Njani a transistor?

Xa ngokuba unomathotholo transistor, kodwa kwinqaku lethu iya kwi radio. Ngoko ke yintoni na le transistor kwaye isebenza njani.

Kukho udidi lwezincedisi iimpawu zabo ebizwa semiconductors. Le uphawu yi conductivity lwabo - mhlawumbi abe umbexeshi umbane, kunye dielectrics, ngamanye insulators kwaye musa ukuqhuba umbane.

Nantsi ke into esetyenzisiweyo ukwenza le transistor - isixhobo semiconductor, leyo ngokubanzi esetyenziswa kwishishini nokukhonza isiseko phantse zonke elektroniki mihla.

Ngaphandle Ngokusingisele iteknoloji yokuvelisa, iintlobo transistor, isicelo sabo, qaphela nje ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo transistors, umz, npn transistor. Eli gama lanikwa ngenxa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nohlobo Uhanjiso. Yintoni eye wathi phambi ngokwaneleyo ukuya ubugcisa bemveliso kwaye iintlobo transistors aziyanga.

njani a transistor? Iyilelwe ukuba ukulawula umbane, ngokokwakheka eyenziwe ngenkcenkce okanye iplastiki lwezindlu kwaye ezinjengeetheminali ezintathu, ekuthiwa emitter, angamatshijolo, umqokeleli. Njengoko igama lithi, iziphumo ukuqeshwa kwabo: emitter okhupha elektroni, ulawulo zabo isiseko, isixhobo sokuqokelela isuke kubo. Zonke ezi nkqubo ithathe indawo ngaphakathi transistor.

Ukuze siqonde indlela transistor, cinga umzekelo ilula kakhulu - itephu.

Kwakhona unalo ezinjengeetheminali amathathu - omnye ngexesha kwi amanzi etephini, ngokwahlukileyo wathulula etephini, kukho umba wesithathu elawula ukusebenza nendwe. Xa ivelufa livulekile, amanzi aqukuqela ngokukhululekiyo vana xa ivelufa ivaliwe, yamanzi ugeleza. Lo bexelisa omnye iinketho le transistor isebenza njani. Le ndlela yokusebenza kuthiwa Lwegama - transistor wavula - elibaleka le umbane, okanye ivaliwe, ngoko ke ngoku ukuya. Ukuvula isiseko transistor ke amandla xa ombane kukuthi, transistor zibhenqekile na, ukuba akunjalo, ngoko ivaliwe. Yonke into eyenzekayo njengokuba lo faucet, ivelufa ivuliwe - la manzi, ivelufa ivaliwe - akukho manzi.

Ngaphezu kokuba ingqalelo transistor xa isetyenziswa isitshixo, nokuba zavalwa okanye ezivulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindlela zokusebenza. Kwakhona Ngokomzekelo, cinga impompo. Ukuba kancinane ukuvula kancinci vana, amanzi etephini aya kuqhubeka kwaye uxinzelelo lwamanzi aya kumiselwa indlela wavula impompo.

Malunga efanayo apho transistor. Xa noseko lwalo lifumana ombane, wakuvulela, yaye ngalo nto ngoku. Xa angafaniyo ubukhulu le ombane kwi kwisiseko singalawuleka mali olukhoyo ayahamba na transistor. Gqibezela umzekeliso indawo ivalve kwi faucet ngaphezu ivuliwe - nokuphuma ngaphezulu amanzi (ngamanye amazwi, ngoku ukuze transistor); kangako evulekileyo - ngaphantsi amanzi (current ngenxa transistor). Le transistor kuthiwa umsebenzi yokukhulisa xa usebenzisa ombane encinane isicelo kwi esisiseko ngoku ebonakalayo, ichibi elisusekayo kolawulo.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba transistors ukuze ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, bonke kumiselwa xa izinto ezisetyenziswa yi-mveliso. Nokuba bohluka kangakanani na ngezakhono, ungalawula idlule eyayinethombo enkulu yangoku yombane. Le transistors ukuze uyilo isicelo esahlukileyo. Kukho nezinye iindlela transistors eyahlukileyo kuleyo ngazo. Kodwa ingcamango esisiseko ngendlela transistor inikwe ngentla.

Yonke into kade, kodwa kwenza kube lula ukuqonda ukusebenza transistor. Enyanisweni, lo transistor eneneni kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Kukho izicwangciso ezikhetheke, leyo ungasebenzisa le fomyula ukubala uze usete imowudi oyifunayo, kodwa loo nto isihloko sencoko omnye nqaku.