Revolutionary Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich: engobomi, imbali kunye nezibakala umdla ebomini

I elizayo revolution Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich wazalwa Agasti 15, 1887 kwifama encinane Caune Latvian. Abazali bakhe abalimi abaqhelekileyo. imfundo le nkwenkwe yayiza kuphela ukuba iiklasi ezimbini esikolweni kukuliphi. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-18, Ian wazimanya RSDLP iqela yaye kamva ingcamango Mensheviks wajoyina kwiBolsheviks.

ekuguqukeni Junior

Ubuzwe Rudzutak waba Latvian, ngoko umsebenzi wakhe iqela liye ikakhulu ezinxulumene ngayo ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Wathabatha igama komhlaba Pumpur Vindavsky waya a RSDLP ikomiti yendawo. Lo mbutho ukuzuza ngokukhawuleza amandla kunye nokukhula. Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich elijongene zokuhamba ukuya Latvia iincwadi mthethweni, iincwadana, izixhobo, amaphephandaba ze kwaziswa kwi imikhumbi evela phesheya phantsi ezisithele yempahla zorhwebo.

Yenza konke sele wafa kanye phantsi revolution yokuqala ka-1905-1906. amatshantliziyo abaninzi ngelo xesha babanjwa, yaye amapolisa baqhubeka ukukhangela ukuba abaseleyo iiBolsheviks, eyaziwa ngokuba isikhundla sakhe olukhulu namagunya. Yokuqasha yabafazi natyala arhente olululo abecuphi ikwazile ukufumana kuqala umzila, uze ukungena iKomiti Vindavsky. Ngowe-1909 Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich wabanjwa waza wagwetywa ixesha iminyaka eli-15 entolongweni.

1917 kwaba

YamaBolshevik, efana abaninzi comrade bakhe yelishwa, wakhululwa ngaphambi kwexesha ngenxa Februwari Revolution kunye uxolelo ezilandelayo. Xa ngaphandle, Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich nangoko wajoyina i sele eziqhelekileyo kuye umsebenzi party. Waba ofundisa le Moscow yoMmandla Bureau of qumrhu. Umsebenzi obalulekileyo revolution ibikukuqinisekisa ukuba abafowunelwa kunye neemanyano zorhwebo elukiweyo kwi-Central Region Industrial. Kulo meko, kwiBolsheviks uyazazi baba ukuphazamiseka ngakumbi.

ngokukhawuleza kakhulu Jan Ernestovich Rudzutak wonyulwa njengonobhala zemanyano zabasebenzi kubasebenzi elukiweyo zaloo mmandla eMoscow. Wahlela ugwayimbo inkulu ka-1917, nto leyo eyaqala ngomhla we-21 Oktobha. Le wokumelana ebugxwayibeni zokusebenza yayihanjelwe ngabasebenzi amawaka 300. isenzo iququzelele kukhokelele ekunqunyanyisweni zemveliso Shuya, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kostroma, Kineshma, iikhaphethi. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kwezi ziganeko, abaxhasi uLenin kaThixo abaqalise ukuvukela Petrograd. Malunga ukutshintsha ngamandla kwikomkhulu Rudzutak, lowo e Moscow, ndafunda on the phone. IiBolsheviks nolawulo elisekwe ngokukhawuleza phezu kweTrone Lokuqala.

Sebenza kwi kwiBhunga lezoQoqosho Supreme

NgoMeyi 1918, Yang Ernestovich Rudzutak waba lilungu Elawulayo leBhunga lezoQoqosho Ephakamileyo (leBhunga lezoQoqosho Ephakamileyo). Ngelo xesha waqalisa ukukhokela isebe alukiweyo. Ngaphambi kokuba ilungu leqela bajamelana mngeni mkhulu - ukubuyisela amashishini yayeka. Ukongezelela, kwafuneka ukuba uhulumeni. oda entsha elungiselelwe kungekho ndlela konke, ngoko ke umsebenzi kwi kwiBhunga lezoQoqosho Ephakamileyo waba ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuma. Ingxaki wayengekho ukungabikho kuphela kwemisebenzi. Ngaphandle inyama entsha kwakungenakwenzeka ukubeka ntsha Red Army.

