke into eveliswa kakhulu Enye into esinceda sisulungeke igesi yendalo. Kumanqanaba okuqala kwinkqubo unokuvelisa ukuba oguqukayo igesi yendalo, ngaloo ndlela lavelisa igesi yokuqaphela. Emva koko, ke iguqulelwa kwi methyl utywala. Eminye iSADC methanol emzimbeni, ngaloo ndlela yokufumana dimethyl kaEtere. Kukho enye indlela Yindibanisela Ester wathi - ukuguquka ngqo yerhasi kudibaniso ukuya methanol.

Esters kuthelekiswa amafutha emoto ayekwi zinezibonelelo yawo kwaye, kakade, ezingeloncedo. Xa isakhiwo iimolekyuli Ester angekhoyo "carbon-carbon" bond. Ngenxa isiqulatho ioksijini omkhulu inika atomization elungileyo injecting umoya kwindawo nge lobushushu t ephakamileyo ebila kweziyobisi ngokwayo. Ezi mpawu ngcono komlilo. Ngokusebenzisa le ndlela kwamafutha unciphisa injini ingxolo, kwenyusa inokuthenjwa.

Bobubi iphambili yalo Ester ziquka ixabiso calorific ophantsi ezixineneyo osezantsi. Konke oku kukhokelela ekwandeni amafutha. Lo mba iipropati ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe kakuhle kakhulu.