Rybczynski theorem: intsingiselo kunye neziphumo

Ukusukela ekuzalweni zehlabathi bathengiselane nkolelo yezoqoqosho baye bazama ukufunda ulwalamano zonke iinkqubo ukusuka kwindawo imbono ngenzululwazi. Bona, ezifana physics, Usihlube theorems amatsha ze uchaze imeko, kukhokelela ekuncipheni okanye nokonyuka uqoqosho elizweni. Kwincopho kokwandiswa kobuhlobo ngezizwe ixesha nezinto ngokutsha imikhosi wamazwe ngamazwe, nje kwixesha post-imfazwe. Kulo mba umkhosi beengcamango, kuquka Rybczynski theorem. Ngokufutshane nangokucacileyo ukuzama ukucacisa undoqo kweli nqaku.

imvelaphi

Umfundi TM IsiNgesi oselula Rybczynski kwiminyaka 45-50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, wafunda imiphumo candelo kuqoqosho. , Kuloo minyaka waphumelela ubudlelane bezizwe ngezizwe, yaye Britain waba lelinye lamazwe okhokelayo ukuthunyelwa kwempahla. Eyona ndlela iphambili olufundwa Rybczynski waba Heckscher-Ohlin theorem. Ngokutsho iinkolelo zayo, eli lizwe ithumela kuphela ezo mpahla yabo imveliso inobayo nezibonelelo zayo, uze ungenise lezo ezidinga kakhulu ngokungxamisekileyo. Ibiya kuthetha ukuba yonke into kusengqiqweni. Kodwa ithiyori ukusebenza, kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo iimeko ngenxa kukuvela Exchange ngamazwe:

1. Kukho amazwe amabini ubuncinane, enye kuzo izinto lwemveliso in excess, omnye luhlangabezana intsilelo yayo.
2. Zentengo kuthatha indawo kwinqanaba yothelekiso imiba yemveliso.
3. Ukuhamba yeemeko lwemveliso, oko kukuthi, ubukho ithuba uzi (umzekelo, isiqwenga zothutho komhlaba akunakwenzeka).

Emva kokuhlalutya uphuhliso kwamanye amazwe kweli khulu lokugqibela leminyaka, umfundi oselula wazisa imfundiso yakhe. Ngoko apho Rybczynski theorem. ixesha layo ukuvela nje phezu sokunyuka ukuhla kwamazwe yobungxowankulu amazwe "ihlabathi yesithathu".

Amazwi Rybczynski theory

Ngoko ke, ngoku lixesha lokuba ukuqulunqa yintoni kakuhle eli ngobhalo Economist yaseBritani. Waqiqa ngelithi xa kukho kuphela emibini imibandela ekuveliseni yempahla, kwaye ukuba ukwanda ukusetyenziswa omnye, oko kuya kuquka lancipha imveliso yempahla ngenxa sesibini into.

Ukucacisa

Ekuqaleni, oko ayilandeleki Rybczynski theorem. Ngokufutshane ukuchaza ukuba ubunjalo engundoqo. Yiba nomfanekiso iinkampani ezimbini. Omnye uvelisa computer apho ufuna amaninzi eyinkunzi, kwaye imali anayo eninzi. Okunye ingqolowa ekhula, kuba apho naye unobuqili ngokwaneleyo, ikakhulu ngenxa kwabasebenzi. Le nkampani yokuqala ekuthumeleni iikhompyutha ngenxa amaxabiso aphezulu ngakumbi kwandisa nekomkhulu yayo, yaye imfuno ukhula yonke imikhosi wawuqokelela kuphela kubuxhakaxhaka bokuvelisa. Ngelo imali xesha omnye imveliso yengqolowa iya isiba umsebenzi ngaphantsi yaye ngaphantsi kungena kolu shishino inzuzo ngakumbi, yaye inkampani leyo yonakele.

mboni

Rybczynski theorem ithi ukuba umlinganiselo yeemeko bejonge ukuncitshiswa okanye ukukhula kusoloko kuya kuchaphazela isiphumo yokugqibela imveliso, nokuba ingqalelo icandelo elahlukileyo okanye uqoqosho ngokubanzi. Cinga kwigrafu.

Kwakhona, umzekelo ethile baya kuqonda ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa imibandela yemveliso kuxhomekeka ekubeni ikho na imfuno ngayo. Ngokutsho kwe data, kukho impahla ezimbini X kunye uY Kuba lokuqala kufuneka imali okwesibini - zabasebenzi. Kumda wesangqa lokuqala libonisa indlela umlinganiselo ngokupheleleyo yabasebenzi kunye nemali efunekayo ukuze avelise imveliso X kunye nemfuno eyandayo. Ngokufanayo, ngokuba imveliso Y, leyo Ibeka OE kumda wesangqa. Le grafu ibonisa ingongoma G. Lo ubuncwane beli lizwe. Oko kukuthi, kukho isitokhwe ethile eyinkunzi (GJ) kunye nabasebenzi (OJ). Ukuqinisekisa lizwe impahla X kunye neemfuno Y ziveliswa umthamo, ngokulandelelana, F no E.