Xa urhulumente waya eMoscow, iintlanganiso kwiBhunga lezoQoqosho Ephakamileyo maxa wambi ziye zabanjwa kwi yesicelo. Kolunye kuzo Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich (revolution, xa kuthelekiswa ngaphezulu iqela, zange zahlala elubhacweni) idibene Vladimir Lenin. IiBolsheviks ezimbini ngokukhawuleza wafumana ulwimi olufanayo. Kamva, uLenin inkxaso iphulo Rudzutak, isindululo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka na irikhwizishini laphu, ezibe ezandleni tycoons nongxowankulu ezinkulu. IBhunga lezoQoqosho Ephakamileyo, ngoko, njengoko kuzo zonke imizimba, ngenxa nengcitho imfazwe yamakhaya, izigqibo ezithathwe ngenkani.

E Central Asia

Ngowe-1922, emva kokoyiswa omhlophe kunye nokusekwa kwe amandla yiSoviet ezininzi elalisakuba Russian uBukhosi Yan Rudzutak wathunyelwa Central Asia Bureau of the Central Committee of (b) i-CPSU, apho waba ngunobhala. Kule ndawo wahlala abavakalelwa enamandla ubuzwe. Basmachi akusekho kunjalo luphumelele ekusongeleni kurhulumente omtsha,, hlale ngokuhlasela iiyunithi ze-Red Army. Agricultural wahlala jini. Isiseko yoqoqosho Central Asia yaba umqhaphu, kodwa ngenxa yemfazwe kunye intshabalalo kumbangela phantse akukho lokulima.

Ukuze isisombululo zonke ezi ngxaki waza wathabatha Ian Ernestovich Rudzutak. Biography of owaguqula ifana kakhulu ngobomi kwezinye iiBolsheviks lencinibakazi yokuqala. Kuxhomekeka ibhetshi kwee-odolo, asoloko batshintsha izikhundla zobungcali lwemisebenzi. Ifunyanwa e Central Asia, ukuba ngamaxesha kwimiba zoshishino watyelela eMoscow. Ngoko ke, ngo-1923 wathabatha inxaxheba XII Congress of the party. E eBukhara, wakwazi ukubuyisela icandelo lezolimo kwaye uzise ubomi emva kwikhondo ngoxolo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba iqalise wokuxhasa umsebenzi nentsebenziswano ukuba amahlwempu ukuthatha mboleko ize yakhiwe kuqoqosho yayo.

Abantu Commissar of Railways

Ngowe-1924, Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich (1887-1938) safumana isabelo esitsha. Waba yaBantu Commissar of Railways. Emva kweMfazwe Civil, eli lizwe wasala kunye iimoto lixesha, eligugileyo, kunye eyonakeleyo kunye noololiwe, ezingenakulinganiswa ukumelana umthwalo nokuthembela rhoqo ngaphandle umyalelo. Isinye kwisithathu kwebhulorho zeSoviet satshatyalaliswa. Enye inxenye kwakufuneka itshintshwe, ngenxa yokuba ezi zonxibelelwano zakhiwa ngenkulungwane XIX kwaye sele eziphelelwe lixesha.

Ibe yimfuneko ke endaweni iikhilomitha-15 000 noololiwe. Isisombululo zonke ezi ngxaki waza waqala Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich. Imisebenzi yaBantu Commissar iye yaziwa kakhulu ubomi lonke ilizwe. Phantsi kwesikhokelo sakhe, inkqubo yolawulo kaloliwe munye sele yenziwe. Njengayo nayiphi na ishishini karhulumente, inkqubo eninzi uyilandela kunye tape ebomvu, nto leyo ke ngoko kuyinyamezela ukulwa.

