Pedagogy Pre-school kunye nendima yayo kuphuhliso nobuntu

Xa sithetha pedagogy ngexesha kanye ngandlel 'zicamange utitshala wesikolo ngqongqo iiglasi kunye isalathisi ezandleni okanye uprofesa waseyunivesithi gray-iinwele, zosasazo ngemfundo wisdoms. Kodwa pedagogy - ayikho nje imfundo yesikolo kunye nemfundo yaseyunivesithi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha pedagogy pre-school.

pedagogy Pre-school - isebe wezenzululwazi zokufundisa, nto leyo efundelwa bekhulisa kunye nokufundiswa kokuya esikolweni abantwana. Oko kukuthi, kuko okulungiselela isiseko, isiseko ikamva ngamnye. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuba kokuya esikolweni iimfuno pedagoam kakhulu, phezulu kakhulu.

Ndaza ndaqalisa ukwenza pre-school pedagogy njenge inzululwazi phantsi kweempembelelo ezaziwayo-kakuhle Scientist-utitshala, enye 'zooyise "of pedagogy, Yana Amosa Comenius. Yena wasondela kuqala ingqalelo kukuba abantwana kufuneka sithanda ukuba sithi, 'ukuzibandakanya "ukususela ekuzalweni, ukuba indlela ebanzi kuphela bekhulisa kunye nemfundo unika iziphumo ephucukileyo. Zonke izityholo zabo ngalo mba kunye nezibonelelo ezisisiseko kokuya esikolweni pedagogy, umsebenzi wayo kunye nendima ekubunjweni mntu ochazwe kwincwadi "School Umzali", nto leyo eye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ukufaneleka kwayo namhlanje.

Imisebenzi ye enkulisa pedagogy kunokuba obschirny. Okokuqala, le sifundo kunye nokuphuculwa esemgangathweni inkqubo yemfundo ukuze abantwana abaselula. Okwesibini, pedagogy uthole inxaxheba kuphuhliso iintlobo ezintsha kunye neendlela zemfundo, kunye nemfundo, nto leyo ibandakanya imisebenzi yophando, eqhuba Izilingo ngokwasengqondweni kwaye emfundo kunye imifuniselo. Kodwa umsebenzi ophambili zonke takii kukuba ukusebenza ngqo kunye nomntwana, ukuyilwa zakhe izimvo, iinkolelo, ubuchule ngokwasengqondweni, ubuchule ukuvakalisa uqobo, ukubeka isiseko phambili imfundo noqeqesho.

umbono ngaphambili ukuba umntwana kufuneka anikwe ukuphuhlisa samostotelno, ecaleni imigca apho kuya kuba kuhle, "ukuba aphazamise indalo", yaye sele ootitshala bezikolo bonke baya kulungisa. Ukuba abantwana rasli lwebhokisi yokhangelo ingakhangelwa ngenxa becala. Ngophuhliso kwengcamango yoluntu, ngenxa yokuba ngezengqondo pedagogy, inzala kuye kwanda kumaxesha ukuba ngoku sinako ukuthetha amanqanaba ukuyilwa umntu, ukuqalela ekuzalweni, pedagogy uthole iye yaba yinxalenye yobomi nayiphi cheloecheskogo yoluntu. Kwathi ngokukhawuleza kwi-19 - 20. nempembelelo ngokukodwa kuphuhliso zalo Zh.Zh.Russo, ngubani phambili ezintsha ngelo xesha ingcamango zendalo zemfundo, imfundo yabasebenzi; Pestalozzi, ngubani prevozglashal umgaqo-self-uphuhliso, F.V.Frebel, owaba enye ingcali yale lokhathalelo lwabantwana abasebancinci kunye ukufundiswa yokuzinikela le umba isahlulo esibalulekileyo zazo ezingamaphepha zenzululwazi. It Froebel wavula yokuqala ngo-1840, pre-school, leyo wayizalela igama Kindergarten (ngokoqobo kunye Nemec - abancinane), apho isiseko semfundo ingqalelo ngumzekelo, indima-idlala nokuphuhlisa imidlalo.

Enkulisa pedagogy eziphuhliswe na ukubulela kuphela Makube Western. A igalelo elikhulu elithe lenziwa kwezophuhliso yayo yenziwa yi baseRashiya. Umzekelo, uKonstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "Utitshala ootitshala", liphuhlise inkqubo yoqeqesho lootitshala, apho neyongezelelwe embalwa lisebenziswa namhlanje. Ushinsky bakhuthaza ukuba uphuhliso olupheleleyo-gingxi ubuntu, ngokusilela phambili uphuhliso iimpawu ezithile phezu kwabanye, kuba imfundo yokuziphatha.

Ethetha pedagogy zabasakhasayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba singasathethi Adelaide Semyonovna Simonovic. Yena akazange kuphela enye ingcali yale yemfundo yamaziko angaphambi kokuya (textbook ebhalwe "amanqaku esebenzayo malunga ngamnye kunye nemfundo yoluntu kwabantwana abaselula" ukuqhubeka ukupapasha njenge 'abancinane'), kodwa lo mkhwa - wasebenza eziguqulweyo e Tiflis kunye Petersburg. Ngaphezu koko, uye wavula abancinane ehlawulwe eSt Petersburg, apho umkhuba yangqineka iingcamango zakhe malunga nokubaluleka ubunye ngokwenyama nangokomoya.

Njengoko ubona, kokuya esikolweni pedagogy kwakuyinto indlela ende kwaye namhlanje yinkqubo yophuhliso yayo esebenzayo.