Rybczynski theorem isekelwe phezu ilungeniselo into. Masithi oku likomkhulu. Ngoku, ngokuba eyimveliso umthamo entsha impahla Y (zothunyelo) kufuneka kutyalo yaphawula kanye G _1. Inani peremesitsya imveliso noqondo _E-1 kunye nokwanda ubude bayo _1. Kwangaxeshanye, iimpahla lwenkunzi X uya kubuzwa, kwaye imveliso uya kuwela ₁ FF abana. Qaphela ukuba EE1 umgama GG ₁ ngaphantsi kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba intshukumo encinane omnye wemiba (kule eyinkunzi mzekelo) kwicandelo kumazwe kukhokelela ekwandeni elibi kwinani impahla eyenziweyo.

"Isifo Dutch"

Rybczynski theorem kwixesha elide kukhokelela nje kuphela ukuhla ezahlumeneyo, kodwa yokuncipha kwenani amathuba ezoqoqosho lonke eli lizwe. Imizekelo ehlabathini ningaswele xa eziza kukhokelele ekwandeni emali, ekukhuleni izinga lotshintshiselwano ukuhla GDP kunye. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba "isifo Dutch".

Igama "intsholongwane" okokuba uyichole eNetherlands. Kwaba apho yee-70s kwinkulungwane lokugqibela kwakukho ubunzima lokuqala.

Malunga ngeli xesha i-Dutch wafumanisa koovimba ezinkulu yerhasi yendalo kuLwandle North. Aye aqalisa ukunikela ingqalelo elikhulu imveliso kumazwe icebo. Ibiya kuthetha ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo uqoqosho lwelizwe sasikhula, kodwa kukho imeko malunga ngokupheleleyo. Ikhosi currency Dutch Wakhula, kunye nokwanda waphawula okukhawulezayo ophezulu kakhulu, lo gama kumazwe ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kakhulu ninganciphi.

Imiphumo 'isifo Dutch "

Isizathu sokuba oku outflow of resources ezivela kumacandelo emveliso iimveliso ezindala kwimveliso igesi. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa nemfuno wakhula, kokukhona mali efunekayo. Nezokukhupha resource elixabisekileyo afuna imali, abasebenzi, kunye nobugcisa. Malunga ezithunyelwa kwezinye iingingqi ilityalwe ngokugxila omnye. Ngenxa yoko - izinga lotshintshiselwano banda, yaye ngaloo ndlela, ukhuphiswano eli lizwe.

Rybczynski theorem Kwakhona kubonisa into yokuba nokunikezelwa kwezibonelelo iingxaki ezinokuvela apha basekhaya kumazwe angaphandle kwelizwe. "Isifo Dutch" irhashalala amazwe amaninzi. Le ntlekele inkulu lenzekile Colombia emva kokunyuka kwemfuno ikofu. Not wadlula intsholongwane kunye namagunya eziphambili yaseYurophu. ukufunyanwa ngempumelelo i-UK, eFransi, Norway.

mangaliso Japanese kwezoqoqosho

Omnye umzekelo - Japan. Esi siqithi encinane kule minyaka ingama-60 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, iye kumangaliswa lonke uqoqosho lwehlabathi jump ngokukhawuleza. Rybczynski theorem asebenza apha, kodwa kuphela nemiphumo emihle.

Zonke ezi meko kwahlulwa ibe yorhwebo kunye nezoshishino. Abanye zithunyelwe emarikeni ihlabathi ikakhulu imveliso, apho kuya kubakho izinto zokwenza imveliso iimveliso kwamanye amazwe. Kula mazwe eninzi kwawo, kodwa ingeniso zincinci. Olunye uhlobo lwe zorhwebo - lo ukutshintshiselana imveliso ugqibile. Njengoko umthetho, urhulumente, ukuthengisa impahla eyenziweyo, abanayo imali ekhoyo kunye nobugcisa. Ngenxa yokuba kudidi lokuqala kufuneka ukuba bathenge iimveliso imali eninzi kakhulu kwi yesibini, ubomi lokugqibela kakuhle.

Japan wasebenzisa kwalo mgaqo. Endaweni yayo encinane ukukhula into engenakwenzeka. Resources, kakhulu, phantse namnye. Yonke into - onzima-yokusebenza amancinane kunye nabantu ukunamathela. Ngenxa yokuvela entsimini computer, processing oyile negesi kunye namashishini imichiza, Japan iye yakwazi ukuba ukwakha uqoqosho ukuze ngokuthenga izinto cheap ekrwada, baye ke ukuqhubekekiswa kwaye zanikwa kwimarike yehlabathi kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo eninzi.

isiphelo

Rybczynski theorem - kuguqulelo lokuwandisa kwimodeli Heckscher-Ohlin, awathi ilizwe ithumela impahla, kuba ngokwenziwa kwalo kufuna izibonelelo ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nezingenayo wagqiba iimveliso, ezenza ukuba asikwazi. Osoqoqosho bakholelwa ukuba kwandiswe ukuthunyelwa ezo mpahla ebezithe, njalo ukuthengisa, a ongenisa ukwanda elibi kakade bathenga. Kwaye, vice versa. Xa unikel 'ingqalelo ukubaluleka kwemithombo enqabileyo, ekuhambeni kwexesha uya kunciphisa imfuno asuka.