Ukubuyiselwa zonxibelelwano Soviet

ngonyaka omnye emva kokuthatha i-ofisi, Yan Rudzutak nako ukuzama phandle i zazingenela idizili kaloliwe awayakhayo eLeningrad. Le indlela entsha yezothutho yaba imifuziselo nenoqoqosho ngakumbi ngaphambili. Ngowe-1926, uthutho ngololiwe okokuqala ladlula amanani pre-imfazwe.

Ukongeza, luxanduva yaBantu Commissariat of Communications elinye umgca umlambo neenqanawa ulwandle nemidyarho. amazibuko ezininzi zatshatyalaliswa yaye zitshone iinqanawa. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali Rudzutak inkxaso ngamandla ukwakhiwa izikhephe lomlambo encinane ukuba eyongayo nefikelelekayo wezithuthi enkulu. Ngowe-1927, i-Peoples Commissar of Railways ecetywayo ukuqalisa ukwakhiwa iVolga-Don lomsele. Kodwa akuzange bonke. Kwakhona kummandla ka Rostov ngayo izicwangciso ukuzinzisa Don, ukuba imikhumbi akwazi ukufikelela umlambo kummandla kwimveliso okuziinkozo (umbona wahlala yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kumazwe angaphandle).

Xa intloko Control Party

umsebenzi nande, nto leyo eyakhokelela Rudzutak njengoko Commissar, ayikwazanga kungakhokelela ukunyuka yayo ngcembe up leri omsebenzi. Ngowe-1931 waba usihlalo we yamaBolshevik Central Control Commission. Eli ziko lijongene ingqeqesho iqela. Kwakhokelela ulawulo Yana Rudzutaka wema Valerian Kuibyshev kunye UGrigory Ordzhonikidze.

Ofisi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuquka a izikhalazo bureau, ezafumana izikhalazo zokusebenza kunye neenkampani. Ukusebenza kula maqumrhu zibonelela abahloli kazwelonke. Amlinda uphumezo izityalo Lenin waza wayalela ukuba zokuphelisa sama endle.

Umququzeleli onesiphiwo

umsebenzi CCC waba kubaluleke ngakumbi ngexesha izicwangciso yokuqala yeminyaka emihlanu-emibini. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1933 ubunzima nonikezelo ore, izityalo intsimbi likhulu kweli lizwe zaqalwa. Ukwehla imveliso eselizweni Kuzbass kunye Krivoi Rog. Kuyinto Central Control Commission wakwazi ukufumana yaye simeme loovimba zoqoqosho njengokugudisa nefuthe elibi ntlekele.

Rudzutak, ulawula zonke ezi nkqubo, kwafuneka ukuba oko zikwenza ngamandla azo. Abahlobo waphawula ukuba ekhaya waba ithala leencwadi elikhulu, apho wayitshabalalisa ixesha lakhe free. Uninzi usihlalo Central Control Commission wayenomdla iincwadi zemali, ezoqoqosho kunye nobugcisa.

Wokubopha nokubulawa

Okumiselwe Yana Rudzutaka kwakufana isiphelo abaninzi oogxa bakhe phakathi yokuqala iiBolsheviks, wajoyina i Party phambi kokuba revolution awuthimba ezibalulekileyo izithuba karhulumente pati USSR. Ngowe-1937, wabanjwa. Umtshutshisi kubandakanywa ukuhlola for Germany kunye nomsebenzi Trotskyist omusha. Iifanela for Rudzutak weza xa wayeza dacha yakhe. Ian Ernestovich cwaka wahlala imoto, emva koko akukho mntu wumbi wabona.

Owayesakuba Commissar wadutyulwa July 29, 1938. Waba ngomnye amaxhoba amaninzi orhwaqelisayo kaStalin. amagosa amaninzi aphezulu ophele kwakunye Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich. Family womfi wenza kwimo yakhe ngowe-1956 emva kokuba XX Party Congress.